View source for Çavuş

{{Short description|Turkish title}}
{{Lead too long|date=July 2024}}
{{multiple image
| background color =
| width = 160
| image1 = Mundy-Cavus, messenger or usher.jpg
| caption1 = ''Çavuş''
| alt1 =
| image2 = Mundy-Cavus basi.jpg
| caption2 = ''Çavuşbaşı''
| alt2 =
| footer_background =
| footer_align = center
| footer = Illustrations from [[Peter Mundy]]'s ''A briefe relation of the Turckes, their kings, Emperors, or Grandsigneurs, their conquests, religion, customes, habbits, etc'' (1618)}}
'''Çavuş''', also anglicized '''Chaush''' and '''Chiaus'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Chiaus|publisher=Merriam-Webster|url=http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=chiaus}}</ref> (from {{langx|tr|[[wikt:çavuş#Turkish|çavuş]]}} / {{lang|ota|[[wikt:چاوش#Ottoman Turkish|چاوش]]}}; {{langx|ar|شاويش|shawish}};<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B4/|title=تعريف و شرح و معنى شاويش بالعربي في معاجم اللغة العربية معجم المعاني الجامع، المعجم الوسيط ،اللغة العربية المعاصر ،الرائد ،لسان العرب ،القاموس المحيط - معجم عربي عربي صفحة 1}}</ref> from [[Old Turkic]] ''Çabuş'' or ''Çawuş'', "person who gives order or yells")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=çavuş|title=*Etimoloji: Kökenbilim, kelimelerin aslını ve evrimini inceleyen disiplin ~ EYun étymon "asıl" + logeía "bilim".|website=Nisanyansozluk.com |date= |access-date=2017-06-30}}</ref> was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] title used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels.{{sfn|Stein|2007|p=84}} It was a rank below ''[[Agha (Ottoman Empire)|agha]]'' and ''[[kethüda]]'' (from [[Persian language|Persian]], kad-khuda, "magistrate"), in units such as the [[Janissaries]] and [[Sipahi]], and was also a term for members of the specialized unit of ''[[çavuşān]]'' ({{lang|ota|چاوشان}}, also ''çavuşiyye'',{{sfn|Wilkins|2010|p=122}} ''çavuş(an)-i divan(i)''{{sfn|Stein|2007|p=84}}) consisting of combined cavalry and infantry serving the [[Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire)|Imperial Council]] (as in [[Ottoman Egypt]]).{{sfn|Wilkins|2010|p=122}} The leaders of the council's ''çavuş'' were titled ''çavuşbaşı'' / {{lang|ota|چاوش باشی}} (or ''başçavuş'' / {{lang|ota|باش چاوش}}).<ref>{{harvnb|Başaran|2014|p=186}}, {{harvnb|Holt|2013|p=238}}, {{harvnb|Stein|2007|p=84}}</ref> The '''''çavuşbaşı''''' was an assistant (or deputy) to the [[Grand Vizier]],<ref>{{harvnb|Başaran|2014|p=186}}, {{harvnb|Stein|2007|p=84}}</ref> dealing with security matters,{{sfn|Başaran|2014|p=186}} accompanying ambassadors visiting the Grand Vizier,{{sfn|Stein|2007|p=84}} and also carried out the first examination of petitions submitted to the council, and led council meetings when the Grand Vizier was not present.{{sfn|Başaran|2014|p=186}} The title has its origin in [[Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghur use]], where it was the title of ambassadors, and then entered [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq use]] for [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] imperial messengers, and Persian and Arabic use for various court attendants.{{sfn|Stein|2007|p=84}}
The word gave rise to surnames, such as [[Çavuş (surname)|Çavuş]] (Turkish), Çavuşoğlu (Turkish),<ref>{{cite book|author=İbrahim Aksu|title=The Story of Turkish Surnames: An Onomastic Study of Turkish Family Names, Their Origins, and Related Matters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfTWAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Olay Gazete Press|isbn=978-9944-5163-0-3|page=42}}</ref> [[Čaušević]] (Serbo-Croatian),<ref>{{harvnb|Rječnik|1882|p=916}}, {{harvnb|Ujević|1942|p=207}}</ref> [[Čaušić]] (Serbo-Croatian),{{sfn|Šimunović|1995|p=10}} [[Baščaušević]] (Serbo-Croatian),{{sfn|Ujević|1942|p=207}} [[Çaushaj]] (Albanian), [[Ceaușu (disambiguation)|Ceaușu]] (Romanian), [[Ceaușescu (surname)|Ceaușescu]] (Romanian), [[Τσαούσης]] (Tsaousis in Greek), and others. It is also the stem of place names, such as [[Çavuş, Manavgat|Çavuş]] (in Turkey), [[Çavuşlu (disambiguation)|Çavuşlu]]<!--intentional link to DAB page--> (in Turkey), [[Çavuşlar]] (in Turkey), Çavuşköy (in Turkey), [[Çavuşbayırı, Beşiri|Çavuşbayırı]] (in Turkey), [[Čauševac]] (in Bosnia),<ref>{{harvnb|Rječnik|1882|p=916}}, {{harvnb|Ujević|1942|p=207}}</ref> [[Čauševići]] (one village in Bosnia<ref>{{harvnb|Rječnik|1882|p=916}}, {{harvnb|Ujević|1942|p=207}}</ref> and one village in Serbia), [[Čaušev Do]] (in Bosnia),{{sfn|Ujević|1942|p=207}} [[Čauševina]] (in Bosnia),{{sfn|Ujević|1942|p=207}} [[Čaušlije]] (in Bosnia),{{sfn|Ujević|1942|p=207}} [[Čaušlija]] (in Macedonia), [[Chavusy]] (in Belarus),<ref>Jan Karłowicz. Imiona własne polskich miejsc i ludzi od zatrudnień. Warszawa, 1887. p. 5.</ref> [[Çaushi, Albania|Çaushi]] (in Albania), and others. In the past in [[former Yugoslavia]], the word ''čauš'' was also sometimes applied to the wedding-planner.{{sfn|Ujević|1942|p=207}}
__NOTOC__
==List of ''çavuşbaşı''==
{{incomplete list|date=January 2017}}
*Daut Bey (fl. 1484), served Sultan [[Bayezid II]] (r. 1481–1512)<ref>{{cite book|title=Zbornik za istoriju, jezik i književnost srpskog naroda: Spomenici na srpskom jeziku. 1. odeljenje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqISAAAAIAAJ|year=1934|page=352}}</ref>
*Kuyumcu Süleyman Agha, served Grand Vizier [[Ibşir Mustafa Pasha|Ipşir Pasha]] (1653–54)<ref>{{cite book|author=Evliya Çelebi|title=The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662): As Portrayed in Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels (Seyahat-name)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiWSuO6fdQYC&pg=PA129|year=1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-0640-3|pages=129–}}</ref>
*Mehmed Raşid, served Sultan [[Mahmud II]] (r. 1808–1839)<ref>{{cite book|author1=Albert Hourani|author2=Philip Shukry Khoury|author3=Mary Christina Wilson|title=The Modern Middle East: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn52P8VUSDUC&pg=PA45|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08241-0|pages=45–}}</ref>
*Mustafa Agha
*Ahmed Agha
*Selim Pasha
*Zulfiqar Agha
*Mohammed Haji-Ajvazade
*Abdul Kerim Izet
==Modern Turkish military usage==
{{Infobox military rank
| name           = {{lang|tr|Çavuş}}
| native_name    =
| image          = Army-TUR-OR-05.svg
| image_size     = 80px
| alt            =
| caption        = {{lang|tr|Çavuş}} insignia
| image2         = TR-Army-OR5a.svg
| image_size2    = 80px
| alt2           =
| caption2       = {{lang|tr|Uzman}} [specialist] {{lang|tr|çavuş}} insignia
| image3         =
| image_size3    =
| alt3           =
| caption3       =
| country        = {{flag|Turkey}}
| service branch = {{ubl|{{army|Turkey}}|{{navy|Turkey}}|{{air force|Turkey}}}}
| abbreviation   =
| rank group     =
| rank           =
| NATO rank      = [[Ranks and insignia of NATO armies enlisted|OR-4]]
| Non-NATO rank  =
| pay grade      =
| formation      =
| abolished      =
| higher rank    = {{lang|tr|Astsubay astçavuş}}
| lower rank     = {{lang|tr|Onbaşı}}
| equivalents    =
| history        =
}}
In the modern [[Turkish Armed Forces]], the rank of {{lang|tr|Çavuş}} is roughly equivalent of "corporal" and ranks above the rank of {{lang|tr|Onbaşı}} ("private first class").
{{lang|tr|Çavuş}} also serves as the [[Root (linguistics)|root word]] for the rest of the [[non-commissioned officer]] rank names.
==See also==
* [[Military ranks of Turkey]]
* [[Tzaousios]], Byzantine title
* [[Chaush (India)]], Muslim community
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Başaran|first=Betül|title=Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century: Between Crisis and Order|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FEMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|year=2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27455-6|pages=186–}}
* {{cite book|last=Holt|first=P. M.|title=Studies in the History of the Near East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uU_YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-27331-5|pages=238–}}
* {{cite book|last=Šimunović|first=Petar|title=Hrvatska prezimena: podrijetlo, značenje, rasprostranjenost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1xmAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Golden Marketing|isbn=978-953-6168-16-3|page=10}}
* {{cite book|last=Stein|first=Mark L.|title=Guarding the Frontier: Ottoman Border Forts and Garrisons in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjkBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|year=2007|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-313-1|pages=84–}}
* {{cite book|last=Ujević|first=Mate|title=Hrvatska enciklopedija|volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSsOAQAAMAAJ|year=1942|publisher=Konzorcija Hrvatske enciklopedije|page=207}}
* {{cite book|last=Wilkins|first=Charles L.|title=Forging Urban Solidarities: Ottoman Aleppo 1640-1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn-9Eqvs4ZwC&pg=PA122|year=2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16907-4|pages=122–}}
* {{cite book|title=Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika|url=https://archive.org/details/rjenikhrvatskog01unkngoog|year=1882|publisher=U knížarnici L. Hartmana na prodaju|page=[https://archive.org/details/rjenikhrvatskog01unkngoog/page/n326 916]|ref={{harvid|Rječnik|1882}} }}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Çavuş}}
{{Commons category|Çavuşbaşı}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cavus}}
[[Category:Turkish titles]]
[[Category:Turkish words and phrases]]
[[Category:Ottoman titles]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Turkey]]
[[tr:Çavuş]]