View source for Şırnak

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox Turkey place
|type=municipality
|name=Şırnak
|province=Şırnak
|district=Şırnak
|population_total=75932|population_as_of=2023|leader_party=[[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]|image_skyline=File:Şırnak şehir görünümü.jpg|website={{URL| www.sirnak.bel.tr | www.sirnak.bel.tr }}|leader_name=Mehmed Yarka|coordinates={{Coord| 37.520 |42.459|display=inline,title}}|population_footnotes=<ref name=tuik/>}}
'''Şırnak''' ({{langx|ku|Şirnex}})<ref name=":42" /> is a city in [[Şırnak District]] and the capital of [[Şırnak Province]] in [[Turkey]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri |url=https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı |language=tr}}</ref> The [[Ibrahim Khalil border crossing]] with Iraq is one of the main links of Turkey to [[Kurdistan Region]] in [[Iraq]].
The city is mainly populated by [[Kurds]] of the Şirnexî tribe and had a population of 75,932 in 2023.<ref name=tuik/><ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Baz |first=Ibrahim |title=Şırnak aşiretleri ve kültürü |year=2016 |isbn=9786058849631 |pages=114 |language=tr}}</ref>
== Neighborhoods ==
Şırnak is divided into the twelve neighborhoods of Aşağıhan, Atatürk, Aydınlar, Bahçelievler, Boğaz, Cadırlı, Çavuşhan, Hatipler, Nasırhan, Şafak, Yayla and Yeni.<ref name=":1"/>
== Modern history ==
=== Kurdish-Turkish conflict ===
==== 1992 Turkish military operation ====
{{main|Battle of Şırnak}}
On 18 August 1992, fighting broke out between [[Turkish Army|Turkish forces]] and [[Kurds|Kurdish]] separatists of the [[PKK]]. 20,000 out of 25,000 residents fled the city during the three days of fighting.
While the town was under bombardment, there was no way to get an account of what was happening in the region as journalists were prevented from entering the city centre, which was completely burned down by the [[Turkish Army]]. Şırnak was under fire for three days and tanks and cannons were used to hit buildings occupied by civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=30 March 1992 |title=KURDS IN TURKEY SEEM TO BE NEARING FULL-SCALE REVOLT |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/30/world/kurds-in-turkey-seem-to-be-nearing-full-scale-revolt.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref>
==== 2016 Turkish military operation ====
On 13 March 2016 military operations by [[Turkish Army|Turkish forces]] began against [[PKK]]. The military curfew imposed on the [[Kurds|Kurdish]] city was lifted after 246 days. Neighbourhoods like Gazipaşa, Yeşilyurt, İsmetpaşa, Dicle, Cumhuriyet and Bahçelievler were completely destroyed in the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kurdishquestion.com/article/3612-246-days-after-curfew-and-siege-sirnak-in-photos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117143021/http://kurdishquestion.com/article/3612-246-days-after-curfew-and-siege-sirnak-in-photos |archive-date=2016-11-17 |title=246 Days After Curfew and Siege: Sirnak in Photos - KurdishQuestion.com}}</ref>
==Politics==
In [[2019 Turkish local elections|local elections]] of 2019, candidate Mehmet Yarka of the AKP party won with 61.72% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkiye|title=Türkiye|website=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=3 February 2024}}</ref>
== Population ==
Population history from 1965 to 2023:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genel Nüfus Sayımları |url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/nufusmenuapp/menu.zul |access-date=1 March 2023 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name=tuik>{{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute|TÜİK]] |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
{{Historical populations|1965|4936|1980|10997|1990|25059|2000|52743|2010|54263|2023|75932|title=Population|percentages=on|align=none}}
==Climate==
Şırnak has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''), with chilly, snowy winters and very hot, dry summers. Humidity is always low throughout the year due to its inland location. February and March are the wettest months, July and August are the driest, with virtually no precipitation at all.
Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert|40.4|C|F|abbr=on}} on 28 July 2011 and 10 August 2023<br>Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert|-14.5|C|F|abbr=on}} on 2 January 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=SIRNAK |title=İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=mgm.gov.tr |publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü |language=Turkish}}</ref>
{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Şırnak (1991–2020, extremes 1970–2023)
|Jan record high C = 18.1
|Feb record high C = 18.2
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 29.0
|May record high C = 34.1
|Jun record high C = 38.2
|Jul record high C = 40.4
|Aug record high C = 40.4
|Sep record high C = 38.6
|Oct record high C = 32.1
|Nov record high C = 23.0
|Dec record high C = 22.5
|year record high C = 40.4
|Jan high C = 5.9
|Feb high C = 7.4
|Mar high C = 12.0
|Apr high C = 16.7
|May high C = 23.0
|Jun high C = 30.1
|Jul high C = 34.2
|Aug high C = 34.0
|Sep high C = 29.4
|Oct high C = 22.0
|Nov high C = 13.5
|Dec high C = 8.4
|year high C = 19.7
|Jan mean C = 2.6
|Feb mean C = 3.8
|Mar mean C = 8.1
|Apr mean C = 12.5
|May mean C = 18.7
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jul mean C = 29.5
|Aug mean C = 29.3
|Sep mean C = 24.7
|Oct mean C = 17.8
|Nov mean C = 9.9
|Dec mean C = 5.1
|year mean C = 15.6
|Jan low C = -0.4
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 4.2
|Apr low C = 8.2
|May low C = 13.9
|Jun low C = 20.1
|Jul low C = 24.3
|Aug low C = 24.1
|Sep low C = 19.7
|Oct low C = 13.3
|Nov low C = 6.0
|Dec low C = 1.7
|year low C = 11.3
|Jan record low C = -14.5
|Feb record low C = -13.2
|Mar record low C = -11.2
|Apr record low C = -4.7
|May record low C = 0.8
|Jun record low C = 9.2
|Jul record low C = 13.1
|Aug record low C = 15.0
|Sep record low C = 3.2
|Oct record low C = -0.5
|Nov record low C = -5.0
|Dec record low C = -10.8
|year record low C = -14.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 107.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 103.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 125.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 115.1
|May precipitation mm = 52.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 5.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 6.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 13.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 54.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 82.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 101.2
|year precipitation mm = 768.2
|Jan precipitation days = 11.29
|Feb precipitation days = 11.29
|Mar precipitation days = 12.81
|Apr precipitation days = 12.05
|May precipitation days = 8
|Jun precipitation days = 2.05
|Jul precipitation days = 0.81
|Aug precipitation days = 0.48
|Sep precipitation days = 1.24
|Oct precipitation days = 6.86
|Nov precipitation days = 7.95
|Dec precipitation days = 11.57
|year precipitation days = 86.4
| Jan snow days  =6.7
| Feb snow days  =4.1
| Mar snow days  =3
| Apr snow days  =0.3
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0
| Dec snow days  =1.4
| year snow days =
|Jan sun = 96.1
|Feb sun = 121.5
|Mar sun = 170.5
|Apr sun = 216.0
|May sun = 263.5
|Jun sun = 318.0
|Jul sun = 347.2
|Aug sun = 328.6
|Sep sun = 303.0
|Oct sun = 220.1
|Nov sun = 150.0
|Dec sun = 99.2
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 3.1
|Febd sun = 4.3
|Mard sun = 5.5
|Aprd sun = 7.2
|Mayd sun = 8.5
|Jund sun = 10.6
|Juld sun = 11.2
|Augd sun = 10.6
|Sepd sun = 10.1
|Octd sun = 7.1
|Novd sun = 5.0
|Decd sun = 3.2
|yeard sun = 7.2
|source 1 = [[Turkish State Meteorological Service]],<ref name=eather1>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=SIRNAK
| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)
| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service
| language = tr
| access-date = 3 May 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomanz(snow days2017-2023)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17287&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=Sirnak: Weather data by months |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref>
|date= March 2011
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Şırnak District}}
{{Portal bar|Geography|Kurdistan|Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirnak}}
[[Category:Şırnak| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Şırnak District]]
[[Category:Kurdish settlements in Şırnak Province]]
[[Category:Provincial municipalities in Turkey]]