View source for Žepa

{{Distinguish|Rzepa}}
{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
| official_name          = Žepa
| native_name            = Жепа
| native_name_lang       = sr
| settlement_type        = Village
| image_skyline          = File:Žepa.jpg
| image_caption          = Žepa Mosque
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Republika Srpska]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities of Republika Srpska|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Rogatica]]
| image_map              =
| unit_pref              = Metric
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="census2013">{{cite web |title=Naseljena mesta 1991/2013 – Rogatica |url=http://www.statistika.ba/?show=12&id=20516 |website=statistika.ba |accessdate=1 January 2020 |language=Bosnian}}</ref>
| area_total_km2         = 4.85
| area_land_km2          =
| population_footnotes   = <ref name="census2013" />
| population_total       = 133
| population_as_of       = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| elevation_m            = 467
| pushpin_map            = Bosnia and Herzegovina
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location of Žepa
| pushpin_mapsize        =
| coordinates            = {{coord|43|57|N|19|07|E|display=inline, title}}
| area_code              = +387 58
| timezone               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| map_caption            = Location of Žepa within [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].
| timezone_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| website                =
| footnotes              =
}}
'''Žepa''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Жепа}}) is a village located in the municipality of [[Rogatica]], [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. As of 2013 census, it has a population of 133 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Rogatica itself on the banks of short river with a same name, the [[Žepa river]], which flows into the [[Drina]] river nearby, in a valley between the mountains [[Javor (Žepa)|Javor]] and [[Devetak mountain (Žepa)|Devetak]].
==History==
[[File:Žepa – Redžep Pašina kula 2.jpg|thumb|right|The tower of Redžep Paša in Žepa]]
===Bosnian War===
{{Main article|Siege of Žepa}}
During the [[Bosnian War]] (1992–95), Žepa became one of three Bosniak [[enclave]]s in eastern Bosnia surrounded by the [[Army of the Republika Srpska]] (VRS), along with [[Srebrenica]], a short distance downstream, and [[Goražde]] farther upstream, after other towns such as [[Foča]], [[Bratunac]] and [[Zvornik]] were taken by the VRS. In 1993, the town was declared a [[United Nations]] ''[[safe area (Bosnian War)|safe area]]'' and had a small [[Armed Forces of Ukraine|Ukrainian Army]] unit of [[UNPROFOR]] peacekeepers stationed there. The Bosniak military commander of the enclave was Colonel [[Avdo Palić]], who disappeared soon after the town was captured by the VRS on 25 July 1995. According to eyewitness accounts, he was murdered at the orders of VRS General [[Ratko Mladić]].<ref name="Totten et al">[[#Totten et al.|Totten et al. (2008)]], p. 483</ref> 116 [[Bosniaks]] were killed in the takeover.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institute for War & Peace Reporting|url=http://iwpr.net/report-news/demographics-bosnian-war-set-out|author=Velma Šarić|title=Demographics of Bosnian War Set Out|date=4 May 2012|accessdate=22 March 2013}}</ref>
Unlike in Srebrenica, a widespread slaughter of Bosniak men did not occur, as most Bosniak males had fled the enclave by the time Bosnian Serb forces arrived. Meanwhile, Bosniak women, children and the elderly were deported to [[Sarajevo]].<ref name="Totten et al"/> In the trial of [[Zdravko Tolimir]], who was implicated in the [[Srebrenica massacre]], the trial chamber had found that the killings of the three top Bosniak civilian and military leaders of Žepa, and the conduct of the forcible transfer of the population, met the terms satisfying genocide, in combination with the Srebrenica massacre. The appeals chamber of the ICTY however, reversed these convictions regarding the events in Žepa as qualifying as genocidal acts, however it was reaffirmed that the Bosnian Muslims of Srebrenica, Žepa, Goražde and "Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina in general", were members of the targeted group and thus "the ultimate victims of the genocidal enterprise against the Muslims, of Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina".<ref>{{cite web|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/13/world/europe/zdravko-tolimir-former-commander-of-bosnian-serb-army-is-convicted-of-genocide.html?_r=0|author=Marlise Simons|title=Court Convicts a Bosnian Serb General of Genocide|date=12 December 2012|accessdate=22 March 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://icty.org/x/cases/tolimir/acjug/en/150408_summary.pdf ICTY conviction of Zdravko Tolimir], icty.org; accessed 18 November 2015.</ref>
==Demographics==
As of 1991 census, the village had a population of 462 inhabitants, of which 450 (97.4%) were [[Bosniaks]] and 12 others.<ref name="census2013" /> As of 2013 census, it has a population of 133 inhabitants, majority of whom are Bosniaks (132; 99.2%).<ref name="census2013" />
==Notes==
{{Reflist|20em}}
==References==
===Books===
* {{cite book| last1=Totten| first1=Samuel| last2=Bartrop| first2=Paul Robert| last3=Jacobs| first3=Steven Leonard| year= 2008|
publisher=Greenwood Press|  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_02aVgTaFDYC&q=Dictionary+of+genocide%3A+M-Z| title= Dictionary of Genocide: M–Z| isbn=9780313346446| accessdate=22 March 2013}}
{{Commons category|Žepa}}
==External links==
* [http://www.ivoandric.org.rs/html/the_bridge_on_the_zepa.html Ivo Andrić Foundation - The Bridge on the Žepa]
* [http://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/134/p06a/t02p06a.htm The long way back to Zepa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427011452/http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/srebrenica/endgame2.html Michael Sells - David Rohde's "Endgame: The Betrayal and Fall of Srebrenica"]
* [http://www.icty.org/sid/11175] ICTY: Zdravko Tolimir Judgement
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Villages in Republika Srpska]]