View source for 1206

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year 1206|the package used for electronic components|List of electronic component packaging types}}
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{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Temüjin becomes [[Genghis Khan]] of the Mongol Empire]]
Year '''1206''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of Rusion]]: The Bulgarian forces (some 7,000 men), under Tsar [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]], defeat the remnants of the Latin army, near the fortress of [[Keşan|Rusion]] in [[Thrace (theme)|Thrace]]. Around 120 knights, supported by soldiers and cavalry, are killed in battle or captured.
* [[February]] &ndash; The Bulgarians attack and loot the fortified town of [[Tekirdağ|Rodosto]] (see [[Battle of Rodosto]]), defended by a Venetian garrison. Later, Kaloyan captures many more towns and fortresses.<ref>Setton, Kenneth M. (1989). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume VI: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe'', p. 436. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-10740-X}}.</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Henry of Flanders]] is crowned as the second emperor of the [[Latin Empire]], in the [[Hagia Sophia]] at [[Constantinople]], after hearing of the death of his brother, Emperor [[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin I]], who has died in prison at [[Baldwin's Tower]] in [[Tsarevets (fortress)|Tsarevets]] Castle, in [[Veliko Tarnovo]] (after being captured by the Bulgarians in [[1205]]). Upon Henry's ascension as Latin emperor, the Lombard nobles of the [[Kingdom of Thessalonica]] refuse to give him allegiance.<ref>Nicol, Donald M. (2002). ''The Last Centuries of Byzantium (1261–1453)'', p. 12. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
==== Asia ====
* Temüjin assembles at a ''[[Kurultai]]'', a council of chiefs of the Mongol tribes under his rule, and is elected as their leader. He is given the title of [[Genghis Khan]] of the Mongol people – founding the [[Mongol Empire]]. Genghis takes immediate steps to underpin his military command, starting with a fundamental reordering of tribal loyalties. United under one [[nomad]]ic nation, under one banner and one authority.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2011). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582): Genghis Khan'', p. 146–147. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>
* [[Muqali]] (or Mukhali), a Mongol general in service of Genghis Khan, is rewarded with the command of the left-wing of the newly reorganized Mongol army and takes control over the eastern [[Mingghan]]s.<ref>Hope, Michael (2016). ''Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran'', p. 36. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19108-107-1}}.</ref>
* [[March 15]] &ndash; Sultan [[Muhammad of Ghor]] is murdered and succeeded by [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]], his deputy in [[India]], who founds the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk Dynasty]], the first dynasty of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 133. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
==== Europe ====
* King [[Valdemar II]] ("the Conqueror") and Archbishop [[Andreas Sunonis]] raid [[Saaremaa]] Island (modern [[Estonia]]), forcing the islanders to submit. The [[Danes (ancient people)|Danes]] build a fortress, but finding no volunteers to man it, they burn it down themselves and leave the island.
* The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], in alliance with the [[Semigallians]], conquer the [[Livonians]] (or Livs).
==== Britain ====
* June &ndash; [[John, King of England]] ("Lackland") lands an expeditionary army at [[La Rochelle]] to defend his interests in [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], which is his from the inheritance from his mother, Queen [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]. Meanwhile, French forces led by King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ("Augustus") move south to meet John. The year's campaign ends in a stalemate and a two-year truce is made between the two rulers.<ref>Turner, Ralph V. (2009). ''King John: England's Evil King?'', pp. 107–108. Stroud, UK: History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7524-4850-3}}.</ref>
=== By topic ===
==== Art and Culture ====
* [[Sugar]], an import from the [[Muslim world]], is mentioned for the first time in a royal English account. [[Almond]]s, [[cinnamon]], [[ginger]], and [[nutmeg]] are also imported for royal banquets.<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|pages=11, 139}}</ref>
==== Religion ====
* A [[peasant]] named Thurkhill in England claims that Saint Julian took him on a tour of [[Purgatory]]. Thurkhill includes realistic touches of descriptions of Purgatory's torture chambers. This is also believed by [[Roger of Wendover]], one of his society's leading historians.<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|pages=11, 139}}</ref>
* December &ndash; The monks of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] want their own sub-prior [[Reginald (sub-prior)|Reginald]] for the post of archbishop, while King John chooses [[John de Gray]]. [[Pope Innocent III]] appoints [[Stephen Langton]]. Finally, the monks accept the Pope's decision and vote for Langton.
==== Technology ====
* The Arab engineer [[Ismail al-Jazari]] describes many mechanical inventions in his book (title translated to English) ''The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices''.</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* c.[[March 19]] &ndash; [[Güyük Khan]] (or Kuyuk), Mongol emperor (d. [[1248]])
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Otto II, Duke of Bavaria|Otto II]], German [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1253]])
*''unknown dates''
** [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] (d. [[1270]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Almási |first=Tibor |editor1-last=Kristó |editor1-first=Gyula |editor2-last=Engel |editor2-first=Pál |editor3-last=Makk |editor3-first=Ferenc | title=Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) ''[Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)]'' |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1994 |pages=92–93, 234 |chapter=IV. Béla; Gertrúd |isbn=963-05-6722-9|language=hu}}</ref>
** [[Hong Pok-wŏn]], Korean general and official (d. [[1258]])<ref>Oleg Pirozhenko, 'Political Trends of Hong Bog Won Clan in the Period of Mongol Domination', International Journal of Korean History, Vol. 9 (2005); available at http://ijkh.khistory.org/journal/view.php?number=469; English translation here: http://ijkh.khistory.org/upload/pdf/9-08_oleg%20pirozhenko.pdf</ref>
** [[Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan|Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan]], Zayyanid ruler (d. [[1283]])<ref>a et b Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, traduction du baron de Slane (tome III), Ed. Imprimerie du Gouvernement (Alger), 1856 [https://books.google.com/books?id=81X9xomfVLcC (read online)]</ref>
* ''approximate dates''
** [[Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln|Margaret de Quincy]], English noblewoman (d. [[1266]])<ref>Wilkinson, Louise J. (2000) "Pawn and Political Player: Observations on the Life of a Thirteenth-Century Countess" ''Historical Research'' Vol. 73 No. 181, pp. 105-123.</ref>
** [[Sheikh Edebali]], Ottoman religious leader (d. [[1326]])<ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|last=Şahin|first=Kamil|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/edebali|title=EDEBÂLI|volume=10|pages=393-394}}</ref>
== Deaths ==
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Theobald Walter, 1st Chief Butler of Ireland|Theobald Walter]], Norman [[High Sheriff of Lancashire|High Sheriff]] (b. [[1165]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Thietmar of Minden]] (or Dietmar), German bishop
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Ottaviano di Paoli]], Italian cardinal-bishop and diplomat<ref>{{cite book|author=Conradus Eubel|title=Hierarchia catholica|volume=Tomus 1|date=1913|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|edition=second|language=la|page=35|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol01eubeuoft}}</ref>
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine|Frederick I]], German nobleman ([[House of Lorraine]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Kujō Yoshitsune]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1169]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Suero Rodríguez]], Spanish knight and [[Grand Master of the Order of Santiago|Grand Master]]
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Adela of Champagne]], queen of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[1140]])
*''unknown dates''
** [[Artaldus]] (or Arthaud), French priest and bishop (b. [[1101]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paul Burns|author2=Alban Butler|title=Butler's Lives of the Saints|publisher=Burns & Oates|year=1995|isbn=9780860122593|page=47}}</ref>
** [[Harald Maddadsson]], Norwegian nobleman (b. [[1134]])<ref>{{cite book|author=William P. L. Thomson|title=History of Orkney|publisher=Mercat Press|year=1987|isbn=9780901824820|page=77}}</ref>9
** [[Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia|Huan Zong]], Chinese emperor of [[Western Xia]] (b. [[1177]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shi |first=Jinbo |url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004461321/BP000009.xml |title=The Empire of Western Xia and the Tangut Economy |date=2021-06-01 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-46132-1 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Ismail al-Jazari]], Artuqid [[polymath]] and inventor (b. [[1136]])<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balafrej |first=Lamia |date=2022-12-19 |title=Automated Slaves, Ambivalent Images, and Noneffective Machines in al-Jazari's Compendium of the Mechanical Arts, 1206. |url=https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/xxi/article/view/91685 |journal=21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual |language=en |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=737–774 |doi=10.11588/xxi.2022.4.91685 |issn=2701-1550}}</ref>
** [[Muhammad of Ghor]], ruler of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid Empire]] (b. [[1149]])<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Puri |first1=B. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC |title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India |last2=Das |first2=M. N. |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-2508-9 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[William de Burgh]], English nobleman ([[House of Burke]])<ref>B. Smith, "Burgh, Richard de (died 1243)". ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. online edition, Oxford University Press, (2004), [author states, "Burgh, Richard de (d. 1243), justiciar of Ireland, was the son of William de Burgh (d. 1206)".].</ref>
** [[Yang Wanli]], Chinese politician and [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (b. [[1127]])<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The poetry of Yang Wan-Li |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0093625 |publisher=University of British Columbia |date=1975 |doi=10.14288/1.0093625 |first=Jerry Dean |last=Schmidt}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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