View source for 1236

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year dab|1236}}
{{Year nav|1236}}
{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:Batuhan.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Batu Khan]] (c. 1205–1255) at [[Kayseri]]]]
Year '''1236''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; A fleet consisting of ships from the republics of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] arrive at [[Constantinople]]. It is headed by [[Geoffrey II of Villehardouin]], ruler of [[Principality of Achaea|Achaea]], who brings 100 of his own knights, 300 cross-bowman, and 500 archers. Geoffrey, formally a vassal of Emperor [[John of Brienne|John I of Constantinople]], breaks the blockade of the city, sinks 15 Byzantine ships and enters the [[Golden Horn]]. A treaty is signed for two years after the intervention of [[Angelo Sanudo]], duke of [[Duchy of the Archipelago|Archipelago]].<ref>Longnon, Jean (1969). ''The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311'', p. 219. Madison, Milwaukee, and London: University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-04844-6}}.</ref>
==== Europe ====
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Kremmen]]: Duke [[Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania|Wartislaw III]] recognizes the [[seignory]] of [[Henry Borwin III, Lord of Rostock|Henry Borwin III]], lord of [[Lordship of Rostock|Rostock]], after his successful expedition against Wartislaw, in which he has conquered [[Circipania]], including the cities of [[Gnoien]] and [[Altkalen|Kalen]]. Meanwhile, [[Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania]] ("the Great") conquers [[Lands of Schlawe and Stolp|Schlawe and Stolp]], the eastern part of [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomerania]]. To ease the tensions with [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], Wartislaw signs the [[Kremmen]] agreement.
* [[June]] &ndash; The 16-year-old [[Alexander Nevsky]] is elected by the Novgorodians as prince (''[[knyaz]]'') of [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]], beseeching the young Kievan noble to take charge of the city's military affairs.
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Siege of Córdoba (1236)|Siege of Córdoba]]: Castilian forces under King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ("the Saint") capture Muslim [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] from Emir [[Ibn Hud]], as part of the [[Reconquista]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref name=linehan1999b>{{cite book|title=[[The New Cambridge Medieval History]] c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–673|editor-link=David Abulafia|first=Peter|last=Linehan|authorlink1=Peter Linehan|editor=David Abulafia|volume=5|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>
* [[July]] &ndash; At a diet (princely convention) in [[Piacenza]], Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] proclaims his wish to recover all [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] for the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 139. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Saule]]: The [[Lithuanians]] and [[Semigallians]] defeat the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], at [[Šiauliai]] in [[Lithuania]].
==== England ====
* [[January 14]] &ndash; King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] marries the 14-year-old [[Eleanor of Provence]], one of the four daughters of [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence|Raimond Berenguer]], count of [[Provence]]. The ceremony takes place at [[Canterbury Cathedral]], while [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], as [[Lord High Steward]], takes care of the banquet and kitchen arrangements. Eleanor is crowned queen at [[Westminster Abbey]] shortly afterward.<ref>Howell, Margaret (2001). ''Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England'', pp. 15–17. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. {{ISBN|978-0-631-22739-7}}.</ref>
* A [[Tournament (medieval)|tournament]] at [[Tickhill]] turns into a battle between northerners and southerners, but peace is restored by papal legate [[Otto of Tonengo]].<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Hey|title=Medieval South Yorkshire|authorlink1=David Hey}}</ref>
==== Mongol Empire ====
* The Mongols under [[Batu Khan]], eldest of [[Jochi]], sweep across [[Central Asia]]. They settle in the Russian steppe, curtailing the power of the [[Kievan Rus']], extracting [[tribute]] from their neighbors, and disrupting their relationship with the [[Byzantine Empire]].
* Autumn &ndash; [[Siege of Bilär]]: The Mongols under Batu Khan capture the capital city of [[Bilär]] after a siege that lasts for 45 days. The [[Volga Bulgaria|Volga Bulgars]] are defeated within the year, as are the [[Kipchaks]] and [[Alans]].
* [[Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty|Mongol–Song War]]: The Mongols under [[Ögedei Khan]] penetrate deep into the [[Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279|Southern Song]]. The important city of [[Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang|Xiangyang]], gateway to the [[Yangtze]] plain, capitulates to the Mongols.<ref>John Man (2006). ''Kublai Khan: The Mongol king who remade China'', p. 158. {{ISBN|978-0-593-05448-2}}.</ref>
==== Asia ====
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Razia Sultana]], daughter of [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk]] Sultan [[Iltutmish|Shamsuddin Iltutmish]], becomes the first female Muslim ruler of the [[Indian subcontinent]], deposing her half-brother, [[Ruknuddin Firuz]], as sultan of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].
* King [[Kalinga Magha]] ("the Tyrant") is expelled from [[Polonnaruwa]] to [[Jaffna]], capital of the [[Jaffna Kingdom]] (located in modern [[Sri Lanka]]).
==== Africa ====
* [[Kouroukan Fouga]], the constitution of the [[Mali Empire]], is created by an assembly of nobles of the [[Mandinka people|Mandinka]] clan.
=== By topic ===
==== Literature ====
* The [[Goryeo]] court in [[Korea]] orders the preparation of another set of [[Woodblock printing|woodblocks]] for printing the Buddhist ''[[Tripiṭaka]]'' ("Triple Basket") – which is intended both to gain protection against the Mongol invaders and to replace the earlier 11th century set that has been destroyed by the Mongols (see [[1232]]).
==== Religion ====
* [[Pope Gregory IX]] condemns the links that both the [[Knights Templer]] and [[Knights Hospitaller]] have with the [[Order of Assassins|Assassin]] fighters in the [[Middle East]]. He issues a bull (a formal papal proclamation) preventing further contact with the Assassins.
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Roger of Wendover]], English [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monk and chronicler, dies at [[St Albans Cathedral|St Albans Abbey]]. His chronicle is continued by [[Matthew Paris]].</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon|Baldwin de Redvers]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1262]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Wen Tianxiang]], Chinese poet and politician (d. [[1283]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Violant of Aragon]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] (d. [[1301]])
* October &ndash; [[Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi]], Persian polymath and poet (d. [[1311]])
* after October &ndash; [[Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Gloucester|Alice de Lusignan]] (or Angoulême), French-born English countess (d. [[1290]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Lu Xiufu]], Chinese general and politician (d. [[1279]])
* [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] ("the Great"), German [[Nobility|nobleman]] and [[regent]] (d. 1279)
* [[Bayan of the Baarin]] (or Boyan), Mongol general (d. [[1295]])
* [[Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Bavaria|Elizabeth of Hungary]], duchess consort of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (d. [[1271]])
* [[Henry II of Rodez]], French nobleman and [[troubadour]] (d. [[1304]])
* [[Olivier II de Clisson]], Breton nobleman and knight (d. [[1307]])
* [[Stephen the Posthumous]], Hungarian [[pretender]] (d. 1271)
== Deaths ==
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Saint Sava|Sava]] ("the Enlightener"), Serbian archbishop
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Mu'in al-Din Chishti]], Persian preacher (b. [[1143]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Conon of Naso]], Italian priest and [[abbot]] (b. [[1139]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Walter de Beauchamp (justice)|Walter II de Beauchamp]], English sheriff (b. [[1192]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[William d'Aubigny (rebel)|William d'Aubigny]] (or d'Albini), English nobleman
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Roger of Wendover]], English monk and chronicler
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Agnellus of Pisa]], Italian [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] friar (b. [[1195]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Diana degli Andalò]], Italian nun and saint (b. [[1201]])
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Valdemar of Denmark (bishop)|Valdemar of Denmark]], Danish bishop and statesman (b. [[1158]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France|Ingeborg of Denmark]], queen consort of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[1174]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Thomas Blunville]], English priest and bishop
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[William de Blois (bishop of Worcester)|William de Blois]], English bishop and sheriff
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Thomas of Marlborough]], English abbot
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Volkwin|Volkwin von Naumburg]], German knight
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Lope Díaz II de Haro|Lope Díaz II]], Castilian nobleman (b. [[1170]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Al-Aziz Muhammad]], Ayyubid ruler (b. [[1213]])
* [[Barisone III of Torres]], Sardinian judge of [[Judge of Logudoro|Logudoro]] (b. [[1221]])
* [[Dirk I van Brederode]], Dutch nobleman and knight (b. [[1180]])
* [[Fakhr-i Mudabbir]], Ghaznavid historian and writer (b. [[1157]])
* [[Gautier de Coincy]], French abbot and troubadour (b. [[1177]])
* [[John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut|John of Ibelin]], constable and regent of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (b. [[1179]])
* [[Philip d'Aubigny]], French nobleman and chancellor (b. [[1166]])
* [[Saifuddin Aibak]], Mamluk Sultanate governor and politician
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:1236| ]]