View source for 1271

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year dab|1271}}
{{Year nav|1271}}
{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:EdwardICrusadeMap.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map during [[Lord Edward's crusade|Lord Edward's Crusade]]]]
[[File:Pope Gregory X.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Gregory X]] (c. 1210–1276)]]
Year '''1271''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Peace of Pressburg (1271)|Peace of Pressburg]]: Kings [[Ottokar II of Bohemia|Ottokar II]] and [[Stephen V of Hungary|Stephen V]] sign a peace agreement at [[Bratislava|Pressburg]], settling territorial claims, following the failed invasion of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] by Ottokar in April. In the agreement, Stephen promises not to support Ottokar's opponents in [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], and Ottokar renounces the castles he and his partisans occupy in Hungary.<ref>Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526'', p. 107. I.B. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.</ref>
* The 17-year-old [[Marco Polo]] departs from [[Venice]] with his father and uncle [[Niccolò and Maffeo Polo]], to set off for [[Asia]] – to meet the Mongolian emperor [[Kublai Khan]] (the grandson of [[Genghis Khan]]) – at his court in [[Beijing]] in [[China]]. They sail across the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and travel overland, crossing [[Armenia]], [[Iran|Persia]], and the [[Pamir Mountains]].<ref>Polo, Marco & Rustichello of Pisa (2004). ''The Travels of Marco Polo – Volume 1'', p. 19. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2, 2011.</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; The counties of [[County of Poitou|Poitou]] and [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]] are absorbed into the French domains following the death of [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers|Alphonse of Poitiers]], son of the late King [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] ('''the Lion''').<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 146. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Construction of the [[Tower of Kamyenyets]] (or the '''White Tower''') in [[Belarus]] begins. Later, it becomes a frontier stronghold on the northern border of [[Principality of Volhynia|Volhynia]].
==== Levant ====
* February &ndash; Mamluk forces led by Sultan [[Baibars]] continue their territorial expansion in western [[Syria]] and appear before [[Safita|Safita Castle]] (called the [[Chastel Blanc|White Castle]]) built by the [[Knights Templar]]. After a heroic defense, the small garrison is advised by Grand Master [[Thomas Bérard]] to surrender. The survivors are allowed to withdraw to [[Tartus|Tortosa]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 278. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Fall of Krak des Chevaliers|Siege of Krak des Chevaliers]]: Mamluk forces under Baibars capture the strategically important castle [[Krak des Chevaliers]] from the [[Knights Hospitaller]]. During the siege the defenders receive a letter, supposedly from Grand Master [[Hugues de Revel]], to surrender the castle. Under safe-conduct the Hospitallers retreat to [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]].<ref>Kennedy, Hugh (1994). ''Crusader Castles'', pp. 148–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-42068-7}}.</ref>
* May&ndash;June &ndash; Baibars conducts an unsuccessful [[Siege of Tripoli (1271)|siege of Tripoli]], and also fails in an attempted naval invasion of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]]. He sends an Egyptian fleet (some 20 ships) to [[Limassol]], while King [[Hugh III of Cyprus|Hugh III]] ('''the Great''') has left for [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. Due to bad weather and seamanship, 11 ships run aground and the crews fall into the hands of the Cypriots.<ref name="auto">Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 279. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; Prince [[Edward I of England|Edward]] ('''the Lord Edward''') and King [[Charles I of Anjou]] arrive in Acre, with a fleet of 30 galleys, starting the [[Lord Edward's crusade|Ninth Crusade]] against Baibars. During the Crusade they are unable to capture any territory and peace is quickly negotiated with the [[Mamluk Sultanate]]. Baibars consolidates his occupation in Syria.<ref name="auto"/>
* October &ndash; [[Abaqa Khan]], Mongol ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]], detaches some 10,000 horsemen from [[Anatolia]] to support Edward I ('''the Lord Edward''') in his war against Baibars. They invade Syria and defeat Mamluk forces who protect the region around [[Aleppo]]. The Mongols plunder the cities of [[Maarat al-Numan]] and [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 280. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
==== Asia ====
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Nichiren]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] priest, is arrested by a band of soldiers and nearly beheaded. This incident, known as ''Hosshaku Kenpon'' or "casting off the transient and revealing the true," is regarded as a turning point of Nichiren's teachings within the various schools, known as [[Nichiren Buddhism]].<ref>''Dictionary of Buddhism'', http://www.nichirenlibrary.org Accessed 2015-03-26.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20150222074700/http://www.nichirenlibrary.org/ Archived] 2015-03-30.</ref>
* [[December 18]] &ndash; Kublai Khan renames his empire "Great Yuan" (大元; dà yuán), officially marking the start of the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] in China.
* The [[Nakhi people|Nakhi]] Kingdom, of the northern [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] foothills, is annexed by the Yuan Dynasty (approximate date).
=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[September 1]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Gregory X|Gregory X]] succeeds late [[Pope Clement IV|Clement IV]] as the 184th pope of the [[Catholic Church]], as the compromise candidate between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year [[Papal conclave|conclave]], the longest ever.
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Judith of Habsburg]], queen of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. [[1297]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria|Stephen I]], German [[Nobility|nobleman]] and [[regent]] (d. [[1310]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Shah Jalal]], Indian [[Sufism|Sufi]] leader and [[Mysticism|mystic]] (d. [[1346]])
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley|John de Ferrers]], English nobleman (d. [[1312]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Charles Martel of Anjou|Charles Martel]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (d. [[1295]])
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]], king of [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|Poland]] (d. [[1305]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Emperor Gong of Song|Gong of Song]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1323]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Ghazan|Mahmud Ghazan]], Mongol ruler (d. [[1304]])
* [[Awhadi Maraghai]], Persian poet and mystic (d. [[1338]])
* [[Blanche of Brittany]], French noblewoman (d. [[1327]])
* [[Cheng Duanli]], Chinese scholar and poet (d. [[1345]])
* [[Cormac MacCarthy Mor, King of Desmond|Cormac MacCarthy Mor]], king of [[Kingdom of Desmond|Desmond]] (d. [[1359]])
* [[Eifuku Mon'in]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1342]])
* [[Elizabeth of Portugal|Elizabeth of Aragon]], queen of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (d. [[1336]])
* [[Gerlach I, Count of Nassau|Gerlach I]], German nobleman and knight (d. [[1361]])
* [[Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley|Maurice de Berkeley]], English nobleman (d. [[1326]])
* [[Mikhail of Tver|Mikhail Yaroslavich]], Kievan Grand Prince (d. [[1318]])
* [[Nijō Tamemichi]], Japanese poet and writer (d. [[1299]])
* [[Sargis II Jaqeli|Sargis II]], Georgian nobleman and prince (d. [[1334]])
* [[Royal Consort Sunbi Heo|Sunbi Heo]], wife of [[Chungseon of Goryeo]] (d. [[1335]])
== Deaths ==
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Joan, Countess of Chiny|Joan of Chiny]], French noblewoman (b. [[1205]])
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France|Isabella of Aragon]], queen of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[1248]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Beatrix of Andechs-Merania|Beatrix of Merania]], German princess (b. [[1210]])
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Henry of Almain|Henry of Cornwall]], English nobleman (b. [[1235]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Ibn Sab'in]], Andalusian philosopher and mystic
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre|Isabella of France]], queen of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] (b. [[1241]])
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Bartholomew of Braganca]], Italian friar and bishop
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster|Walter de Burgh]] (or '''Bourke'''), Norman nobleman
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers|Alphonse]], son of [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] ('''the Lion''') (b. [[1220]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Joan, Countess of Toulouse|Joan of Toulouse]], French noblewoman (b. 1220)
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Annibale Annibaldi|Annibaldo degli Annibaldi]], Italian theologian
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Yaroslav of Tver|Yaroslav III]], Kievan Grand Prince (b. [[1230]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir]], Icelandic female poet
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Philip Basset]], English chief justiciar (b. [[1185]])
* [[Al-Mansur al-Hasan]], Yemeni imam and politician (b. [[1199]])
* [[Arnaldo de Peralta]], Aragonese archbishop and statesman
* [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)|Constantine Palaiologos]], Byzantine nobleman and co-ruler
* [[Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq]], Mongol ruler of the [[Chagatai Khanate]]
* [[Haji Bektash Veli]], Persian philosopher and mystic (b. [[1209]])
* [[Henry of Segusio]], Italian jurist and cardinal-bishop (b. [[1200]])
* [[Lauretta of Saarbrücken]], German noblewoman and regent
* [[Maria of Chernigov]], Kievan princess and regent (b. [[1212]])
* [[Marsilio Zorzi]], Venetian statesman, Count of Curzola and Mèleda<ref>{{DBI | url = https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marsilio-zorzi_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ | title = ZORZI, Marsilio | last = Mazzon | first = Martino | volume = 100}}</ref>
* [[Richard de Grey]], English nobleman, constable and knight
* [[Roger de Leybourne]], English nobleman and High Sheriff
* [[Stephen the Posthumous]], Hungarian [[pretender]] (b. [[1236]])
* [[Vardan Areveltsi]], Armenian historian and writer (b. [[1198]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:1271| ]]