View source for 1405

{{Year dab|1405}}
{{Year nav|1405}}
[[File:Voyages of Zheng He.png|250px|thumb|July 11: Chinese explorer [[Zheng He]] and his crew depart on their first exploration of the world.]]
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1405''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1405th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 405th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 5th year of the [[15th century]], and the 6th year of the [[1400s (decade)|1400s]] decade.
== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 19]] &ndash; Upon the death of [[Sigismund I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau|Prince Sigismund]] of [[Anhalt-Dessau]] (now within the federal state of [[Saxony-Anhalt]] in southeastern Germany), his four sons Waldemar IV, George, Albert V and Sigismund II become the joint rulers of the principality. Upon the death of Waldemar in 1417, Sigismund in 1452, and Albert in 1469, George will reign alone for five more years until his death in [[1469]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Khalil Sultan]] becomes the new ruler of the western side of the Timurid Empire upon the death of his grandfather, the Mongol conqueror [[Timur Shah|Tamerlane]]], while the son of Tamerlane, [[Shah Rukh]], becomes the ruler of the eastern side.
* [[March 18]] &ndash; News reaches the Timurid Empire that Tamerlane has died, and a period of mourning begins as Tamerlane is interred at the [[Gur-e-Amir]] [[mausoleum]] in [[Samarkand]], now in the Republic of [[Uzbekistan]].<ref>Дж. Мароцци. «Тамерлан: Завоеватель Мира» — Москва: «АСТ», 2009</ref>
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[John the Fearless]], already Duke of Burgundy, becomes the [[Count of Flanders]] upon the death of his mother, [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]], bringing the French speakers of Burgundy and the Flemish speaking citizens of Flanders under common rule in what will later become the [[Kingdom of Belgium]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Wim |last1=Blockmans |first2=Walter |last2=Prevenier |title=The Promised Lands: The Low Countries Under Burgundian Rule, 1369-1530 |translator-first=Elizabeth |translator-last=Fackelman |editor-first=Edward |editor-last=Peters |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1999 |page=13}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Antonio I Acciaioli]], [[Duke of Athens]], reaches an agreement with the [[Venetian Senate]] and with [[Michele Steno]], [[List of Doges of Venice|Doge of Venice]], for payment of [[reparations]] to Venice in return for being able to continue ruling Athens.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |volume=3 |last=Setton |first=Kenneth M. |authorlink=Kenneth Setton |chapter=The Catalans and Florentines in Greece, 1380–1462 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1975 |page=267}}</ref>
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 11]] &ndash; The three sons of [[Philip the Bold]]—[[John the Fearless]], Philip II, and Anthony— agree at Arras to partition the Burgundian lands of their father between themselves, with John to retain [[Flanders]], Philip to take the [[County of Nevers]], and Anthony to retain [[Rethel]] as well to purchase the [[Duchy of Brabant]] from John.<ref>Richard Vaughan, ''John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power'', Volume 2 (Boydell Press, 2002) pp.7-8</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Pwll Melyn]], fought in [[Wales]], [[Richard Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor|Baron Grey of Codnor]] routs the Welsh rebels commanded by two sons and the brother of the rebel leader [[Owain Glyndwr]]. Owain's eldest son, [[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr|Gruffud]], is taken as a [[prisoner of war]] by the English, while the brother, [[Tudur ap Gruffudd]], is killed in action.<ref>R. R. Davies, ''The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dwr'' (Oxford University Press, 1996)</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; In [[Kingdom of England|England]], [[Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland]], meets [[Richard Scrope (bishop)|Richard le Scrope]], [[Archbishop of York]] and [[Earl of Norfolk]] [[Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk|Thomas Mowbray]] in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home, and then imprisons them.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Richard Scrope (bishop)|Richard le Scrope]], [[Archbishop of York]] and [[Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk|Thomas Mowbray]], [[Earl of Norfolk]], are executed in York on [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]'s orders.
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Ming Dynasty]] fleet commander [[Zheng He]] sets sail from [[Suzhou]], to [[Treasure voyages|explore the world]] for the first time.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] [[Angelo Acciaioli (cardinal)|Angelo Acciaioli]] is appointed by [[Pope Innocent VII]] to be the [[Apostolic Chancery|Grand Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church]], filling a vacancy that has existed since the death of [[Francesco Moricotti Prignani]] in 1394.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[An-Nasir Faraj]], the [[Mamluk]] [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]], flees [[Cairo]] and names his brother [[Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz]] as the [[regent]] during his absence. Faraj returns two months later and reclaims the throne.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D.|first=William |last=Muir|author-link=William Muir|year=1896|publisher=Smith, Elder|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n169/mode/1up 121]−[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n176/mode/1up 128]}}</ref>
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Christine de Pizan]] writes a letter to [[Queen Isabeau]], urging her to intervene in the political struggle between the dukes of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] and [[Orléans]].
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The [[Sultanate of Sulu]] is established on the [[Sulu Archipelago]], off the coast of [[Mindanao]] in the [[Philippines]].
* [[November 22]] &ndash; The [[War of Padua]] in Italy comes to an end as [[Padua]] and [[Ferrara]] surrender to the armies of the [[Venetian Republic]], commanded by General [[Malatesta IV Malatesta|Malatesta IV]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mallett |first=Michael E. |chapter=La conquista della Terraferma |chapter-url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/il-rinascimento-politica-e-cultura-tra-pace-e-guerra-le-forme-del-potere-la-conquista-della-terraferma_(Storia-di-Venezia) |title=Storia di Venezia dalle origini alla caduta della Serenissima. Vol. IV, Il rinascimento: politica e cultura |publisher=Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana |location=Rome |year=1996 |page=188 |language=Italian |oclc=644711024}}</ref>The Republic of Venice then annexes the territory of the defeated lordships.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Frederic Chapin| author-link=Frederic C. Lane |title=Venice, A Maritime Republic| location=Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1973 |isbn=0-8018-1445-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC }}</ref>
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|King Zsigmond of Hungary]] marries for the second time, in a wedding to [[Barbara of Cilli]].
* [[December 21]] &ndash; King Henry IV of England summons the members of the "[[List of parliaments of England#Parliaments of Henry IV|Long Parliament]]", the sixth session of the English House of Commons and the House of Lords, to assemble at Westminster on "March 1, 1405", the "old style" date for March 1, [[1406]].
* [[December 27]] &ndash; The Imperial Chinese Army invades the [[Lan Na]] kingdom, covering an area now divided between [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and China's [[Yunnan]] province.<ref>{{citation| last=Grabowsky |first=Volker|chapter=The Northern Tai Polity of Lan Na| pages=210| title=Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century: The China Factor| editor=Geoff Wade and Laichen Sun| location=Hong Kong | publisher=Hong Kong University Press| year=2010 |isbn=978-988-8028-48-1}}</ref>
=== Date unknown ===
* The first record is written of [[whiskey]] being consumed in [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]], where it is distilled by Catholic monks.
* ''[[Bellifortis]]'', a book on military technology, is published by [[Konrad Kyeser]].
* [[Christine de Pizan]] writes ''[[The Book of the City of Ladies]]''.
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== Births ==
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Constantine XI]], last [[Byzantine Emperor]] (d. [[1453]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy]], Scottish noble (d. [[1489]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; King [[John II of Castile]] (d. [[1454]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[George Kastrioti]], better known as [[Skanderbeg]], Albanian national hero (d. [[1468]]) (probable date)
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius II]] (d. [[1464]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Louis I, Count of Montpensier]] (d. [[1486]])
** [[Cecilia of Brandenburg]], Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. [[1449]])
== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Eleanor Maltravers]], English noblewoman (b. [[1345]])
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Timur]] (aka Tamerlane), [[Turco-Mongol]] monarch and conqueror (b. [[1336]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]] (b. [[1350]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Thomas West, 1st Baron West]] (b. [[1335]])
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Philippe de Mézières]], advisor to [[Charles V of France]]
* [[June 8]]
** [[Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk]], English rebel, executed in York (b. 1385)
** [[Richard Scrope (bishop)|Richard le Scrope]], Archbishop of York, executed in York (b. c.1350)
* c. [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan]], the "Wolf of Badenoch", fourth son of King [[Robert II of Scotland]] (b. [[1343]])<ref>Grant, Alexander. "Alexander Stewart", ''ODNB''.</ref>
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Jean Froissart]], French chronicler (b. [[1337]])
== References ==
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[[Category:1405| ]]