View source for 1746

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
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[[File:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|300px|[[April 16]]: The last Jacobite rising is defeated in Britain at the [[Battle of Culloden]].]]
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[[File:Battle of Roucoux painting.jpg|thumb|300px|[[October 11]]: [[Battle of Rocoux]]]]
{{Year article header|1746}}
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; The Young Pretender [[Charles Edward Stuart]] occupies [[Stirling]], [[Scotland]].
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Falkirk Muir]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL9|desc=Battle of Falkirk II|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Jagat Singh II]], the ruler of the [[Mewar Kingdom]], inaugurates his [[Lake Palace]] on the island of Jag Niwas in [[Lake Pichola]], in what is now the state of [[Rajasthan]] in northwest India.<ref>Cheryl Bentley, ''A Guide to the Palace Hotels of India'' (Hunter Publishing, 2011)</ref>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland]], issues a proclamation offering an amnesty to participants in the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|Jacobite rebellion]], directing them that they can avoid punishment if they turn their weapons in to their local Presbyterian church.<ref>Geoffrey Plank, ''Rebellion and Savagery: The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) pp61-62</ref>
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Brussels]], at the time part of the [[Austrian Netherlands]], surrenders to [[France]]'s Marshal [[Maurice de Saxe]].<ref>George Edmundson, ''A History of Holland'' (Ozymandias Press, 2018)</ref>
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur]], the [[Mughal Empire]]'s viceroy administering [[Lahore]] (in what is now Pakistan), orders the massacre of the city's [[Sikh people]].<ref>Harish Jain, ''The Making of Punjab'' (Unistar Books, 2003) p193 </ref>
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Culloden]] in Scotland, the final [[pitched battle]] fought on British soil, brings an end to the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL6|desc=Battle of Culloden|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The three Scottish leaders of the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|Jacobite uprising]]— the [[William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock|Earl of Kilmarnock]], [[Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerino|Lord Balmerino]], and [[Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat|Lord Lovat]]— are imprisoned for treason in the [[Tower of London]], where they are held by the British government until their execution.  Boyd and Balmerino are beheaded in August, while Fraser is not put to death until April 1747.<ref>Richard Davey, ''The Tower of London'' (E. P. Dutton, 1910) pp333-334</ref>
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Battle of Piacenza]]: Austrian forces defeat French and Spanish troops.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Samuel Johnson]] is contracted to write his ''A Dictionary of the English Language''.
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Ricci]] (b. [[1522]]) is canonized.
=== July–September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; Father Joachim Royo, the last of the five Spanish Catholic missionaries to [[Fuzhou]] in [[China]], is captured by Chinese authorities, after having spent three decades defying orders to not evangelize.<ref>
Anthony E. Clark, ''China's Saints: Catholic Martyrdom During the Qing (1644–1911)'' (Lexington Books, 2011) p73</ref>  He and three fellow priests are put to death two years later, on October 28, 1748.
* [[July 9]] &ndash; King [[Philip V of Spain]] dies, after a reign of more than 45 years.  His oldest living son succeeds him, as [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|King Ferdinand VI]].
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The wearing of the [[kilt]] is banned in [[Scotland]] by the [[Dress Act]] (Note: the actual effective date of the Dress Act was [[August 1]], [[1747]], not 1746).
* [[August 18]] &ndash; Two of the four rebellious Scottish lords, [[Earl of Kilmarnock]] and [[Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerinoch|Lord Balmerinoch]], are beheaded in the [[Tower of London]] (Lord Lovat is executed in [[1747]]).
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] flees to the [[Isle of Skye]] from [[Arisaig]], after the unsuccessful [[Jacobite rising of 1745]], marked by the [[Prince's Cairn]] on the banks of [[Loch nan Uamh]].
=== October–December ===
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[War of the Austrian Succession]] &ndash; [[Battle of Rocoux]]: The [[Early Modern France|French]] army defeats the allied [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]], [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]], [[Electorate of Hanover|Hanoveran]] and [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] army in [[Rocourt, Liège|Rocourt]].
* [[October 22]] &ndash; The [[Princeton University|College of New Jersey]] is founded in Princetown, New Jersey. In 1896, it is renamed Princeton University.
* [[October 28]] &ndash; An [[1746 Lima–Callao earthquake|earthquake]] demolishes [[Lima]] and [[Callao]], in [[Viceroyalty of Peru|Peru]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Anwaruddin Khan]], the Nawab of the [[Arcot State]] in South India, is driven back by the Captain Louis Paradis of the French Army after he and 10,000 soldiers attempt to drive the French back out of [[Madras]].<ref>
Sir William W. Hunter, ''The History of Nations: India'' (John D. Morris, 1906) p179</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; Rallied by a teenage boy, Giovanni Battista Perasso (nicknamed [[Balilla]]"), the citizens of the [[Republic of Genoa]] [[Siege of Genoa (1746)|rise up against the Austrian occupying troops]] and the collaborator Military Governor, the Genoese [[Marquis of Botta d'Adorno]]. By December 11, the Austrian soldiers are driven from the Italian city-state, but return a few months later.<ref>"Eighteenth Century", in ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015'', ed. by Micheal Clodfelter (McFarland, 2017) p77</ref>
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Eva Ekeblad]] reports her discovery, of how to make flour and alcohol from potatoes, to the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].
* The town of [[Vilkovo]] ([[Odes'ka oblast']], [[Ukraine]]) is founded.
* [[Gabriel Johnston]], British Governor of the [[Province of North Carolina]], moves to [[New Bern, North Carolina|New Bern]], the province's largest. New Bern replaces [[Edenton, North Carolina|Edenton]] as the capital of North Carolina until [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] is established in [[1792]].
* [[Charles Batteux]]'s ''Les beaux-arts réduits à un même principe'' is published in Paris, putting forward for the first time the idea of "''les beaux arts''": "the [[fine arts]]".
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Rush]], a [[Founding Father of the United States]] (d. [[1813]])
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi]], Swiss pedagogue (d. [[1827]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] (d. [[1792]])
[[File:Karl G Schweikart - Tadeusz Kościuszko (ÖaL).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Tadeusz Kościuszko]]]]
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]], Polish general and nationalist (d. [[1817]])
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]], American politician and soldier (d. [[1825]])
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Izabela Czartoryska]], Polish magnate princess (d. [[1835]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[André Michaux]], French botanist (d. [[1802]])
[[File:Autorretrato de Goya (1795).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Francisco Goya]]]]
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Francisco Goya]], Spanish painter (d. [[1828]])
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[John Andrews (priest)|John Andrews]], American clergyman, Provost of the University of Pennsylvania (d. [[1813]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Gaspard Monge]], French [[mathematician]] and [[geometer]] (d. [[1818]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[James Hook (composer)|James Hook]], English composer (d. [[1827]])
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Henry Grattan]], Irish politician (d. [[1820]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Piazzi]], Italian astronomer (d. [[1826]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Bernardo de Gálvez]], Spanish military leader, aids the [[United States]] in its quest for independence in the [[American Revolutionary War]] (d. [[1786]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Louise du Pierry]], French astronomer (d. [[1807]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[William Jones (philologist)|Sir William Jones]], English philologist (d. [[1794]])
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[William Billings]], American composer (d. [[1800]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)|Robert R. Livingston]], American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. [[1813]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Saverio Cassar]], Gozitan priest and rebel leader (d. [[1805]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Hong Liangji]], Chinese scholar, statesman, political theorist and philosopher
** [[Isaac Swainson]], English botanist (d. [[1812]])
** [[Victor d'Hupay]], French philosopher and writer (d. [[1818]])
** [[Ekaterina Kozitskaya]], Russian industrialist  (d. [[1833]])
** [[Ebenezer Pemberton]], American educator (d. [[1835]])
== Deaths ==
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Robert Blair (poet)|Robert Blair]], Scottish poet and cleric (b. [[1699]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Anton Josef Kirchweger]], German writer
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Thomas Watson, 3rd Earl of Rockingham]], British politician (b. [[1715]])
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Hermann von der Hardt]], German historian (b. [[1660]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia]], regent of Russia (b. [[1718]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Nicolas de Largillière]], French painter (b. [[1656]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[William Flower, 1st Baron Castle Durrow]], Irish politician (b. [[1685]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[William Tennent]], Scottish-American theologian (b. [[1673]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth]], British noble (b. [[1713]])
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Thomas Southerne]], Irish playwright (b. [[1660]])
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Colin Maclaurin]], Scottish mathematician (b. [[1698]])
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Thomas Baker (antiquarian)|Thomas Baker]], English antiquarian (b. [[1656]])
[[File:Felipe V de España.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Philip V of Spain]]]]
* [[July 9]] &ndash; King [[Philip V of Spain]] (b. [[1683]])
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[John Peter Zenger]], American printer, whose court case advanced freedom of the press in the American colonies (b. [[1697]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Francesco Trevisani]], Italian painter (b. [[1656]])
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Christian VI of Denmark|Christian VI]], King of Denmark and Norway (b. [[1699]])
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)|Francis Hutcheson]], Irish philosopher (b. [[1694]])
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[St George Gore-St George]], Irish politician (b. [[1722]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Josiah Burchett]], English Secretary of the Admiralty (b. c. [[1666]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Georg Steller]], German naturalist (b. [[1709]])
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Lady Grizel Baillie]], Scottish poet (b. [[1665]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Charles Radclyffe]], British politician and rebel, by beheading after being convicted of treason against the Crown (b. [[1693]])
== References ==
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