View source for 1773

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
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[[File:Destruction of tea at Boston Harbor LCCN91795889.jpg|thumb|250px|[[December 16]]: American protesters stage "[[Boston Tea Party]]"]]
{{Year article header|1773}}
{{C18 year in topic}}
[[File:Joseph_Manigault_House_(Charleston).jpg|thumb|right|[[January 12]]: [[Charleston Museum]], the first museum in the American colonies is established]]
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; The hymn that becomes known as ''[[Amazing Grace]]'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate [[John Newton]] in the town of [[Olney, Buckinghamshire]], England.
* [[January 12]] &ndash; The first museum in the American colonies is established in [[Charleston, South Carolina]]; in 1915, it is formally incorporated as the [[Charleston Museum]].<ref name="Carruth1773">{{cite book|editor=Carruth, Gordon|title=The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr|url-access=registration|edition=3rd|publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell|year=1962|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr/page/79 79-81]}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Second voyage of James Cook]]: [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] in [[HMS Resolution (1771)]] becomes the first European explorer to cross the [[Antarctic Circle]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; The first opera performance in the [[Swedish language]], ''Thetis and Phelée'', performed by [[Carl Stenborg]] and [[Elisabeth Olin]] in [[Bollhuset]] in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], marks the establishment of the [[Royal Swedish Opera]].
* [[February 8]] &ndash; The Grand Council of Poland meets in Warsaw, summoned by a circular letter from King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] to respond to the Kingdom's threatened partition between three foreign powers.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Annual Register, or a View of the History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1773|editor=Burke, Edmund|editor-link=Edmund Burke|publisher=J. Dodsley|year=1774|page=25}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; The construction of [[Christ Church (Alexandria, Virginia)]], known for being the house of worship for [[George Washington]] and the visiting site for subsequent U.S. presidents, is completed.<ref name="Carruth1773"/>
* [[March 9]]&ndash;[[March 19|19]] &ndash; [[Second voyage of James Cook]]: [[Tobias Furneaux]] in {{HMS|Adventure|1771}} explores the coast of [[Van Diemen's Land]].<ref>{{cite book|first=James|last=Cook|title=The Three Voyages of Captain James Cook round the World |volume=III: Being the First of the Second Voyage|publisher=Longman, Hurst and Rees|location=London|year=1821|pages=122–128}}</ref>
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The popular (and enduring) comedy ''[[She Stoops to Conquer]]'', by Irish playwright [[Oliver Goldsmith]], is performed for the first time, premiering at London's [[Covent Garden Theatre]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Brian|last=Corman|title=The Broadview Anthology of Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Comedy|publisher=Broadview Press|year=2013|page=359}}</ref>
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of Great Britain]] passes the [[Tea Act]] (coming into force on [[May 10]]), designed to save the [[British East India Company]] by granting it a monopoly on the [[North America]]n [[tea]] trade.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology327328">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/327|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/327 327–328]}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; In [[Egypt]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rebels revolt, killing [[Ali Bey]], [[Mamluk]] Sultan of [[Egypt]].
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole]] sets out from Britain.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; The [[Regulating Act of 1773|Regulating Act]] is given royal assent by King George III, creating the office of Governor General, with an advising council, to exercise political authority over the territory under [[Company rule in India|British East India Company rule in India]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology327328"/>
=== July–September ===
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The first annual conference of American Methodists is convened at Philadelphia in St. George's Church.<ref name="Carruth1773"/>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; Under pressure from the Bourbon courts, [[Pope Clement XIV]] suppresses the [[Society of Jesus]] (brief ''[[Dominus ac Redemptor]]''). [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]], expels the order from his territories.
* [[July 29]] (Feast of St Martha) &ndash; [[1773 Guatemala earthquake|Guatemala earthquake]]: The Santa Marta [[earthquake]] hits, with an estimated epicentral magnitude of 7.5 M<sub>i</sub>,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZp0mS_QWHMC&pg=PA394|editor=Rose, William I.|title=Natural Hazards in El Salvador|page=394|publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]|isbn=978-0-8137-2375-4|date=June 2004|display-editors=etal}}</ref> striking [[Guatemala]]; numerous [[aftershock]]s last until December. The city of [[Antigua Guatemala]] is virtually destroyed, leading to the decision to move the country's capital to [[Guatemala City|La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción]].
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Second voyage of James Cook]] in the [[Tuamotus]]: [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] discovers [[Tekokota]], which he names ''Doubtful Island''.
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Second voyage of James Cook]] in the Tuamotus: Captain Cook discovers [[Marutea Nord]], which he names ''Furneaux Island''.
* [[September 11]] &ndash; ''The Public Advertiser'' publishes a satirical essay titled ''[[s:Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One|Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One]],'' written by [[Benjamin Franklin]].
=== October–December ===
* [[October 10]]
** [[Daniel Boone]] leads the first attempt by British colonists to establish a settlement in [[Kentucky]], but is turned back in an attack by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], in which his son is killed.
** [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]]: Second of the [[Russian occupations of Beirut]] begins, following a naval bombardment which began on August 2. The Russians leave Albanian mercenaries as an occupying force.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Arabs under Tsarist Rule: The Russian Occupation of Beirut, 1773–1774|last=du Quenoy|first=Paul|journal=Russian History|year=2014|volume=41|issue=2|pages=128–141|doi=10.1163/18763316-04102002}}</ref>
** [[Paul Revere]] marries Rachel Walker, his second wife.
* [[October 12]] – America's first [[insane asylum]] opens for ''Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds'' in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]].
* [[October 13]] – [[French people|French]] [[astronomer]] [[Charles Messier]] discovers the ''[[Whirlpool Galaxy]]'', an [[Interacting galaxy|interacting]], [[grand design spiral galaxy]] located at a distance of approximately 31 million [[light-year]]s, in the [[constellation]] ''[[Canes Venatici]]''.
* [[October 14]] – The [[Komisja Edukacji Narodowej]] ([[Polish language|Polish]] for ''Commission for the Education of the People''), formed in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], is considered to be the world's first ministry of education.
* [[November 10]] – Four ships – the ''Dartmouth'', the ''Eleanor'', the ''Beaver'' and the ''William'' – depart Britain for America, carrying the first Indian tea to be subject to the newly enacted taxes. The ''William'' is lost in a storm; the ''Dartmouth'' is the first ship to reach [[Boston]], docking on [[November 28]].<ref>Keith R. Dawson, ''Caroline Princess of Wales & Other Forgotten People of History'' (Strategic Book Publishing, 2010) p67</ref>
* [[December 16]] – [[Boston Tea Party]]: A group of American [[Thirteen Colonies|colonists]], dressed as Mohawk Indians, steal aboard ships of the [[East India Company]] and dump their cargo of tea into [[Boston Harbor]], in protest against British tax policies.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology327328" />
* [[December 23]] – [[Moscow State Academy of Choreography]] was founded<ref>{{Cite web |title=История |url=https://balletacademy.ru/mgah/about/history/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=balletacademy.ru}}</ref> under the reign of [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]]. It is the second ballet school in Russia after [[Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]]: Russian forces fail to take [[Silistria]].
* [[Emelian Pugachev]] starts [[Pugachev's Rebellion]] in [[Russian Empire|Russia]], attacking and occupying [[Samara, Russia|Samara]].
* [[John Harrison]] wins the [[Longitude prize]], for his invention of the [[marine chronometer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1750-1800|title=Icons, a portrait of England 1750-1800|access-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817164134/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1750-1800 |archive-date=2007-08-17}}</ref>
* [[Hilaire Rouelle]] discovers [[urea]].
* [[Istanbul Technical University]] is established (under the name of ''Royal School of Naval Engineering'') as the world's first comprehensive institution of higher learning dedicated to engineering education.
* [[Marsala wine]] first shipped to England.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to Wine|url=http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=1923|chapter=Marsala|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808134130/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=1923|archive-date=2008-08-08|date=2008-08-08|via=Wine Pros archive}}</ref>
* In [[China]], written work begins on the ''[[Complete Library of the Four Treasuries]]'', the largest literary compilation of books in China's history (surpassing the [[Yongle Encyclopedia]] of the 15th Century). Upon completion in [[1782]], the books are bound in 36,381 volumes (册) with more than 79,000 chapters (卷), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 million [[Chinese character]]s.
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] judge [[James Burnett, Lord Monboddo]], begins publication of ''Of the Origin and Progress of Language'', a contribution to [[Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment|evolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment]].
* [[Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock]] publishes the last five [[canto]]s of his [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] ''Der Messias'' in [[Hamburg]].</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:Robert Fullerton, by George Chinnery.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Robert Fullerton]]]]
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst]], British ambassador to China, [[Governor-General of India]] (d. [[1857]])
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Robert Fullerton]], governor of Penang, first governor of British Straits Settlements (d. [[1831]])
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex|Prince Augustus of Great Britain]], Duke of Sussex (d. [[1843]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Mohs]], German geologist, mineralogist (d. [[1839]])
[[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|thumb|110px|[[William Henry Harrison]]]]
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[William Henry Harrison]], American military leader and ninth [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1841]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[John Holmes (Maine politician)|John Holmes]], American politician (d. [[1843]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Juan Ramón Balcarce]], Argentine military leader and politician (d. [[1836]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Bowditch]], American mathematician (d. [[1838]])
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Étienne Maurice Gérard]], Prime Minister and [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1852]])
* [[April 9]]
** [[Étienne Aignan]], French writer, librettist, and playwright (d. [[1824]])
** [[Marie Boivin]], French midwife, inventor and obstetrics writer  (d. [[1841]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste de Villèle]], Prime Minister of France (d. [[1854]])
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Henrik Steffens]], Norwegian philosopher (d. [[1845]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Acerbi]], Italian explorer (d. [[1846]])
[[File:Prince Metternich by Lawrence.jpeg|thumb|right|110px|[[Klemens von Metternich]]]]
* [[May 15]] &ndash; Prince [[Klemens Wenzel von Metternich]], Austrian statesman (d. [[1859]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Arthur Aikin]], English chemist and mineralogist (d. [[1854]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Tieck]], German writer (d. [[1853]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]], English scientist (d. [[1829]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Thomas Brisbane]], Scottish astronomer, [[Governor of New South Wales]] (d. [[1860]])
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Karl Faber]], German historian (d. [[1853]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Aimé Bonpland]], French explorer, botanist (d. [[1858]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Jonathan Alder]], American [[settler]] (d. [[1849]])
[[File:1841 portrait painting of Louis Philippe I (King of the French) by Winterhalter.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Louis Philippe I]]]]
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Harriet Auber]], English poet, hymnist (d. [[1862]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Louis Philippe I]], King of the French (d. [[1850]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Henry Hunt (politician)|Henry Hunt]], British politician (d. [[1835]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Shadrach Bond]], American politician and the first [[governor of Illinois]] (d. [[1832]])
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt]], French general, diplomat (d. [[1827]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Sylvain Charles Valée]], [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1846]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]], Scottish botanist (d. [[1858]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Sir George Cayley]], English aviation pioneer (d. [[1857]])
* ''Unknown'' &ndash; [[Johann Gottfried Arnold]], German cellist (d. [[1806]])
* ''Unknown'' &ndash; [[Kyra Frosini]], Greek heroine  (d. [[1800]])
* ''Unknown'' &ndash; [[Isabel Zendal]], Spanish nurse
* ''Unknown'' &ndash; [[Anna Moór]], Hungarian actress (d. [[1841]])
== Deaths ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell]], Lord Mayor of London (b. [[1711]])
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Jacob von Eggers]], Military engineer (b. [[1704]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Alexis Piron]], French writer (b. [[1689]])
* [[January 23]]
** [[Manuel Pinto da Fonseca]], 68th Grandmaster of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (b. [[1681]])
** [[Pieter van Reede van Oudtshoorn]], Dutch administrator of the Cape Colony (b. [[1714]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; King [[Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia]] (b. [[1701]])
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Luigi Vanvitelli]], Italian architect (b. [[1700]])
[[File:Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield]]]]
* [[March 24]]
** [[Stephen Leake]], English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (b. [[1702]])
** [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield]], English statesman and man of letters (b. [[1694]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben]], German noble (b. [[1715]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Ali Bey Al-Kabir]], Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. [[1728]])
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Alban Butler]], English Catholic priest, writer (b. [[1710]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[John Wayles]], American lawyer and planter (b. [[1715]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Jorge Juan y Santacilia]], Spanish geodesist (b. [[1713]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Mentewab]], dowager Empress of [[Ethiopia]] (b. c. [[1700–1709|1706]])
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Francisco José Freire]], Portuguese historian, philologist (b. [[1719]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Johann Joachim Quantz]], German flutist, composer (b. [[1697]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[George Edwards (naturalist)|George Edwards]], English ornithologist and naturalist (b. [[1694]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Axel Löwen]], Swedish duke (b. [[1686]])
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Stanisław Konarski]], Polish writer (b. [[1700]])
* [[August 19]]
** [[Burkat Shudi]], English harpsichord maker (b. [[1702]])
** [[Francesco Zahra]], Maltese painter (b. [[1710]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Enrique Florez]], Spanish historian (b. [[1701]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Johan Ernst Gunnerus]], Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. [[1718]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Septimanie d'Egmont]], French [[salon (gathering)|salonist]] (b. [[1740]])
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Philippe de La Guêpière]], French architect (b. [[1725]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[John Glas]], Scottish minister (b. [[1695]])
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine]], French royal (b. [[1714]])
[[File:FriedrichWilhelmvonSeydlitz.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz]]]]
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz]], Prussian general (b. [[1721]])
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[John Hawkesworth (book editor)|John Hawkesworth]], English writer (b. c. [[1715]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster]], Irish politician (b. [[1722]])
=== Full date unknown ===
* [[Bjarni Halldórsson]],  Icelandic legal figure and theologian (b. c. [[1703]])<ref>Jón Espólín: Íslands Árbækur í sögu-formi. X. deild, prentað á kostnað ens íslenzka Bókmenntafélags, Kaupmannahöfn 1848. Blaðsíða 34. (Ljósprentuð 2. útgáfa 1947.)</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |title=Blair's Chronological Tables |author1=John Blair |author-link=John Blair (priest) |author2=J. Willoughby Rosse|location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1856 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=688 |chapter=1773 |hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=688 }}
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[[Category:1773| ]]