View source for 1797 in Germany

{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Year in Germany|1797}}
Events from the year '''1797 in Germany'''.
==Incumbents==
=== Holy Roman Empire ===
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] (5 July 1792{{snd}}6 August 1806)
====Important Electors====
* '''[[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]'''- [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles I]] (30 December 1777 – 16 February 1799)
* '''[[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]'''- [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick Augustus I]] (17 December 1763{{snd}}20 December 1806)<ref>{{Cite web|title=General German Biography - Wikisource|url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
=== Kingdoms ===
* '''[[Kingdom of Prussia]]'''
** Monarch –
[[Frederick William II of Prussia]] (17 August 1786 – 16 November 1797)
[[Frederick William III of Prussia]] (16 November 1797{{snd}}7 June 1840)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=30 July 2018|title=Frederick William III|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-William-III|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
=== Grand Duchies ===
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|'''Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin''']]
** [[Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Frederick Francis I]]– (24 April 1785{{snd}}1 February 1837)<ref name="genea" />
* '''[[Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]'''
** [[Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Charles II]] (2 June 1794{{snd}}6 November 1816)<ref>{{cite book |last= Huish |first= Robert | title =Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third | publisher =T. Kelly | year =1821 | page =170 }}</ref>
* '''[[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]]'''
** [[Wilhelm, Duke of Oldenburg|Wilhelm]] (6 July 1785{{snd}}2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.<ref name="Olden">{{cite web |title=Oldenburg Royal Family |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |website=Monarchies of Europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=17 March 2006 }}</ref>
** [[Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Peter I]] (2 July 1823{{snd}}21 May 1829)<ref name="Olden" />
* '''[[Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar]]'''
** [[Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Karl August]]  (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809
=== Principalities ===
* '''[[Schaumburg-Lippe]]'''
** [[George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe|George William]] (13 February 1787{{snd}}1860)
* '''[[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]'''
** [[Louis Frederick II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt|Louis Frederick II]] (13 April 1793{{snd}}28 April 1807)<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott| isbn = 978-3-910132-29-0| last1 = Apfelstedt| first1 = F.| last2 = Apfelstedt| first2 = Heinrich Friedrich Theodor| title = Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit| date = 1996}}</ref>
* '''[[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]'''
** Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794{{snd}}19 August 1835)
* '''[[Principality of Reuss-Greiz]]'''
** [[Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz]] (12 May 1778-28 June 1800)
* [[Waldeck (state)|'''Waldeck and Pyrmont''']]
** [[Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Friedrich Karl August]]  (29 August 1763{{snd}}24 September 1812)
=== Duchies ===
* [[Anhalt-Dessau|'''Duke of Anhalt-Dessau''']]
** [[Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau|Leopold III]] (16 December 1751{{snd}}9 August 1817)<ref>J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.</ref>
* '''[[Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]'''
** Duke of [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]] (1780–1826)  - [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick]]<ref name="genea" />
* '''[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]'''
** [[Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (16 September 1764 – 8 September 1800)
* '''[[Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]'''
** [[Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Georg I]] (1782–1803)<ref name="Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php|title=Biografie Georg I (German)|publisher=Meininger Museen|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php|archive-date=15 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]]'''
** [[Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck|Frederick Charles Louis]] (24 February 1775{{snd}}25 March 1816)<ref name="Albinus">{{cite book|last=Albinus|first=Robert|title=Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung|publisher=Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg|year=1985|isbn=3-7921-0320-6|location=Leer|pages=371|language=de}}</ref>
* '''[[Kingdom of Württemberg|Duke of Württemberg]]'''
** [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]] (20 May 1795 – 23 December 1797)
** [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]] (22 December 1797{{snd}}30 October 1816)<ref>{{Cite book|last=David|first=Saul|url=http://archive.org/details/princeofpleasure00davi|title=Prince of pleasure: the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency|date=1998|publisher=New York : Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-87113-739-5|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
===Other===
* '''[[Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]]'''
** [[Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis I]] (6 April 1790{{snd}}14 August 1806)<ref name="genea">{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA38|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=38}}</ref>
== Events ==
*[[26 January]] – The Treaty of the [[Third Partition of Poland]] is signed in St. Petersburg by the [[Russian Empire]], [[Hapsburg Monarchy|Austria]] and the [[Kingdom of Prussia]].
*[[12 February]] – "[[Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser]]" is first performed, with the music composed in January by [[Joseph Haydn]], which also becomes the tune to the [[Deutschlandlied]], the German national anthem (''Deutschland, Deutschland über alles'', later ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit'').
*[[16 November]] – The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as [[Frederick William III of Prussia|Fredrick William III]].<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Frederick William II. of Prussia |volume=11 |pages=64–65 |inline=1}}</ref>
== Births ==
[[File:Droste-Hülshoff 2.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]]]]
*[[4 January]] – [[Wilhelm Beer]], German banker, astronomer (d. 1850)
*[[5 January]] – [[Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein]], Prussian general (d. 1885)
*[[10 January]] – [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], German writer (d. 1848)
*[[11 January]] – [[Carl Rottmann]], German landscape painter, the most famous member of the Rottmann family of painters (d. 1850)
*[[26 January]] – [[Therese Albertine Luise Robinson]], German-American author (d. 1870)
*[[29 January]] – [[Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]], Prussian nobleman (d. 1873)
*[[2 February]] – [[Bertha Zück]], German-born treasurer of Queen Josephine of Sweden (d. 1868)
*[[6 February]] – [[Joseph von Radowitz]], conservative Prussian statesman, general (d. 1853)
*[[15 February]] – [[Henry Engelhard Steinway]], German-American piano manufacturer (d. 1871)
*[[23 February]] – [[Heinrich Halfeld]], German engineer (d. 1873)
*[[3 March]] – [[Gotthilf Hagen]], German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics (d. 1884)
*[[5 March]] – [[Friedrich von Gerolt]], Prussian Privy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States (d. 1879)
*[[21 March]] – [[Johann Andreas Wagner]], German palaeontologist (d. 1861)
*[[22 March]]
** [[Eduard Gans]], German jurist (d. 1839)
** Emperor [[Wilhelm I of Germany]] (d. 1888)
*[[27 March]] – [[Heinrich LXXII, Prince Reuss of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf]] (d. 1853)
*[[5 April]] – [[Karl August Devrient]], German stage actor best known for performances of Schiller and Shakespeare (d. 1872)
*[[12 April]] – [[Ernst August Hagen]], Prussian art writer, novelist (d. 1880)
*[[23 April]] – [[Ernst Ferdinand Oehme]], German Romantic painter, illustrator (d. 1855)
*[[26 April]] – [[Albert Seerig]], German surgeon, anatomist (d. 1862)
*[[3 May]] – [[Heinrich Berghaus]], German geographer (d. 1884)
*[[11 May]] – [[Ernst Meyer (painter)|Ernst Meyer]], German-born Danish genre painter of Jewish ancestry (d. 1861)
*[[12 May]] – [[Johann Hermann Kufferath]], German composer (d. 1864)
*[[18 May]] – [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony]] (d. 1854)
*[[30 May]]
** [[Johann Christian Lobe]], German composer, music theorist (d. 1881)
** [[Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann]], German mineralogist (d. 1873)
*[[20 June]] – [[Karolina Gerhardinger]], German Roman Catholic professed religious, established the School Sisters of Notre Dame  (d. 1879)
*[[12 July]] – [[Adele Schopenhauer]], German author (d. 1849)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scherenschnitt.org/schopenhauer/ |title=Adele Schopenhauer |last=Weber |first=Christa |date=November 21, 2009 |website=Deutscher Scherenschnittverein e.V. [German papercut art] |access-date=June 7, 2014 }}</ref>
*[[20 July]] – [[Gotthard Fritzsche]], Prussian-Australian pastor (d. 1863)
*[[25 July]] – [[Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel]] (d. 1889)
*[[5 August]] – [[Friedrich August Kummer]], German violoncellist, pedagogue and composer (d. 1879)
*[[6 August]] – [[August Wilhelm Stiehler]], German government official, paleobotanist (d. 1878)
*[[7 August]] – [[Justin von Linde]], German jurist, statesman from the Grand Duchy of Hesse (d. 1870)
*[[9 August]] – [[Christian Wilhelm Niedner]], German church historian, theologian (d. 1865)
*[[10 August]] – [[Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini]], German botanist (d. 1848)
*[[28 August]] – [[Karl Otfried Müller]], German scholar, Philodorian (d. 1840)
*[[10 September]] – [[Franz Krüger]], German (Prussian) painter, lithographer (d. 1857)
*[[16 September]] – [[Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert]], German businessman (d. 1877)
*[[17 September]] – [[Heinrich Kuhl]], German naturalist, zoologist (d. 1821)
*[[24 September]] – [[Carl Peter Wilhelm Gramberg]], German theologian, biblical scholar (d. 1830)
[[File:Heinrich Heine-Oppenheim.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Heinrich Heine]]]]
*[[3 October]] – [[Ludwig Förster]], German-born Austrian architect (d. 1863)
*[[10 October]] – [[August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff|- August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff]], Prussian diplomat (d. 1874)
*[[15 October]]
** [[Johann Gottlieb Fleischer]], German botanist and ornithologist (d. 1838)
** [[Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Heyse]], German philologist (d. 1855)
*[[26 October]] – [[Johann Adam Philipp Hepp]], German physician, lichenologist (d. 1867)
*[[30 October]] – [[Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg]] (d. 1829)
*[[14 November]]
** [[Moses M. Haarbleicher]], German-Jewish poet, critic (d. 1869)
** [[Justus Radius]], German pathologist, ophthalmologist (d. 1884)
*[[13 December]] – [[Heinrich Heine]], German poet (d. 1856)<ref>{{NDB|8|286|291|Heine, Heinrich|Galley, Eberhard|118548018}}</ref>
*[[14 December]] – [[Emil Huschke]], German anatomist and embryologist (d. 1858)
*[[15 December]] – [[Karl Friedrich Theodor Krause]], German anatomist (d. 1868)
*[[18 December]] – [[August Friedrich Wilhelm Forchhammer]], jurist and historian from the Duchy of Schleswig (d. 1870)
*[[26 December]] – [[Johann Gustav Heckscher]], German politician (d. 1865)
== Deaths ==
*[[13 January]] – [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern]], queen consort of Prussia (b. 1715)
*[[22 February]] – [[Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Münchhausen]], German officer and adventurer (b. 1720)
*[[7 March]] – [[Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey]], German writer (b. 1711)
*[[12 April]] – [[Johann Georg Bach]], German organist (b. 1751)<ref>{{cite book|author=Johann Sebastian Bach|title=The origin of the family of Bach musicians: Ursprung der musicalisch-Bachischen familie|publisher=Oxford University Press, H. Milford|year=1929}}</ref>
*[[12 August]] – [[Gotthelf Greiner]], glassmaker (born 1732)<ref>{{NDB|7|38|39|Greiner, Gotthelf|Herbert Kühnert}}</ref>
*[[4 October]] – [[Johann Christian Georg Bodenschatz]], German Protestant theologian (born 1717)
*[[6 October]] – [[Johann Matthäus Hassencamp]], German Orientalist and theologian (born 1743)
*[[16 November]] – King [[Frederick William II of Prussia]] (b. 1744)<ref name=EB1911/>
*[[27 November]] – [[Johann Baptist Wendling]], Alsatian-born flute player, composer of the Mannheim School (b. 1723)
*[[23 December]] – [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]] (b. 1732)
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1797}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Germany]]
[[Category:1797 in the Holy Roman Empire| ]]
[[Category:1797 by country|Germany]]
[[Category:1797 in Europe|Germany]]