View source for 1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons

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{{hurricane season decade|1820}}
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==1820 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Hurricane One===
'''The Winyaw Hurricane of 1820''' September 8-10. A minimal hurricane moved from [[Florida]] on September 8 northward to hit near the border of [[North Carolina]] and [[South Carolina]] on September 10. It caused only minor damage. Part of cluster of hurricanes struck Charleston area in 1804, 1811, 1813, 1820, and 1822.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 113-114</ref> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #260</ref>
===Hurricane Two===
September 26–October 1. A hurricane was sighted at [[Dominica]] on September 26 before moving west-northwest through [[Hispaniola]], then across the southwest Atlantic to South Carolina on October 1.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #261</ref>
==1821 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Tropical Storm One===
September 1-9. A tropical storm moved westward across the Caribbean, from Guadeloupe on September 1 to western Cuba on September 9. <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #262</ref>
===Hurricane Two===
'''The Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane of 1821'''
{{Main|1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane}}
The [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] and [[Long Island]] Hurricane was a deadly hurricane that rapidly moved up the Atlantic coast during the first few days of September. It included a hurricane landfall within the modern borders of [[New York City]], the only recorded case of a hurricane eyewall moving directly over New York City to date. It caused 200 deaths, and is estimated to have been a Category 4 hurricane.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 81-86</ref><ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #263</ref><ref name="Americas 2017, pg 221">Greatest and Deadliest Hurricanes of the Caribbean and the Americas, Neely 2017, pg 221</ref>
It was from the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane that [[William Charles Redfield|William C. Redfield]] published his first account in the ''American Journal of Science'' and presented his first evidence that hurricanes had counter-clockwise rotation of destructive winds, but also traveled at a moderate forward speed. Redfield determined this from analysis of tree fall patterns he examined post hurricane in the New England forests that were impacted from the hurricane. This also corroborated [[John Farrar (scientist)|John Farrar]]'s previously published work a few years earlier in 1819 that a hurricane was a rotating counter-clockwise vortex. Redfield determined that hurricanes formed east of the Leeward Islands and then travel westwards at a moderate speed. [[William Reid (British Army officer)|William Reid]] of the Royal Engineers built on Redfield's work by studying logs of ships affected by the [[Great Hurricane of 1780]].<ref name="Americas 2017, pg 221"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noaahrd.wordpress.com/2016/07/01/185th-anniversary-of-redfields-article-on-hurricane-circulation/|title=185th Anniversary of Redfield's article on hurricane circulation|date=July 2016}}</ref>
===Hurricane Three===
'''The Middle Gulf Hurricane of 1821''' Later in September, from the 15th–17th, a strong hurricane hit [[Mississippi]]. This was a very large storm, bringing storm surge flooding from [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]] to what is now Wakulla and Taylor Counties, Florida. 11 of the 13 vessels in the harbor at [[Pensacola Bay]] were lost, causing 35 deaths.<ref name="CHENOPOEY">Michael Chenoweth. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Chenoweth/chenoweth06.pdf A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity: 1700–1855.] Retrieved on 2007-02-18.</ref><ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 138-140</ref> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #264</ref>
==1822 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Tropical Storm One===
'''The Early Tropical Storm of 1822''' July 7-9. A hurricane struck the central Gulf coast between July 7 and July 9.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 140</ref><ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #265</ref>
=== Hurricane Two===
A minimal hurricane was centered offshore from the Carolinas coastline in August. <ref> Atlantic Hurricanes, Dunn and Miller (1964 edit) </ref>
===Hurricane Three===
'''The Carolina Hurricane of 1822''' This hurricane moved north-northwest from the [[Bahamas]] on September 25 to hit [[Charleston, South Carolina]], on September 27. It claimed the lives of hundreds of slaves who found themselves trapped in the low-lying Santee Delta, miles from higher ground and with no shelter. It caused 300 (or more) deaths, but managed to break a drought in the Richmond area. Part of cluster of hurricanes struck Charleston area in 1804, 1811, 1813, 1820, and 1822.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 114-116</ref><ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #266</ref> Fifteen members of the Myers family drowned after their [[Georgetown, South Carolina|Georgetown]] home was swept into the ocean. The family's sole survivor, [[Mordecai Myers]], buried the victims, which included his parents.<ref name=bodziner>{{Cite journal |last=Bodziner |first=Merry |date=1976-07-01 |title=Mordecai Myers |url=https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/sav-bios-lane/215 |journal=Savannah Biographies}}</ref>
===Hurricane Four===
From October 20 to the 22, a hurricane hit [[Virginia]], causing heavy damage and winds in the [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] area.
===Hurricane Five===
An Atlantic hurricane struck the [[River Mersey]] in England on December 5 and 6, as evidenced by the gravestone of Nelson Burt (nine-year-old son of [[Albin R. Burt]]) in the churchyard of [[St Lawrence's Church, Stoak]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://naturalistsnotebook.mnapage.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/34-SU-canal-Nelson-Burt.jpg |title=Gravestone of Nelson Burt |access-date=31 October 2014}}</ref>
===Hurricane Six===
A rare December hurricane moved through the eastern [[Caribbean Sea]] and eventually into [[Venezuela]] between December 13 and December 22.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #267</ref>
==1823 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Tropical Storm One===
A tropical storm moved from Curaçao on July 8 to near Jamaica on July 10.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #268</ref>
===Tropical Storm Two===
A tropical storm moved south of Jamaica on August 2 and 3.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #269</ref>
===Hurricane Three===
September 11-14. A hurricane which formed in the west-central [[Gulf of Mexico]] on September 11 moved slowly northeast, striking the central Gulf coast on September 14.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #270</ref>
==1824 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Hurricane One===
'''The Georgia Coastal Hurricane of 1824''' or '''Hurricane San Pedro of 1824''' September 7-15. A severe hurricane was sighted at [[Guadeloupe]] on September 7 and moved across the northeast [[Lesser Antilles]]. It passed very near south coast of Puerto Rico on September 9 and the southwest [[Atlantic]] to hit [[Florida]] on September 13, passing inland near [[Cape Florida]] and returning to sea near [[Cape Canaveral]]. A ship carrying the contractor and supplies for building three lighthouses in Florida was lost, possibly sunk by this storm. <ref>{{cite journal|last=Gaby|first=Donald C.|title=Miami's Earliest Known Great Hurricane|journal=Tequesta|year=1974|volume=XXXIV|pages=65–67|url=http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1974/74_1_06.pdf|access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref>  The storm then went ashore in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and South Carolina on September 14, causing 100 deaths. It washed out all bridges between [[Darien, Georgia|Darien]] and [[Savannah, Georgia]]. Moving northward, it hit Savannah and South Carolina before going out to sea. Because hurricanes were somewhat frequent, residents were used to evacuating the area. Those who did not evacuate saw the destruction caused by this strong hurricane. This is likely one of the strongest hurricanes to hit Georgia in its history.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 116-118</ref> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #271</ref>
===Tropical Storm Two===
Between September 26 and 27, a tropical storm moved south of Jamaica. <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #272</ref>
==1825 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Hurricane One===
'''Charleston Hurricane of 1825''' May 28–June 5. A tropical storm formed south of [[Santo Domingo]] on May 28. It moved across Cuba on 1 June, and while moving across [[Florida]] it caused heavy winds on June 3. When it reached the western Atlantic it rapidly strengthened, hitting [[Charleston, South Carolina]] as a hurricane on June 4-5. The storm lost strength as it began moving up the U.S. East coast and out over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. <ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 87-88, 118-119</ref> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #273</ref>
===Hurricane Two===
On July 6, a moderate hurricane hit [[Puerto Rico]], destroying six villages.
===Hurricane Three===
'''1825 Santa Ana hurricane''' July 25–August 2. On July 26, a powerful hurricane struck [[Guadeloupe]] and continued west-northwestward to hit Puerto Rico, causing 1,300 deaths, before tracking to the west of Bermuda by August 2. The Santa Ana hurricane may have been one of the most intense cyclones to strike Puerto Rico in the last few hundred years.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Donnelly |first=J. P. |year=2005 |title=Evidence of Past Intense Tropical Cyclones from Backbarrier Salt Pond Sediments: A Case Study from Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico, USA |journal=Journal of Coastal Research |volume=SI42 |pages=201–210 |url=http://www.whoi.edu/science/GG/coastal/publications/pdfs/Donnelly%20JCR%202005-Hurricane.pdf }}</ref> No atmospheric pressure readings are available from Puerto Rico; however, a minimum pressure of {{convert|918|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|lk=on}} in Guadeloupe indicates that the storm was potentially a Category 5 strength hurricane (there are no officially observed Category 5 hurricanes before [[1924 Cuba hurricane|1924]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Historia de los huracanes en Puerto Rico |last=Solá |first=Edwin Miner |year=1995 |publisher=Solá |location=San Juan |isbn=0-9633435-1-3 }}</ref> Meteorological historian Jose Fernandez-Partagás suggests that this reading may have been inaccurate and was more likely around {{convert|28.10|inHg|mb|abbr=on}}. This is assuming that the first measurement of the observer registered drop of {{convert|1.86|mb|inHg|abbr=on}} occurred before the storm, at a pressure of {{convert|30.0|inHg|mb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="PressRecord">{{cite report|date=December 9, 1993|last=Fernández-Partagás|first=José|title=Impact on hurricane history of a revised lowest pressure at Havana (Cuba) during the October 11, 1846 hurricane|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/impacthurrhist.pdf|location=[[Coral Gables, Florida]]|via=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|AOML]]}}</ref> See [[List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes]]. <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #274</ref>
===Hurricane Four===
September 28–October 3. A hurricane struck [[Haiti]] on September 28 and moved northwestward into northeast Florida by October 3.<ref name="CHENOPOEY"/> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #275</ref>
===Hurricane Five===
During November 17 and 18, the schooner ''Harvest'' was wrecked on the North Carolina coast, probably near [[Nags Head, North Carolina|Nags Head]], and five or more persons were killed in what may have been a late season hurricane.
==1826 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Hurricane One===
A hurricane hit the [[Cayman Islands]] and western Cuba on August 27, causing 33 deaths.
===Tropical Storm Two===
August 31-September 10. A tropical storm spotted near [[Dominica]] on August 31 moved west-northwest to Jamaica before moving northward to the [[Grand Banks]] by September 10. <ref name="CHENOPOEY"/> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #276</ref>
===Hurricane Three===
{{main|1826 Canary Islands storm}}
A strong hurricane devastated [[Orotava Valley]], [[Tenerife]], and the rest of the [[Canary Islands]] off north Africa in November. About 500 – 1,000 dead from the hurricane.
==1827 Atlantic hurricane season==
=== Hurricane One===
A minimal hurricane was reported near [[North Carolina]] on July 30.<ref> Atlantic Hurricanes, Dunn and Miller (1964 edit) </ref>
===Tropical Storm Two===
'''Tropical Storm San Jacinto of 1827''' August 17-23. A hurricane struck [[Antigua]] and Puerto Rico on August 17, and moved westward to Jamaica before continuing westward to Vera Cruz, Mexico. <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #277</ref>
===Hurricane Three===
'''The Great North Carolina Hurricane of 1827'''
{{Main|1827 North Carolina hurricane}}
August 20-27. A hurricane formed over the [[Windward Islands]] on August 18. It moved northwest through the Bahamas on the 21st, and hit [[Cape Hatteras]] on August 24.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Hurricanes of North Carolina |last=Hairr |first=John |year=2008 |publisher=History Press |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=978-1-59629-391-5 |pages=49–54 }}</ref> It moved up the [[Chesapeake Bay]], causing higher than normal tides, and eventually through [[New England]] by August 27. This is known as the [[St. Kitts]] Hurricane.<ref>Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 119-120</ref> <ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #278</ref>
===Hurricane Four===
August 19. A hurricane struck [[Belize City]] on August 19, 1827, and “drove all ships on shore at Belize.”<ref>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=T. |year=1842 |title=The East Coast of Yucatan |journal=[[The Nautical Magazine]] |volume=11 |pages=334–338 }}</ref> It has been identified as ‘Event 5’ in Belizean sedimentary records by McCloskey and Keller.<ref name="McCloskey2008">{{cite journal |last=McCloskey |first=T. A. |author2=Keller, G. |year=2009 |title=5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize |journal=Quaternary International |volume=195 |issue=1–2 |pages=53–68 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003 |bibcode = 2009QuInt.195...53M }}</ref>
===Hurricane Five===
August 27-September 5. A hurricane moved through the northern Leeward islands to northwest [[Florida]] from August 27 to September 5.<ref name="CHENOPOEY"/><ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #279</ref>
===Tropical Storm Six===
August 29-September 8. A tropical storm moved through the southwest Atlantic between the [[West Indies]] and Bermuda from August 29 to September 8.<ref name="CHENOPOEY"/><ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #280</ref>
==1828 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Hurricane One===
September 15-20. A hurricane moved from the northern [[Lesser Antilles]] on September 15 northward by Bermuda on September 19, where it caused a "severe gale" and sank 3 ships, before moving into the north Atlantic shipping lanes.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #281</ref> <ref name="CHENOPOEY"/>
==1829 Atlantic hurricane season==
===Tropical Storm One===
July 9-13. A tropical storm moved through the Gulf of Mexico between July 9 and 13.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #282</ref>
===Hurricane Two===
August 23-30. A minimal hurricane moved through [[South Carolina]] and the [[Outer Banks]] of [[North Carolina]] before moving northwest of Bermuda during the last week of August.<ref>Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #283</ref> <ref name="CHENOPOEY"/>
===Hurricane Three===
September 10. A hurricane hit the mouth of the [[Rio Grande]], [[Port Isabel, Texas]] and [[Brazos Island|Brazos Island, Texas]] on September 10 and those areas saw great destruction while other surrounding towns had higher than normal tides.
===Hurricane Four===
October 26. A hurricane hit [[Saint Barthélemy|St. Barts]] on October 26, possibly sinking one ship.
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[Lists of Atlantic hurricanes]]
*[[Atlantic hurricane season]]
==References==
===World Wide Web===
{{Reflist}}
===Books===
Terry Tucker. <u>Beware the Hurricane! The Story of the Gyratory Tropical Storms That Have Struck Bermuda</u>. Bermuda: Hamilton Press, 1966, p.&nbsp;87–89.
==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20051225012719/http://www.wavy.com/Global/story.asp?S=90814
*https://web.archive.org/web/20051124024153/http://www.lbi.net/rlw/hurrican.asp
*http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml
*http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/vaerly19hur.htm
*http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/txhur.pdf
*http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf
*http://www.candoo.com/genresources/hurricane.htm
{{1800-1859 Atlantic hurricane seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1820-1829 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons}}
[[Category:1820s Atlantic hurricane seasons| ]]
[[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons by decade|1820s]]