View source for 2022 AP7

{{Short description|Kilometer-sized Apollo asteroid}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|2022 AP|7}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet     = yes
| name            = {{mp|2022 AP|7}}
| background      = #FFC2E0
| image           =
| image_size      =
| caption         =
| discovery_ref   = <ref name="MPEC2022-B21"/>
| discoverer      = [[Scott S. Sheppard|S. S. Sheppard]]
| discovery_site  = [[Cerro Tololo Observatory]]
| discovered      = 13 January 2022
| mpc_name        = {{mp|2022 AP|7}}
| alt_names       =
| pronounced      =
| named_after     =
| mp_category     = [[Near-Earth object|NEO]]{{·}}[[Apollo asteroid|Apollo]]{{·}}[[Potentially hazardous asteroid|PHA]]<ref name=MPC>[https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2022+AP7 2022 AP7] at [[Minor Planet Center]], retrieved 31 October 2022</ref>
| orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch           = 9 August 2022 ([[Julian day|JD]]&nbsp;2459800.5)
| observation_arc = 4.86 yr (1,774 days)
| earliest_precovery_date = 20 December 2017
| uncertainty     = 1
| aphelion        = 5.015 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion      = 0.833 AU
| time_periastron = 30 March 2022
| semimajor       = 2.924 AU
| eccentricity    = 0.7151
| period          = 5.00&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]<ref name=jpldata/>
| mean_anomaly    = 25.857[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.1971241|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination     = 13.835°
| asc_node        = 192.377°
| arg_peri        = 113.590°
| moid            = {{Convert|0.04716|AU|km LD|abbr=on}}
| mars_moid       = {{Convert|0.07344|AU|km LD|abbr=on}}<ref name=MPC/>
| jupiter_moid    = {{Convert|1.19258|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mean_diameter   = {{val|1.1|-|2.3|u=km}}{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}}{{efn|name=range|Diameter range based on [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies (H)|absolute magnitude]] of
17.1 and assumed [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]] range of 0.20 to 0.05.}}<br />{{val|1.2|u=km}}<ref name=esa/>{{efn|name=esa-size|An [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies (H)|absolute magnitude]] of 17.3 and assumed [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.14 gives a diameter of {{cvt|1231|m|km}} (or ≈{{val|1.2|u=km}} after rounding). PHAs brighter than absolute magnitude 17.75 are likely larger than 1 km in size.}}
| rotation        =
| albedo          =
| spectral_type   =
| magnitude       =
| abs_magnitude   = {{val|17.1|0.2}}{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}}<ref name="jpldata"/><br />17.3 {{small|(MPC)}}<ref name=MPC/>
}}
'''{{mp|2022 AP|7}}''' is a kilometer-sized [[Apollo asteroid]] and [[potentially hazardous object]] orbiting between [[Venus]] and [[Jupiter]]. It was discovered on 13 January 2022 by [[Scott S. Sheppard|Scott Sheppard]] at [[Cerro Tololo Observatory]].<ref name="MPEC2022-B21"/> Based on its [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies (H)|absolute magnitude (H)]], {{mp|2022 AP|7}} is [[Potentially hazardous object#Statistics|likely the largest potentially hazardous object]] identified in the eight years prior to its 2022 discovery.{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}}{{efn|{{mp|2014 LJ|21}} was discovered on 5 June 2014 and has an absolute magnitude of 16.05<ref>[https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=533671 2014 LJ21] at Minor Planet Center, accessed 31 October 2022</ref> with an estimated diameter of ≈2.2 km. Another potentially hazardous asteroid similar in size to {{mp|2022 AP|7}} is {{mp|2022 RX|3}} (absolute magnitude of 17.64)<ref>[https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2022+RX3 2022 RX3] at Minor Planet Center, accessed 1 November 2022</ref> estimated to be ≈1.1 km in diameter.}}
== Discovery ==
{{mp|2022 AP|7}} was discovered as part of Sheppard's twilight survey for near-Earth asteroids interior to Earth and Venus, using [[Cerro Tololo Observatory]]'s [[Dark Energy Camera]].<ref name="MPEC2022-B21"/> Notable discoveries from this survey include the [[Atira asteroid]]s {{mpl|2021 LJ|4}} and {{mpl|2021 PH|27}}, the latter of which holds the record for the shortest orbital period of any known asteroid {{as of|2022|lc=y}}.{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}}
== Orbit and classification ==
{{mp|2022 AP|7}} is considered "potentially hazardous" only because of its large size and low Earth [[minimum orbit intersection distance]] (MOID) just within {{Convert|0.05|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit|lk=on}}.<ref name=jpldata/>{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}} However, the asteroid does not currently make notable close approaches to Earth because it is in a 1:5 [[orbital resonance#Coincidental 'near' ratios of mean motion|near orbital resonance]] with Earth,{{sfn|USA Today|2022}} which means it nearly takes exactly 5.0 years to orbit the Sun in a highly [[elliptical orbit]].<ref name=jpldata/> This resonance regularly puts it in positions where observational conditions are unfavorable; the asteroid is obscured by the Sun's glare when it becomes brightest near perihelion at low [[solar elongation]]s and can be fainter at [[opposition (astronomy)|opposition]] when it is farther from Earth.{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}} As a result, {{mp|2022 AP|7}} could only be efficiently searched at twilight when at its brightest; the asteroid was 45 degrees from the Sun and 1.9&nbsp;AU from Earth when it was discovered.{{sfn|Sheppard et al.|2022}}<ref name="Discovery2022"/> The asteroid made its closest approach 1.47&nbsp;AU from Earth on 7 March 2022.<ref name="closest approach"/> The asteroid will not come this close to Earth again until March 2027.<ref name="Horizons"/> By May 2022, when the asteroid was 1&nbsp;AU from the Sun and near the [[ecliptic]], Earth was on the other side of the Sun, 1.9&nbsp;AU from the asteroid.<ref name="Ecliptic2022"/>
The asteroid is not [[Sentry (monitoring system)|risk listed]]. {{mp|2022 AP|7}}'s orbit is well-determined and will guarantee only distant approaches beyond {{Convert|1.1|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}} of Jupiter over the next 146 years.<ref name=jpldata/>{{sfn|USA Today|2022}} The asteroid will also pass {{Convert|0.16|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}} from Mars on 9 May 2107.<ref name="Mars2107"/> Nominally the asteroid will not approach 1 AU from Earth until April 2332.<ref name="Earth2332"/> Over the next several centuries if not thousands of years, repeated [[perturbations (astronomy)|perturbations]] by these encounters will eventually break the 1:5 near orbital resonance of {{mp|2022 AP|7}}, potentially leading to an impact with Earth.{{sfn|NYT|2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 0.9em;"
|+{{mp|2022 AP|7}} Closest Approaches 2022–2150<br />(Earth has the farthest approach)
!Object
!Date
!Nearest approach ([[astronomical unit|AU]])
|-
|[[Mars]] ||2107-05-09 ||{{Convert|0.16|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit|lk=on}}<ref name="Mars2107"/>
|-
|[[Venus]] ||2147-04-22 ||{{Convert|0.23|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}}<ref name="Venus2147"/>
|-
|[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] ||2062-03-07 ||{{Convert|0.44|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}}<ref name="Mercury2062"/>
|-
|[[Sun]] ||2057-03-26 ||{{Convert|0.82|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}}<ref name="Perihelion2057"/>
|-
|[[Jupiter]] ||2109-09-30 ||{{Convert|1.19|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}}<ref name=jpldata/>
|-
|[[Earth]] ||2052-03-12 ||{{Convert|1.37|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit}}<ref name="Earth2052"/>
|}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="MPEC2022-B21">{{cite web
|title=MPEC 2022-B21 : 2022 AP7
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|date=2022-01-23
|url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K22/K22B21.html
|access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref>
<ref name=jpldata>{{cite web
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2022 AP7)
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2022AP7&view=OPC
|publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate=2021-10-31}}</ref>
<ref name=esa>{{cite web
|title=ESA Summary: 2022AP7
|publisher=[[European Space Agency]]
|url=https://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?sum=1&des=2022AP7
|access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Ecliptic2022">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for 1au at ecliptic
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272022-05-06%27&STOP_TIME=%272022-05-07%27&STEP_SIZE=%272%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%279,19,20,23%27
|accessdate=2022-11-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Discovery2022">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for January 2022 Range and Solar Elongation
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272022-01-10%27&STOP_TIME=%272022-01-18%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720,23%27
|accessdate=2022-11-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for 2022 to 2055
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272022-01-12%27&STOP_TIME=%272055-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20month%27&QUANTITIES=%279,20%27
|accessdate=2022-10-31}} (text search: "n.a.  1.4")</ref>
<ref name="Mars2107">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Mars 2107
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272107-May-08%27&STOP_TIME=%272107-May-10%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@499%27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103114742/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272107-May-08%27&STOP_TIME=%272107-May-10%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@499%27
|archive-date=2022-11-03
|url-status=live
|accessdate=2022-11-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Earth2052">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Earth 2052
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272052-03-10%27&STOP_TIME=%272052-03-14%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104071908/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272052-03-10%27&STOP_TIME=%272052-03-14%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27
|archive-date=2022-11-04
|url-status=live
|accessdate=2022-11-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Venus2147">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Venus 2147
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272147-04-20%27&STOP_TIME=%272147-04-24%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@299%27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104072056/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272147-04-20%27&STOP_TIME=%272147-04-24%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@299%27
|archive-date=2022-11-04
|url-status=live
|accessdate=2022-11-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Mercury2062">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Mercury 2062
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272062-03-05%27&STOP_TIME=%272062-03-09%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@199%27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104072243/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272062-03-05%27&STOP_TIME=%272062-03-09%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@199%27
|archive-date=2022-11-04
|url-status=live
|accessdate=2022-11-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Perihelion2057">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Sun 2057 (Perihelion)
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272057-03-24%27&STOP_TIME=%272057-03-28%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27
|accessdate=2022-11-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Earth2332">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for Earth 2332
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272332-04-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272332-05-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104173632/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272332-04-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272332-05-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27
|archive-date=2022-11-04
|url-status=live
|accessdate=2022-11-06}}</ref>
<ref name="closest approach">{{cite web
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272022+AP7%27&START_TIME=%272022-03-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272022-03-31%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%279,20%27
|title=JPL/HORIZONS (2022 AP7)
|access-date=6 October 2024
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist-->
===Sources===
*{{cite web|website=[[Gizmodo]]|title=Scientists Find Potentially Hazardous Asteroid Hiding in the Sun's Glare|quote=At nearly 1.5 kilometers wide, it's the largest such asteroid discovered in eight years.|author=Isaac Schultz|date=31 October 2022|url=https://gizmodo.com/scientists-find-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-hiding-i-1849722873}}
*{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title='Planet Killer' Asteroid Spotted That Poses Distant Risk to Earth|author=Robin George Andrews|date=31 October 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/31/science/asteroid-planet-killer.html|ref={{harvid|NYT|2022}}}}
*{{cite news|publisher=CNN|title='Planet killer' asteroid spotted hiding in the sun's glare|author=Ashley Strickland|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/31/world/potentially-hazardous-near-earth-asteroid-scn/index.html|date=31 October 2022|ref={{harvid|CNN|2022}}}}
*{{citation|title=A Deep and Wide Twilight Survey for Asteroids Interior to Earth and Venus|author=[[Scott S. Sheppard]] |display-authors=etal |date=29 September 2022|publisher=American Astronomical Society|journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]]|volume=164|number=4|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac8cff|doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Sheppard et al.|2022}}|hdl=10261/296405|hdl-access=free}}
*{{cite web|website=[[Space.com]]|title='Planet killer' asteroid found hiding in sun's glare may one day hit Earth
|author=Tereza Pultarova |date=31 October 2022|url=https://www.space.com/dangerous-asteroid-discovered-in-sun-glare|ref={{harvid|Space.com|2022}}}}
*{{cite news|title='Planet killer' asteroids nearly a mile long detected after being hidden by the sun's brightness|author1=Scott Gleeson |author2=Jordan Mendoza|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 1, 2022|quote='It remains very far from Earth, kind of locked in a resonance<!-- typo in original: "residence"--> that keeps it as being actually one of the most distant of the asteroids that we categorize as potentially hazardous.' ... 2022 AP7 is only projected to have close approaches to Mars and Jupiter in the next 145 years [not Earth].|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2022/11/01/planet-killer-asteroids-near-earth/10657903002/|ref={{harvid|USA Today|2022}}}}
* {{JPL small body|id=54239714}}
==External links==
*[https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?utf8=%E2%9C%93&object_id=2022+AP7 2022 AP7] at [[Minor Planet Center]]
{{2022 in space}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2022 AP7}}
[[Category:Apollo asteroids|#]]
[[Category:Potentially hazardous asteroids|#]]
[[Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)]]
[[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2022|20220307]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Scott S. Sheppard|#]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2022|20220113]]