View source for 2956 Yeomans

{{Short description|Stony asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet     = yes
| name            = 2956 Yeomans
| background      = #D6D6D6
| image           =
| image_size      =
| caption         =
| discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer      = [[Edward Bowell|E. Bowell]]
| discovery_site  = [[Anderson Mesa Station|Anderson Mesa Stn.]]
| discovered      = 28 April 1982
| mpc_name        = (2956) Yeomans
| alt_names       = {{mp|1982 HN|1}}{{·}}1950 JG<br />{{mp|1974 RN|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1977 DL|10}}
| pronounced      =
| named_after     = [[Donald Keith Yeomans]]<br />{{small|(American astronomer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category     = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty     = 0
| observation_arc = 42.45 yr (15,504 days)
| aphelion        = 3.0155 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion      = 2.5142 AU
| semimajor       = 2.7648 AU
| eccentricity    = 0.0907
| period          = 4.60 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,679 days)
| mean_anomaly    = 229.98[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2144|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination     = 2.8688°
| asc_node        = 112.21°
| arg_peri        = 124.34°
| dimensions      = {{val|9.350|0.183}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><br />11.30 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| rotation        = {{val|3.4|0.1}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Aznar-2015a" /><br />{{val|3.509|0.0158}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
| albedo          = 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.292|0.014}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" />
| spectral_type   = [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} Sr&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[S-type asteroid|S]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude   = 12.1<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}12.3<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|12.39|0.07}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|12.878|0.003}} {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
}}
'''2956 Yeomans''', provisional designation {{mp|1982 HN|1}}, is a stony [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 April 1982, by astronomer [[Edward Bowell]] at the [[Anderson Mesa Station]] of the [[Lowell Observatory]] in near Flagstaff, Arizona.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was named after American astronomer [[Donald Keith Yeomans]].<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Yeomans'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the asteroid belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]]. It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.0&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 7 months (1,679 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.09 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
The asteroid was first identified as {{mp|1950 JG}} at the [[Johannesburg Observatory]] in May 1950. The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its identification as {{mp|1974 RN|1}} at [[Crimea–Nauchnij]] in September 1974, almost 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the [[SMASS classification]], ''Yeomans'' is an Sr-subtype that transitions from the stony [[S-type asteroid|S-type]]s to the uncommon [[R-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Rotation period ===
In April 2014, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Yeomans'' was obtained from photometric observations made at the [http://www.aptog.com Isaac Aznar Observatory] in Spain. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 3.4 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Aznar-2015a" /> A similar period of 3.509 hours with an amplitude of 0.24 magnitude was found by astronomers at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in October 2011 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Yeomans'' measures 9.350 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.292.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 11.30 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.1.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after American astronomer [[Donald Keith Yeomans]], a [[Celestial mechanics|celestial mechanician]] at [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]] and [[astrometry]]-expert of the [[International Halley Watch]].<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 18 September 1986 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 11158}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== In popular culture ==
* In the 1995 ''[[Sliders (TV series)|Sliders]]'' first-season episode "[[List of Sliders episodes|Last Days]]", asteroid 2956 Yeomans (misspelled Yeoman in the episode) was the asteroid responsible for almost destroying the Earth by impact.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type       = 2017-02-24 last obs.
|title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2956 Yeomans (1982 HN1)
|url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002956
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914232053/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002956
|archive-date = 14 September 2020
|publisher  = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names  – (2956) Yeomans
|last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher  = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page       = 243
|date       = 2007
|isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2957 |chapter       = (2956) Yeomans }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title      = 2956 Yeomans (1982 HN1)
|work       = Minor Planet Center
|url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2956
|access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work       = Minor Planet Center
|url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2     = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3     = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4     = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5     = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6     = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7     = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8     = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9     = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10    = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11    = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12    = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13    = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14    = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15    = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16    = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17    = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18    = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date       = November 2011
|title      = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume     = 741
|issue      = 2
|page       = 20
|bibcode    = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv      = 1109.4096
|access-date= 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title      = LCDB Data for (2956) Yeomans
|publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2956%7CYeomans
|access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2     = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3     = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4     = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5     = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6     = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7     = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8     = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9     = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10    = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11    = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12    = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13    = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date       = November 2011
|title      = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume     = 741
|issue      = 2
|page       = 25
|bibcode    = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv      = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2     = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3     = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4     = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5     = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6     = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7     = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8     = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9     = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10    = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11    = George |last11 = Helou
|first12    = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13    = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date       = September 2015
|title      = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal    = The Astronomical Journal
|volume     = 150
|issue      = 3
|page       = 35
|bibcode    = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi        = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv      = 1504.04041
|access-date= 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Aznar-2015a">{{Cite journal
|author     = Macias, Amadeo Aznar
|date       = January 2015
|title      = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Isaac Aznar Observatory Aras De Los Olmos, Valencia, Spain
|url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015MPBu...42....4M
|journal    = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume     = 42
|issue      = 1
|pages      = 4–6
|issn       = 1052-8091
|bibcode    = 2015MPBu...42....4M
|access-date= 13 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2     = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3     = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4     = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5     = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6     = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7     = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8     = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9     = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10    = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11    = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12    = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13    = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14    = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15    = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16    = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17    = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date       = November 2015
|title      = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal    = Icarus
|volume     = 261
|pages      = 34–47
|bibcode    = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi        = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv      = 1506.00762
|access-date= 13 September 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [http://aptog.com/?cat=2 APT Asteroid Photometric Survey], query form ([http://aptog.com/?cat=6&orderby=title&order=asc])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|2956}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |2955 Newburn |number=2956 |2957 Tatsuo}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yeomans}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|002956]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Sr-type asteroids (SMASS)|002956]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1982|19820428]]