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{{Short description|Soviet uncrewed Venus and Mars probe design}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class|name=2MV|country=[[Soviet Union]]|operator=[[Soviet Space Program]]|manufacturer=[[OKB-1]]|Succeeded=[[3MV]]|Preceded=[[1MV]]|image=File:Mars 1 NASA.jpg}}
The '''2MV planetary probe''' (short for 2nd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=2MV |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/2mv.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308230209/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/2mv.htm |archive-date=8 March 2016 |website=www.astronautix.com}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
It was an incremental improvement of earlier [[1MV]] probes and was used for the [[Venera 5]] and [[Venera 6]] missions to Venus.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.
All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi1mCYJWBwAC&q=2mv+probe&pg=PA26 | title=Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982| isbn=9780387739830| last1=Ulivi| first1=Paolo| last2=Harland| first2=David M.| date=2007-12-08| publisher=Springer}}</ref> Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.
It was superseded by the [[3MV]] family.
== Design ==
The probe consisted of three primary parts.
===Orbital Compartment===
The core of the stack was a pressurized compartment called the Orbital Compartment measuring 2.1 meters with a diameter of 1.1 meters.
Also mounted on the Orbital Compartment was a parabolic high-gain antenna, used for long-range communications.
===Payloads===
Depending on the mission, the probe would carry specific instruments or a detachable landing module.<ref name="auto"/>
===Engine===
Course correction capabilities were provided by a [[KDU-414]] engine attached to the top of the Orbital Compartment.
==Variants==
*'''2MV-1''': [[Venera 2MV-1 No.1]] ''(Sputnik 19)'', [[Venera 2MV-1 No.2]] ''(Sputnik 20)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venera (2a), (2b) (2MV-1 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-1.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref>
*'''2MV-2''': [[Venera 2MV-2 No.1]] ''(Sputnik 21)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-2.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref>
*'''2MV-4''': [[Mars 2MV-4 No.1]] ''(Sputnik 22)'', [[Mars 1]] ''(Mars 2MV-4 or Sputnik 23)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mars 1 (2MV-4 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-4.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref>
*'''2MV-3''': [[Mars 2MV-3 No.1]] ''(Sputnik 24)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mars (2a) (2MV-3 #1) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-3.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref>
*2V ('''V-69'''): [[Venera 5]] ''(2V (V-69) No.330)'', [[Venera 6]] ''(2V (V-69) No.331)''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Venera 5, 6 (V-69 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-v69.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}</ref>
{{commons}}
== See also ==
* [[Soviet space program]]
* [[Venera]]
* [[1MV]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2MV| ]]
[[Category:Soviet Mars missions]]
[[Category:Soviet Venus missions]]
[[Category:Soviet space probes]]
{{USSR space probes}}