View source for 3-Carene

{{redirect|Carene|the town of ancient Mysia|Carene (Mysia)}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 401944796
| Name = 3-Carene
| ImageFile = File:Carene, 3-.svg
| ImageName = Carene
| ImageSize = 120px
| PIN = 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene
| OtherNames = Δ<sup>3</sup>-Carene<br>Car-3-ene
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10660720
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 506854
| InChI = 1/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h6-8H,4-5H2,1-3H3
| InChIKey = KALFVDDBBPRATR-UHFFFAOYAY
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h6-8H,4-5H2,1-3H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = KALFVDDBBPRATR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 13466-78-9
| PubChem = 26049
| ChEBI = 7
| Beilstein = 1902767
| Gmelin = 663435
| EC_number = 236-719-3
| UNNumber = 2319
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C11382
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = H2M15SNR6N
| SMILES = CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=10|H=16
| Density = 0.86 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<ref name=GESTIS>{{GESTIS|ZVG=570043}}</ref>
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPtC = 170-172
| BoilingPt_ref= <ref name=GESTIS/>
}}
|Section7={{chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|304|315|317|412}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|261|264|272|273|280|301+310|302+352|303+361+353|321|331|332+313|333+313|362|363|370+378|403+235|405|501}}
}}
}}
'''3-Carene''' is a bicyclic [[monoterpene]] consisting of fused [[cyclohexene]] and [[cyclopropane]] rings. It occurs as a constituent of [[turpentine]],<ref name=UllmannEgg>{{Ullmann|author1=M. Eggersdorfer|title=Terpenes|year=2005|doi=10.1002/14356007.a26_205}}</ref> with a content as high as 42% depending on the source. Carene has a sweet and pungent odor,<ref name=Merck>{{cite book | title = [[Merck Index]] | edition = 12th | date = 1996 | id = 1885 | page = 300}}</ref> best described as a combination of [[fir]] needles, musky earth, and damp woodlands.<ref>Mediavilla, Vito, Simon Steinemann, Essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. strains. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 1997, 4(2):80-82.</ref>
A colorless liquid, it is not soluble in water, but miscible with fats and oils.<ref name=Merck/>  It is chiral, occurring naturally both as the [[Racemic mixture|racemate]] and enantio-enriched forms.
==Reactions and uses==
Treatment with [[peracetic acid]] gives 3,4-caranediol. [[Pyrolysis]] over [[ferric oxide]] induces rearrangement, giving [[p-Cymene|''p''-cymene]].  Carene is used in the [[perfume]] industry and as a chemical intermediate.<ref name=UllmannEgg/>
Because carene can be found in [[cannabis]] naturally, it can also be found in cannabis distillates. Greater concentrations of carene in a distillate give it an earthier taste and smell.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Delta 3 Carene? |url=https://ionizationlabs.com/the-cannabis-terpene-carene/ |website=ionizationlabs.com |publisher=Ionization Labs |access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> 3-Carene is also present in [[mango]], giving the fruit a characteristic [[pine]]-like flavor and aroma.
==References==
<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carene, 3-}}
[[Category:Flavors]]
[[Category:Cyclohexenes]]
[[Category:Monoterpenes]]
[[Category:Bicyclic compounds]]
[[Category:Cyclopropanes]]
[[Category:Sweet-smelling chemicals]]
[[Category:Wood extracts]]