View source for 41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák

{{Short description|Periodic comet with 5 year orbit}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox comet
| name=41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
| image=41P Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak near M108 and M97 - 2017-03-22.jpg
| caption = Comet 41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák on 2017, 3 March near the galaxy [[Messier 108]] and [[Owl Nebula]].
| discoverer=[[Horace Parnell Tuttle]]<br/>[[Michel Giacobini]]<br/>[[Ľubor Kresák]]
| discovery_date=May 3, 1858
| designations=1858 III; 1907 III; 1951 IV;<br/> 1962 V; 1973 VI; 1978 XXV;<br/> 1990 II
| epoch=March 6, 2006
| semimajor=3.085 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]]
| perihelion=1.048 AU
| aphelion=5.122 AU
| eccentricity=0.6604
| period=5.419 [[Julian year (astronomy)|a]]
| inclination=  9.2294°
| Earth_moid = {{Convert|0.13|AU|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=jpldata/>
| Jupiter_moid = {{Convert|0.48|AU|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=jpldata/>
| last_p=2022-Sept-12<ref name=mpc/><br/>2017-Apr-12<ref name=mpc/><br/>November 12, 2011<ref name="Yoshida-41p"/><ref name="NK1616"/><br/>(not observed)<ref name="Yoshida-41p-2011"/><br/>June 11, 2006<ref name="Yoshida-41p"/><ref name="NK1616"/>
| next_p=2028-Feb-15<ref name="Horizons2028"/>
}}
'''41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák''' is a [[List of periodic comets|periodic]] [[comet]] in the [[Solar System]]. The [[comet nucleus]] is estimated to be 1.4 kilometers in diameter.<ref name=jpldata/>
Discovered by [[Horace Parnell Tuttle]] on May 3, 1858, and re-discovered independently by [[Michel Giacobini]] and [[Ľubor Kresák]] in 1907 and 1951 respectively, it is a member of the Jupiter family of comets.
== 2006 apparition ==
As of June 1, 2006, Comet 41P was a 10th [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] object for [[telescope]]s, located on the [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancer]]-[[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] border, with a predicted maximum of about 10 at perihelion on June 11. This comet is of interest as it has been noted to flare dramatically. In 1973 the flare was 10 magnitudes brighter than predicted, reaching easy naked-eye visibility at [[apparent magnitude]] 4.<ref name=Kronk/> However, by June 22, the comet had diminished to about magnitude 11, having produced no flare of note.
== 2011 apparition ==
The comet was not observed during the 2011 unfavorable apparition<ref name="Yoshida-41p-2011"/> since the [[Apsis|perihelion]] passage occurred when the comet was on the far side of the Sun.
== 2017 apparition ==
41P was recovered on November 10, 2016, at [[apparent magnitude]] 21 by [[Pan-STARRS]].<ref name=mpc/> On April 1, 2017, the comet passed {{convert|0.142|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the Earth.<ref name=jpl-close/> The comet was expected to brighten to around magnitude 7 and be visible in [[binoculars]].<ref name="Yoshida-41p"/><ref name="ST170104"/>
==Proposed exploration==
In the 1960s [[European Space Research Organisation]] investigated sending a probe to the comet.<ref name=Ulivi89>{{cite book |last1=Ulivi |first1=Paolo |last2=Harland |first2= David M |date=2007 |title=Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982  |publisher=Springer |page=89 |isbn=9780387493268 }}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist
| refs =
<ref name="Yoshida-41p">{{cite web
|date=December 31, 2006
|title=41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak
|publisher=Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog
|author=Seiichi Yoshida
|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0041P/index.html
|access-date=2010-02-28}}</ref>
<ref name="NK1616">{{cite web
|date=May 7, 2008
|title=41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (NK 1616)
|publisher=OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections
|author=Syuichi Nakano
|author-link=Syuichi Nakano
|url=http://www.oaa.gr.jp/~oaacs/nk/nk1616.htm
|access-date=2010-02-28}}</ref>
<ref name=Kronk>[http://www.cometography.com/pcomets/041p.html 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák] (Kronk)</ref>
<ref name=jpldata>{{cite web
|type=August 27, 2006 last obs
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=41P
|publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date=2010-02-28}}</ref>
<ref name="Yoshida-41p-2011">{{cite web
|date=July 22, 2011
|title=41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (2011)
|publisher=Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog
|author=Seiichi Yoshida
|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0041P/2011.html
|access-date=2012-02-18}}</ref>
<ref name=jpl-close>{{cite web
|type=August 27, 2006 last obs
|title=JPL Close-Approach Data: 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=41P;cad=1#cad
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121213142035/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=41P;cad=1%23cad
|archive-date=December 13, 2012
|url-status=live
|access-date=2012-02-22}}</ref>
<ref name=mpc>{{cite web
|title=41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak Orbit
|publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=41P
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140616234456/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=41P
|archive-date=June 16, 2014
|url-status=live
|access-date=2014-06-16}}</ref>
<ref name="ST170104">{{cite web
|date=2017-01-04
|title=Bright Comet Prospects for 2017
|publisher=[[Sky & Telescope]]
|author=Bob King
|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/binocular-comet-bonanza-in-2017/
|access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Horizons2028">{{cite web
|title=Horizons Batch for 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (90000489) on 2028-Feb-15
|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
|type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%27DES%3D41P%3BCAP%27&START_TIME=%272028-Feb-12%27&STOP_TIME=%272028-Feb-18%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27
|accessdate=2023-07-06}} (JPL#K171/19 Soln.date: 2023-May-04)</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=41P;orb=1 Orbital simulation] from JPL (Java) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=41P Horizons Ephemeris]
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=41P&commit=Show 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak] at the [[Minor Planet Center]]'s Database
* [http://cometography.com/pcomets/041p.html 41P at Kronk's Cometography]
{{PeriodicComets Navigator|40P/Väisälä|42P/Neujmin}}
{{Comets}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak, 041P}}
[[Category:Periodic comets]]
[[Category:Near-Earth comets|041P]]
[[Category:Numbered comets|0041]]
[[Category:Comets in 2017]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1858|18580503]]
{{comet-stub}}