View source for 460 Scania

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet     = yes
| name            = 460 Scania
| background      = #D6D6D6
| image           =
| image_size      =
| caption         =
| discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer      = [[Max Wolf|M. F. Wolf]]
| discovery_site  = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| discovered      = 22 October 1900
| mpc_name        = (460) Scania
| alt_names       = A900 UF{{·}}1900 FN
| pronounced      = {{IPAc-en|'|s|k|eɪ|i|ə}}
| named_after     = [[Scania]] (Skåne)<br />{{small|(Province of Sweden)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category     = {{plainlist|
* [[main-belt]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}
* {{nowrap|[[Background asteroid|background]]&thinsp;<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}[[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow]]}}}}
| orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch           = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)
| uncertainty     = 0
| observation_arc = 119.27 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (43,564 d)
| aphelion        = 3.0059 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion      = 2.4304 AU
| semimajor       = 2.7182 AU
| eccentricity    = 0.1059
| period          = 4.48 yr (1,637 d)
| mean_anomaly    = 266.57[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2199|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination     = 4.6346°
| asc_node        = 205.20°
| arg_peri        = 161.66°
| mean_diameter   = {{plainlist|
* {{val|19.689|0.146|ul=km}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" />
* {{val|21.78|1.9|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
* {{val|23.58|0.51|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" />}}
| rotation        = {{val|164.1|0.1|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2018g" />
| albedo          = {{plainlist|
* {{val|0.189|0.009}}<ref name="AKARI" />
* {{val|0.2144|0.042}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
* {{val|0.262|0.057}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" />}}
| spectral_type   = [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[K-type asteroid|K]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude   = 10.8<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
}}
'''460 Scania''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|k|eɪ|i|ə}}; [[Minor planet provisional designation|''prov. designation'']]: {{mp|A900 UF}} ''or'' {{mp|1900 FN}}) is a [[background asteroid]] and a [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotator]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]]. It was discovered by German astronomer [[Max Wolf]] at the [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory]] on 22 October 1900.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The uncommon [[K-type asteroid]] has an exceptionally long [[rotation period]] of 164.1 hours and measures approximately {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was named after the Swedish region of [[Scania]], where a meeting was held by the [[Astronomische Gesellschaft]] in 1904.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Scania'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.0&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 6 months (1,637 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.72&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.11 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins at [[Vienna Observatory]] on 25 October 1900, three nights after its official discovery observation at [[Heidelberg Observatory|Heidelberg]].<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after the Swedish region of [[Scania]] or Skåne by its Latin name, on the occasion of a meeting held in [[Lund]] by the [[Astronomische Gesellschaft]] in 1904 ({{small|[[Astronomische Nachrichten|AN]], 166, 207}}). The {{MoMP|460|naming}} was also mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 50]]}}).<ref name="springer" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the Bus–Binzel [[SMASS classification]], ''Scania'' is an uncommon [[K-type asteroid]].<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Rotation period ===
In December 2017, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Scania'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by [[Frederick Pilcher]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well defined [[rotation period]] of {{val|164.1|0.1}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.37|0.03}} [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}). The results supersedes previous observations.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Scania'' measures between 19.689 and 23.58 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.189 and 0.262.<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.1808 and a diameter of 21.63 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.8.<ref name="lcdb" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type       = 2020-01-31 last obs.
|title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 460 Scania (A900 UF)
|url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000460
|publisher  = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|url      = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm
|url-access = limited
|last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter    = (460) Scania
|page       = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm/page/n65 52]
|date       = 2007
|doi        = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_461
|isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title      = 460 Scania (A900 UF)
|work       = Minor Planet Center
|url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=460
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (460) Scania
|last       = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher  = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url        = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page2cou.html#000460
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title      = LCDB Data for (460) Scania
|publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=460
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1     = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2     = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3     = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4     = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date       = October 2004
|title      = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url        = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal    = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume     = 12
|pages      = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode    = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2     = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3     = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4     = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5     = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6     = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7     = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8     = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9     = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10    = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11    = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12    = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13    = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date       = October 2011
|title      = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal    = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume     = 63
|issue      = 5
|pages      = 1117–1138
|bibcode    = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi        = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=460 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2     = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
|first3     = R. M. |last3 = Cutri
|first4     = T. |last4 = Grav
|first5     = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6     = J. R. |last6 = Masiero
|first7     = C. R. |last7 = Nugent
|first8     = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9     = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10    = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date       = June 2016
|title      = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0
|url        = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab
|journal    = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode    = 2016PDSS..247.....M
|access-date= 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Pilcher-2018g">{{cite journal |last1      = Pilcher |first1      = Frederick |last2      = Benishek |first2      = Vladimir |date      = July 2018 |title      = Rotation Determination for 460 Scania |journal      = Minor Planet Bulletin |url      = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_45-3.pdf |volume      = 45 |issue      = 3 |page      = 242 |bibcode      = 2018MPBu...45..242P |issn      = 1052-8091 |access-date      = 11 March 2020 |archive-date      = 13 April 2019 |archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20190413235907/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_45-3.pdf |url-status      = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroid 460 Scania
|work       = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url        = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=460+Scania
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroid 460 Scania – Proper Elements
|publisher  = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url        = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=460
|access-date= 11 March 2020}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info''
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''Geneva Observatory'', [[Raoul Behrend]]
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|460}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |459 Signe |number=460 |461 Saskia}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scania}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|000460]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Max Wolf]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Scania|460 Scania]]
[[Category:K-type asteroids (SMASS)|000460]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1900|19001022]]