View source for 688 Melanie

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet     = yes
| name            = 688 Melanie
| background      = #D6D6D6
| image           =
| image_size      =
| caption         =
| discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer      = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]]
| discovery_site  = [[Vienna Observatory|Vienna Obs.]]
| discovered      = 25 August 1909
| mpc_name        = (688) Melanie
| alt_names       = A909 QC{{·}}1927 SR<br />1940 SJ{{·}}A917 KD<br />1909 HH
| pronounced      =
| named_after     = unknown&thinsp;<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category     = {{nowrap|[[main-belt]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<ref name="lcdb" />}}<br />[[Background asteroid|background]]&thinsp;<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Zappala-family" />
| orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch           = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)
| uncertainty     = 0
| observation_arc = 106.92 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (39,054 d)
| aphelion        = 3.0733 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion      = 2.3217 AU
| semimajor       = 2.6975 AU
| eccentricity    = 0.1393
| period          = 4.43 yr (1,618 d)
| mean_anomaly    = 20.621[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2225|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination     = 10.244°
| asc_node        = 170.84°
| arg_peri        = 138.97°
| mean_diameter   = {{plainlist|
* {{val|41.40|3.1|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
* {{val|41.614|0.228|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
* {{val|49.12|0.60|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" />
}}
| rotation        = {{val|18.87|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2012b" />
| albedo          = {{plainlist|
* {{val|0.045|0.001}}<ref name="AKARI" />
* {{val|0.0599|0.010}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
* {{val|0.068|0.005}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
}}
| spectral_type   = {{plainlist|
* [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
* [[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.760|0.030}}&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
}}
| abs_magnitude   = {{plainlist|
* 10.59<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" />
* 10.8<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />}}
}}
'''688 Melanie''' (''[[Minor planet provisional designation|prov. designation]]:'' {{mp|A909 QC}} ''or'' {{mp|1909 HH}}) is a dark [[background asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]]. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer [[Johann Palisa]] at the [[Vienna Observatory]] on 25 August 1909.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]] has a [[rotation period]] of 18.9 hours and measures approximately {{convert|42|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. Any reference to the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Melanie'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]] when applying the [[hierarchical clustering method]] to its [[proper orbital elements]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Zappala-family" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.1&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 5 months (1,618 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.7&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.14 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 10[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins at [[Vienna Observatory]] in July 1913, or four years after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named in 1910, by Otto Prelinger who collaborated with Johann Palisa and [[Max Wolf]] on the photographic [[star chart]]s ([[Astronomische Nachrichten|''AN'']] 186, 15). Any reference of this [[minor planet]]{{'s}} name to a person or occurrence is unknown.<ref name="springer" />
=== Unknown meaning ===
Among the many thousands of [[List of named minor planets (alphabetical)|named minor planets]], ''Melanie'' is one of 120 asteroids for which {{MoMP|688|no naming citation}} has been published. All of these asteroids with an unknown meaning have low numbers, beginning with {{mp|{{MoMP|164|164 Eva}}}} and ending with {{mp|{{MoMP|1514|1514 Ricouxa}}}}, all discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers [[Auguste Charlois]], Johann Palisa, [[Max Wolf]] and [[Karl Reinmuth]].<ref name="DOMPN-unknown" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In both the [[Bus-DeMeo classification]] and the Bus–Binzel [[SMASS classification]], ''Melanie'' is a common, carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]].<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Ferret" />
=== Rotation period ===
In September 2011, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Melanie'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by [[Robert D. Stephens|Robert Stephens]] at the Santana Observatory {{Obscode|646}} in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of {{val|18.87|0.01}} hours with a low brightness variation of {{val|0.14|0.01}} [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Stephens-2012b" /> The first but unsuccessful attempt to measure the objects period was undertaken by [[Richard Binzel]] in June 1984.<ref name="Binzel-1987b"/> Other observations by French amateur astronomers [[Laurent Bernasconi]] (2005) and [[René Roy (astronomer)|René Roy]] (2011) gave a period of ({{val|20|0.4}}) and ({{val|19.97}}) hours and an amplitude of {{val|0.07|0.01}} and {{val|0.08}} magnitude, respectively ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2−/2−]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /> Also in 2011, an ambiguous period of ({{val|16.10|0.05}}) with an alternative period solution of 16.10 hours and an amplitude of ({{val|0.09|0.01}}) magnitude was determined ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Violante-2012" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] (WISE), and the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]], ''Melanie'' measures ({{val|41.40|3.1}}), ({{val|41.614|0.228}}) and ({{val|49.12|0.60}}) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of ({{val|0.0599|0.010}}), ({{val|0.068|0.005}}) and ({{val|0.045|0.001}}), respectively.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the albedo obtained by IRAS and derives a diameter of 41.38 kilometers using an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.59.<ref name="lcdb" /> Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include ({{val|19.17|2.54|u=km}}), ({{val|38.832|0.280|u=km}}), ({{val|40.088|11.29|u=km}}), ({{val|41.54|13.73|u=km}}) and ({{val|43.864|0.198|u=km}}) with a corresponding albedo of ({{val|0.22|0.05}}), ({{val|0.068|0.005}}), ({{val|0.0538|0.0347}}), ({{val|0.05|0.03}}) and ({{val|0.0533|0.0107}}).<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" /> On 4 August 2002, an [[asteroid occultation]] gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of ({{val|41.0|x|41.0|u=km}}) with a low quality rating of 0.<ref name="Ferret" /> These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.<ref name="Ferret" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type       = 2020-06-04 last obs.
|title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 688 Melanie (A909 QC)
|url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000688
|publisher  = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter    = (688) Melanie
|page       = 67
|date       = 2007
|doi        = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_689
|isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>
<ref name="DOMPN-unknown">{{cite book
|title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision
|chapter    = Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning
|last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|pages      = 927–929
|date       = 2007
|isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
|author-link= Lutz D. Schmadel}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title      = 688 Melanie (A909 QC)
|work       = Minor Planet Center
|url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=688
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (688) Melanie
|last       = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher  = Geneva Observatory
|url        = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page2cou.html#000688
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title      = LCDB Data for (688) Melanie
|publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=688
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2     = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3     = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4     = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5     = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6     = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7     = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date       = August 2014
|title      = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume     = 791
|issue      = 2
|page       = 11
|bibcode    = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv      = 1406.6645}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1     = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2     = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3     = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4     = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5     = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6     = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7     = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8     = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9     = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10    = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11    = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12    = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13    = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date       = October 2011
|title      = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal    = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume     = 63
|issue      = 5
|pages      = 1117–1138
|bibcode    = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi        = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access= free
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=688 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1     = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2     = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3     = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4     = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date       = October 2004
|title      = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url        = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal    = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume     = 12
|pages      = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode    = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2012b">{{cite journal
|last1        = Stephens
|first1       = Robert D.
|date         = January 2012
|title        = Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2011 July - September
|journal      = [[Minor Planet Bulletin]]
|url          = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-1.pdf
|volume       = 39
|issue        = 1
|pages        = 11–12
|bibcode      = 2012MPBu...39...11S
|issn         = 1052-8091
|access-date  = 20 July 2020
|archive-date = 22 February 2020
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20200222204456/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-1.pdf
|url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name="Violante-2012">{{cite journal
|last1      = Violante |first1 = R.
|last2      = Leake |first2 = M. A.
|date       = December 2012
|title      = Photometry and Lightcurve Analysis of 7 Main-Belt Asteroids
|journal    = Journal of the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy
|volume     = 7
|pages      = 41–44
|bibcode    = 2012JSARA...7...41V}}</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{cite journal
|last1      = Binzel |first1 = R. P.
|date       = October 1987
|title      = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids
|journal    = Icarus
|volume     = 72
|issue      = 1
|pages      = 135–208
|bibcode    = 1987Icar...72..135B
|issn       = 0019-1035
|doi        = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroid 688 Melanie – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|work       = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url        = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=688+Melanie
|access-date = 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title      = Asteroid 688 Melanie – Proper Elements
|publisher  = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url        = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=688
|access-date= 20 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Zappala-family">{{cite journal
|last1      = Zappalà |first1 = V.
|last2      = Bendjoya |first2 = Ph.
|last3      = Cellino |first3 = A.
|last4      = Farinella |first4 = P.
|last5      = Froeschle |first5 = C.
|date       = 1997
|title      = Asteroid Dynamical Families
|url        = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_5_DDR_FAMILY_V4_1/data/family.tab
|journal    = NASA Planetary Data System
|pages      = EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1
|access-date = 20 July 2020}} ([https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/family.html PDS main page])</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info''
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''[[Geneva Observatory]]'', [[Raoul Behrend]]
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|688}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |687 Tinette |number=688 |689 Zita}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Melanie}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|000688]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:C-type asteroids (SMASS)|000688]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1909|19090825]]