View source for 71-931

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #6ab2e2
| name = 71-931
| image = Moscow TverZastava Vityaz asv2018-09.jpg
| caption = Vityaz-M in Moscow
| interiorimage = 71-931M interior - front section.jpg
| interiorcaption = Interior of "Vityaz-M"
| service =
| manufacturer = [[PC Transport Systems|PK Transportnye Sistemy]] {{Flag|Russia}} <br /> [[Tverskoy Vagonostroitelniy Zavod]] {{Flag|Russia}}
| factory =
| family =
| replaced =
| yearconstruction = 2014-OT
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberbuilt = 434
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| formation =
| capacity = 71-931: 53 seats, 320 standing <br /> 71-931M: 60/64 seats, 265 standing (at 8 p/m2)
| operator =
| depots =
| lines =
| carbody =
| trainlength = 71-931: {{convert|27000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} <br /> 71-931M: {{convert|27500|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| carlength =
| width = {{convert|2500|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3500|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| art-sections = 3
| doors = 6
| maxspeed = 75
| weight = 71-931: 37 t
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| engine =
| poweroutput = 6x72 kW
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply = 550 V
| hvac =
| collectionmethod = Pantograph
| uicclass =
| aarwheels = Bo-Bo-Bo
| bogies = 3
| brakes = Electric, disc, magnetic
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1524mm|lk=on}}
}}
'''71-931 "Vityaz"''' ({{langx|ru|link=Витязь|"Витязь"||Knight}}) is a Russian three-unit six-axle 100% low-floor [[tram]] car created by [[PC Transport Systems|LLC "PK Transportnye Sistemy"]] (transl. "Transportation Systems", PK TS) and manufactured in cooperation by PK TS and [[Transmashholding]] at the facilities of the [[Tverskoy Vagonostroitelniy Zavod|Tver Carriage Works]]. Currently exists in two versions: the basic model '''Vityaz''' and 71-931M '''Vityaz-M''' modification with modified front and rear mask, different interior and Russian-designed traction motors. In operation in [[St. Petersburg]], [[Krasnodar]] and [[Moscow]]'s Bauman, Oktyabrskoye and Rusakov depots.
== Design ==
The car is based on three rotating 2-axle bogies which design was patented by PK TS. The main design feature of said bogies is that the traction motors are located below the floor (compact enough for allowing low floor level) so wider gangways are allowed despite the bogie being rotational. The traction drive is asynchronous, Vityaz model uses Czech-designed traction motors which were replaced with Russian-designed in Vityaz-M model. Each axle is powered by one 72&nbsp;kW motor with a total output of 432&nbsp;kW.
The body consists of two long end units with two double-leaf and one single-leaf doors each, one of which is equipped with driver cabin, and a short middle unit with no doors.
Internal layout is designed with maximum space efficiency in mind with most of the seats facing the axle of the car for allowing more standing space while retaining big number of seats. First unit has a large area for a wheelchair/pram/bicycle against the third door. Most of the seats are not elevated except the ones above the first and third bogies.
The car's environmental control has two air conditioners supplying all three units and the driver cab with cold air and multiple electric heat guns for heating. Each door has touch panels inside and outside for opening by passenger with the driver retaining the ability to override it.
The car is loosely based on an [[Ust-Katav]] carriage works (UKVZ) design with some of the blueprints said to be purchased from their original legal owner. This can be noticed in similarities between Vityaz model and UKVZ's partially low-floor 71-631 model body configurations.
The Vityaz-M cars are supplied with about 90% of Russian-designed parts with the inter-unit passes and traction retarders being only major exceptions.
== History ==
=== Testing and certification ===
The first tramcar entered for testing facility to Moscow Bauman Depot in November 2014, where it received onboard number 0203. The tram received the certificate of conformity in March 2015. 71-931 become the first Russian tram car that pass voluntary certification in road transport.<ref name="certification">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.i-mash.ru/news/nov_predpr/64539-nizkopolnyjj-tramvajj-modeli-71-931-vitjaz.html
| title       = Низкопольный трамвай модели 71-931 "Витязь" прошёл сертификацию
| date        = March 27, 2015 | publisher   = www.i-mash.ru
| access-date  = 2015-08-02
}}</ref>
The tram 71-931M entered for break-in to Volgograd metrotram line in July 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPAuthority/News/NewsAdminText.aspx?idn=28837|title=Официальный сайт администрации Волгограда {{!}} В Волгограде проходит испытания тверской "Витязь"|publisher=www.volgadmin.ru|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref>
The break-in to in Moscow was in March 2017.
=== Participation in exhibitions ===
* ExpoCityTrans – October 29 – November 1, 2014 (in Moscow).
* [[Innoprom]] – July 8–11, 2015 (in [[Yekaterinburg]]).<ref name="Innoprom">{{cite web
| url         = http://xn----stboke.xn--p1ai/?p=578
| title       = ПК Транспортные системы на выставке "Иннопром-2015".
| date        = July 13, 2015
| publisher   = ПК "Транспортные системы»
| website     = Официальный сайт
| access-date  = 2015-08-02}}</ref>
* ExpoCityTrans – November 29 – December 1, 2016 (in Moscow).
=== Supplies ===
* April 2015 –  PK Transportnye Sistemy won an auction for supply of 10 cars 71-931 to St. Petersburg during 2015–2017.<ref name="tverigrad.ru">{{cite web
| url         = http://tverigrad.ru/publication/sankt-peterburg-zakupit-tramvai-proizvedjonnye-v-tveri
| title       = В Санкт-Петербург поставят первые российские 100-процентные низкопольные трамваи, произведённые в Твери на вагоностроительном заводе.
| date        = April 21, 2015
| publisher   = www.tverigrad.ru
| access-date  = 2015-08-02
}}</ref>
* In September 2016 – Consortium of "PK Transportnye Sistemy" and "Metrovagonmash" won a tender for delivery and 30-year maintenance of 300 cars 71-931 to Moscow during 2017–2019. The value of the contract was 56&nbsp;billion rubles.<ref name="tr.ru">{{cite web
| url         = http://tr.ru/news/1785-moskva-nazvala-pobediteley-konkursa-na-postavku-300-tramvaev
| title       = Москва назвала победителей конкурса на поставку 300 трамваев
| date        = September 29, 2016
| publisher   = www.tr.ru
| access-date  = 2015-12-30
}}</ref>
== Operation by cities ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="65%" style="text-align:center;"
! width="50%" style="background-color:#6ab2e2;color:white;" | City
! width="30%" style="background-color:#6ab2e2;color:white;" | Number
! width="30%" style="background-color:#6ab2e2;color:white;" | Years of operation
|-
|  [[Saint Petersburg]]|| 43 units ||2014–present
|-
|  [[Krasnodar]]|| 1 unit ||2016–present
|-
|  [[Trams in Moscow|Moscow]]|| 390 units  ||2016–present
|}
<gallery class="center" heights=150px widths=240px>
Moscow tram 71-931 2200 20150404 229 (16870729348).jpg  | Tramcar 71-931 #2200 in Moscow
71-931M in row.jpg                                      | Tramcar 71-931M in Moscow
Трамвайный вагон 71-931М "Витязь-М" № 31136 на маршруте 12, Москва.jpg  | Tramcar 71-931M #31136 in Moscow
71-931 № 201 in Krasnodar.webm              |thumbtime=2|Tramcar 71-931 No. 201 in Krasnodar
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://пк-тс.рф/?page_id=337 Description of 71–931] on the manufacturer official website.
* [http://transphoto.ru/model/4567/ Photogallery and the list of 71–931] and [http://transphoto.ru/model/5402/ 71-931М] trams on "[[TransPhoto]]" website.
{{Transport Systems production}}
[[Category:Tram vehicles of Russia]]