View source for 717

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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[[File:ByzantineEmpire717+extrainfo+themes.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty|Byzantine Empire]] (717) with its [[Theme (Byzantine district)|theme]]s]]
[[File:Solidus-Leo III and Constantine V-sb1504.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Leo III the Isaurian|Leo III]] (left) and his son [[Constantine V]]]]
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Year '''717''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 717 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[March 25]] &ndash; Emperor [[Theodosios III]] is deposed after a reign of 1 year and 10 months. He is succeeded by the 32-year-old [[Leo III the Isaurian]], a general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of the [[Anatolic Theme]] (modern [[Turkey]]). Theodosios and his son enter the [[clergy]], and he probably becomes [[bishop]] of [[Metropolis of Ephesus|Ephesus]]. Leo brings an end to the [[Twenty Years' Anarchy]] in the [[Byzantine Empire]], which marks the beginning of the so-called [[Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty|Isaurian Dynasty]].<ref>Kaegi (1994), pp. 186, 195</ref><ref>Bellinger & Grierson (1992), p. 5</ref><ref>Jenkins, Romilly (1966). Byzantium: The Imperial centuries AD 610–1071, p. 56</ref>
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars#Attacks against Byzantine holdings in Africa, Sicily and the East|Arab–Byzantine War]]: Muslim general [[Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik]] leads his army of 80,000 men from [[Pergamon|Pergamum]] to [[Abydos (Hellespont)|Abydos]], where he crosses the [[Dardanelles|Hellespont]]. To prevent interference by the [[Bulgars]], or by any Byzantine forces in [[Thrace]], he sends part of his army to a covering position near [[Edirne|Adrianople]]; with his main body, Maslama builds [[Investment (military)|siege lines]] to blockade [[Constantinople]], which is protected by the massive [[Walls of Constantinople#Theodosian Walls|Theodosian Walls]].
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Siege of Constantinople (717–18)|Siege of Constantinople]]: Maslama begins a combined land and sea effort to capture Constantinople. The capital controls the [[Bosphorus|Bosporus]], access between the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Black Sea]], and is defended by a [[garrison]] of roughly 25,000 men. Leo III orders the [[Granary|granarie]]s be restocked and [[siege engine]]s installed. The Arab besiegers are suffering immense losses due to [[disease]], and from attrition of [[Siege|siege warfare]].
* [[September 1]] &ndash; A Muslim [[Naval fleet|armada]], consisting of 1,800 ships commanded by Admiral Suleiman, sails into the [[Sea of Marmara]] and drops anchor below the sea walls of Constantinople, to supply their forces ashore. Leo III orders the [[Byzantine navy|Byzantine fleet]] to sally forth from their protected [[harbor]]s with [[Greek fire]], setting alight the thickly-packed Muslim ships. Many vessels burst into flames, while others collide with each other before sinking.<ref>John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 69. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}</ref>
* Fall &ndash; [[Basil Onomagoulos]], Byzantine official, declares himself rival emperor in [[Sicily]] after the news arrives that Constantinople has fallen to an Arab [[siege]]. Leo III dispatches a ''[[chartoularios]]'' named Paul, with imperial instructions for the Byzantine army on the island. Basil is arrested and executed; his head is sent to Leo, while the other rebels are [[Political mutilation in Byzantine culture|mutilated]] and [[exile]]d.
==== Western Europe ====
{{Anchor|Europe}}
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Vincy]]: [[Charles Martel]] invades [[Neustria]] and defeats the forces of King [[Chilperic II]] at [[Les Rues-des-Vignes|Vincy]], near [[Cambrai]]. He pursues him and his mayor of the palace [[Ragenfrid]] to [[Paris]], before turning back to deal with his stepmother [[Plectrude]] at [[Cologne]], to turn over half the wealth of his late father [[Pepin of Herstal]]. Charles allows both Plectrude and his nephew [[Theudoald]] (who at eleven was still a little child) to live (a gesture uncommon for the time), and obliges her to accept his sovereignty.
* Charles Martel consolidates his power, proclaims [[Clotaire IV]] king of [[Austrasia]] in opposition to Chilperic, and deposes [[Rigobert]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]], replacing him with [[Milo (bishop of Trier)|Milo]]. He marches against [[Redbad, King of the Frisians|Radbod]], king (or [[duke]]) of the [[Frisia]]ns, and pushes him back into his territory (later part of the [[Netherlands]]). Charles sends the [[Saxons]] back over the [[Weser|Weser River]], and secures the [[Rhine]] border—in the name of Clotaire.
* [[Paolo Lucio Anafesto]] dies after a 20-year reign, and is succeeded by [[Marcello Tegalliano]] as the second [[Doge (title)|doge]] of the [[Republic of Venice]].
==== Arabian Empire ====
* Caliph [[Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik]] dies after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by his cousin [[Umar II]]. During his rule he grants [[tax]] exemption, and tries to reorganize the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] finances.
* A Muslim expedition under [[Al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi]] cross the [[Pyrenees]] into [[Aquitania]]n territory, leading a small raiding party into  [[Septimania]] (Southern [[France]]).
==== Asia ====
* [[December 24]] &ndash; A destructive [[earthquake]], with six months of aftershocks, affects [[Syria]] and [[Mesopotamia]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Ambraseys | first = N. | authorlink= Nicholas Ambraseys| date = 2009 | title = Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FzXSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1| edition = First | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0521872928 | page = 225}}</ref>
* [[Hoshi Ryokan]], the world's second-longest surviving [[hotel]], is established in [[Japan]] (approximate date).
=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[Nechtan mac Der-Ilei]], king of the [[Picts]], expels the [[monk]]s from the island of [[Iona]] ([[Scotland]]).
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[Childeric III]], king of the [[Francia|Franks]] (d. [[754]])
* [[Elipando]], Spanish [[archbishop]] and theologian
* [[Gummarus]], Frankish noblemen (d. [[774]])
* [[Princess Inoe]] of Japan (d. [[775]])
* [[Rabia Basri]], Muslim [[Sufism|Sufi]] mystic and [[saint]] (d. [[801]])
== Deaths ==
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Egwin of Evesham]], bishop of [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|Worcester]]
* [[Basil Onomagoulos]], Byzantine [[usurper]]
* [[Eadwulf I of Northumbria|Eadwulf I]], king of [[Northumbria]]
* [[Isonokami no Maro]], Japanese statesman (b. [[640]])
* [[Paolo Lucio Anafesto]], [[Doge (title)|doge]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[Plectrude]], consort of [[Pepin of Herstal]]
* [[Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik]], Muslim [[caliph]] (b. [[674]])
* [[Theobald of Bavaria|Theobald]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (or [[719]])
* [[Winnoc]], Welsh [[abbot]] (or [[716]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:717}}
[[Category:717| ]]