View source for 9×21mm

{{Short description|Israeli pistol cartridge}}
{{about|the Israel Military Industries cartridge|the Russian military cartridge|9×21mm Gyurza}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
|name=9×21mm
|image= 9X21 and 9X19 cartridges.jpg | image_size = 200px
|caption=9×21mm (left) and parent [[9×19mm Parabellum]] (right) cartridges
|type=[[Pistol]]
|origin=[[Italy]]<br/>[[Israel]]
<!-- Production info -->
| designer = Franco Benvenuti Agency (Italy) and Israel Military Industries (IMI)
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|production_date= 1980–present
|number=
|used_by=
|wars=
|is_SI_specs= yes
|parent= [[9×19mm Parabellum]]
|case_type= Rimless, straight
|bullet=9.03
|land=8.79
|neck=9.63
|base=9.93
|rim_dia=9.96
|rim_thick=1.27
|case_length= 21.15
|length=29.75
|case_capacity=1.01
|rifling=254 mm (1 in 10 in)
|primer= Small pistol
|max_pressure=235.00
|is_SI_ballistics= yes
|bwunit= gram
|bw1= 7.45
|btype1= [[Full metal jacket bullet|FMJ]]
|vel1= 390
|en1= 570
|bw2= 8.00
|btype2= FMJ
|vel2= 360
|en2= 518
<!-- Ballistics data source -->
|balsrc=[[C.I.P.]]<ref name="cip-bp.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cip-bp.org/index.php?id=tdcc-telechargement |title=C.I.P. decisions, texts and tables - free current C.I.P. CD-ROM version download (ZIP and RAR format) |access-date=2008-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620230409/http://www.cip-bp.org/index.php?id=tdcc-telechargement |archive-date=June 20, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
The '''9×21mm''' [[pistol]] [[Cartridge (weaponry)|cartridge]] (also known as the '''9×21mm GP''', '''9×21mm IMI''', '''9mm IMI''', '''9×21mm Italian''', or '''9mm Italian''') was designed by Jager (Loano, Italy), then adopted and commercialised by [[Israel Military Industries]] for those jurisdictions where military service cartridges, like the [[9×19mm Parabellum]], are or were illegal for civilian purchase (i.e. Italy, France, Brazil, and Mexico).
==History==
Based on the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, the case was lengthened from {{convert|19.05|to|21.15|mm|abbr=on}}. The bullet sits slightly deeper in the case, which results in almost the same overall length as the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge ({{convert|29.69|to|29.75|mm|abbr=on}}).
The cartridge was designed by Erasmus Giordano & Armando Piscetta to be used for civil purposes with large pistols (also those designed for .45 ACP). It was named "9 mm GP". The users were not enthusiastic at the very beginning for several reasons, such as the fact that barrels had to be modified.
During the 1980s, [[Israel Military Industries]] (IMI) started to use 9×21mm and received permission to import the UZI Defender (also called [[Micro Uzi]]) into Italy chambered for 9×21 IMI. It was the first official commercial launch for the 9×21mm. From that period on several companies in Italy started to sell 9×21mm pistols and ammunition. In just a few decades, the 9×21mm GP or 9×21 IMI became roughly 80% of the civilian small arms market in Italy.
==Competition use==
As it is a [[Rim (firearms)#Rimless|rimless]] round, the 9×21mm is used in [[United States Practical Shooting Association|USPSA]]/[[International Practical Shooting Confederation|IPSC]] competition in open class firearms.  A rimless case is preferred because, unlike semi-rimmed or rimmed cartridges, it will not tend to lock together with other rounds in a double-column magazine, resulting in a [[Firearm malfunction|malfunction]]. As other [[.38 Super]]–based rimless cartridges became available, the 9×21mm decreased in popularity in the United States for competition use, but it is still widely used in many other parts of the world.
==Synonyms==
*9×21mm IMI
*9&nbsp;mm IMI
*9mm Italiano
*Winchester 9×21mm WIN [124-gr. bullet]
==Cartridge dimensions==
The 9×21mm has 1.01 [[litre|ml]] (15.5 [[grain (measure)|grains]] H<sub>2</sub>O) cartridge case capacity.
[[Image:9x21mm.jpg|400px]]
'''9×21mm maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions'''<ref name="cip-bp.org"/> All sizes in millimeters (mm).
The common [[rifling]] [[twist rate]] for this cartridge is 254&nbsp;mm (1 in 10&nbsp;in), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 8.79&nbsp;mm, Ø grooves = 9.03&nbsp;mm, land width = 3.80&nbsp;mm and the [[Percussion cap|primer type]] is small pistol.
According to the official [[C.I.P.]] (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives) guidelines, the 9×21mm case can handle up to {{convert|235|MPa|psi|abbr=on}} piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every pistol cartridge combo has to be [[Proof (firearms)|proofed]] at 130% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
==See also==
*[[9 mm caliber]]
*[[List of handgun cartridges]]
*[[List of cartridges by caliber]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.italianshooters.org/content/cartuccia-9x21-gp-9x21-jager-9x21-imi |title=Cartuccia 9x21 GP - 9x21 Jager - 9x21 IMI |language=it |website=italianshooters.org}}
{{765borderivatives}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:9by21mm}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:9×21mm IMI firearms|*]]
[[Category:Paramilitary cartridges]]