View source for 900

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year dab|900|the skateboarding trick|900 (skateboarding)|series|900 series (disambiguation){{!}}900 series}}
{{Year nav|900}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:East-Hem 900ad.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The Earth's [[Eastern Hemisphere]] (c. 900)]]
[[File:I. E. C. Rasmussen - Sommernat under den Grønlandske Kyst circa Aar 1000.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Gunnbjörn Ulfsson|Gunnbjörn]] discovers [[Greenland]] (c. 900)]]
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Year '''900''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CM]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== [[Abbasid Caliphate]] ====
* Spring &ndash; Forces under the Transoxianian emir [[Isma'il ibn Ahmad]] are victorious at [[Balkh]] (Northern [[Afghanistan]]) over [[Amr ibn al-Layth]]; the latter is captured and sent to Caliph [[Al-Mu'tadid]] in [[Baghdad]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Par Ṭabarī (translated by Franz Rosenthal) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcKhwo8SmlMC&pg=PA84 |title=The return of the Caliphate to Baghdad |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1985|isbn=978-0-87395-876-9}}</ref> The [[Samanid dynasty|Samanid Dynasty]] rules over [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], as well as [[Transoxiana]].<ref name="Grousset">{{cite book|url= http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/grousset_rene/empire_des_steppes/grousset_steppes.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/grousset_rene/empire_des_steppes/grousset_steppes.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=L'empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan|author=René Grousset (1885-1952)|publisher=Payot |location=Paris|edition=4|year=1965|orig-year=1938}}</ref> A few months later, the Samanids conquer the [[Zaydid]] emirate of [[Tabaristan]]. This victory marks the beginning of the dispersion of the local [[Shi'ites]] by the new [[Sunni]] power.
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars]]: Emperor [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI]] ("the Wise") begins an offensive against the Abbasid army in [[Cilicia]], [[Upper Mesopotamia]] and [[Medieval Armenia|Armenia]]. He also continues the war against the Muslims in [[Sicily]] and [[southern Italy]].<ref name="Bréhier">{{cite book|url=http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/brehier_louis/monde_byzantin/brehier_vie_et_mort_byzance.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/brehier_louis/monde_byzantin/brehier_vie_et_mort_byzance.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|author=Louis Bréhier|title=Vie et mort de Byzance|publisher=Albin Michel|location=Paris |year=1946|page=596}}</ref>
* The future founder of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], [[Abdallah al-Mahdi]] and his family migrate to [[North Africa]]. They claim to be descendants of [[Fatimah]], the daughter of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].
* The [[Qarmatians]] of [[Bahrain (historical region)|al-Bahrayn]], under [[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi]], score a major victory over the Abbasid army led by [[al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi]].
==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Atenulf I of Capua|Atenulf I]], Lombard prince of [[Principality of Capua|Capua]], conquers the [[Duchy of Benevento]]. He deposes Duke [[Radelchis II of Benevento|Radelchis II]] and unites the two southern [[Lombards|Lombard]] duchies in [[Southern Italy|Mezzogiorno]] (Southern Italy). The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] offer a strategic [[Military alliance|alliance]] to Atenulf who directs a campaign against the [[Saracens]]. They have establish themselves on the banks of the [[Garigliano|Garigliano River]]. From here, [[Arabs|Arab]] warbands launch frequent raids in [[Campania]].<ref>Barbara M. Kreutz [https://books.google.com/books?id=qamIQbPLMqgC&pg=PA67 ''Before the Normans''] University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996 {{ISBN|978-0-8122-1587-8}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; The 7-year-old [[Louis the Child|Louis IV]] ("the Child") is proclaimed king of the [[East Francia|East Frankish Kingdom]] at an assembly at [[Forchheim]] ([[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]]). Because of his young age, the reins of government are entirely in the hands of others – the Frankish [[Nobility|nobles]] and bishops. The most influential of Louis' councillors are [[Hatto I (archbishop of Mainz)|Hatto I]], archbishop of [[Mainz]], and [[Solomon III (bishop of Constance)|Solomon III]], bishop of [[Bishopric of Constance|Constance]].<ref name="Flach">[[Jacques Flach]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jslot7Tpi9IC&pg=PA271 ''Les Origines de l'ancienne France. Volume 4''] Ayer Publishing {{ISBN|978-0-8337-1147-2}}</ref>
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Edward the Elder]] (son of [[Alfred the Great]]) is crowned king of [[England]] at [[Kingston upon Thames]].<ref>N. J. Higham, David Hill [https://books.google.com/books?id=OBb4DrSm4NwC&pg=PA48 ''Edward the Elder, 899-924''] Routledge, 2001 {{ISBN|978-0-415-21497-1}}</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Baldwin II, Count of Flanders]] has [[Fulk (archbishop of Reims)|Fulk the Venerable, bishop of Reims]], assassinated.<ref>Heinrich Joseph Wetzer [https://books.google.com/books?id=WBMPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 ''Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la théologie catholique''] Gaume frères et J. Duprey, 1864</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] repel the Magyar raiders at [[Rialto]].<ref>Enrico Guidoni  [https://books.google.com/books?id=wSXgb7zADYoC&pg=PA104 ''La ville européenne: formation et signification du quatrième au onzième siècle''] Editions Mardaga, 1981 {{ISBN|978-2-87009-133-3}}</ref>
* Summer &ndash; After the death of his wife [[Zoe Zaoutzaina]], the Byzantine emperor [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI]] marries [[Eudokia Baïana]].<ref>Theodora Antonopoulou [https://books.google.com/books?id=U9SzVoeMgpMC&pg=PA6 ''The Homilies of the Emperor Leo VI''] BRILL, 1997 {{ISBN|978-90-04-10814-1}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash; [[Abdallah II of Ifriqiya|Abdallah]], son of the [[Aghlabids|Aghlabid]] emir [[Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya|Ibrahim II]], represses a revolt of his Muslim subjects, and then initiates a campaign against the last Byzantine strongholds in [[Sicily]].<ref name="Bréhier" />
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Zwentibold]], king of [[Lotharingia]], is killed in battle on the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse River]], while fighting against his rebellious subjects; subsequently they recognize Louis IV as their rightful suzerain - Lotharingia is then converted from a kingdom to a duchy.<ref>A. Charguéraud [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NqADAAAAYAAJ/page/n404 <!-- pg=589 --> ''Les batards célèbres''] M. Lévy, 1859</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; Following [[Magyars]] raids in [[Lombardy]], king [[Louis the Blind|Louis III]] ("the Blind") is called to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] by the grandees. He takes [[Pavia]], forcing king [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]] to flee, and replaces him as [[King of Italy]].<ref>Charles Albert Cingria [https://books.google.com/books?id=fqBUzh3pQgUC&pg=PA72 ''La reine Berthe''] L'Age d'Homme, 1992 {{ISBN|978-2-8251-0347-0}}</ref>
* King [[Donald II of Scotland|Donald II]] is killed after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his cousin [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II]] as king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]];<ref>Fiona Somerset Fry [https://books.google.com/books?id=gCfx0bD0ZNsC&pg=PA47 ''The history of Scotland''] Routledge, 1985 {{ISBN|978-0-415-06601-3}}</ref> he will reign for more than 40 years.
* [[Docibilis I of Gaeta]] and his [[Saracen]] mercenaries attack [[Capua]], in vain.<ref>Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani XL Di Fausto – Donadoni. Rome, 1991.</ref>
* After the rejection of their alliance proposal by the [[Bavarians]], the [[Hungarians]] attack this country, occupying [[Pannonia]] and parts of [[March_of_Pannonia|Ostmark]], which become part of the Hungarian state.
==== Asia ====
* [[April 21]] &ndash; Namwaran and his children, Lady Angkatan and Bukah, are granted [[pardon]] by the [[Lakan]] (ruler) of [[Kingdom of Tondo|Tondo]], as represented by [[Jayadewa]], Lord Minister of [[Pila, Laguna|Pila]], which released them of all their [[debt]]s as inscribed in the [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]] ([[Philippines]]).
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]], king of [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandya]], begins to rule. He is constantly at war with [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] (his overlord) and becomes the last ruler of the first [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyan Empire]] ([[India]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=N. Jayapalan |url=https://books.google.com/books?d=tU1yDpYlu38C&pg=PA176|title=History of India |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |year=2001|isbn=978-81-7156-928-1}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Zhaozong of Tang|Zhao Zong]] is deposed and forced by a group of [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] eunuchs led by [[Liu Jishu]] to abdicate the [[throne]] to his son, Crown Prince [[Li Yu, Prince of De|Li Yu]] (until [[901]]).
==== Mesoamerica ====
* The [[Mesoamerica#Postclassic|Postclassic Period]]: The [[Maya civilization]] that has flourished for about 650 years in upland areas of what later will be called [[Central America]] comes to an end as a result either of depleted [[Agriculture|agricultural]] resources or [[war]]fare between some 40 rival city-states. The great stone [[Mesoamerican pyramids|pyramids]], [[Mesoamerican ballgame|ball courts]] and other structures at cities such as [[Tikal]], [[Copán]], and [[Palenque]] are abandoned and overgrown with [[jungle]], as will eventually be the sculpture and relief carvings of the [[Maya peoples|Maya]], who have developed a [[Maya calendar|calendar]] based on almost perfect [[Astronomy|astronomic]] measurements. Cities such as [[Chichen Itza]], [[Mayapan]] and [[Uxmal]] in the highlands of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] will continue to flourish.
* In [[Peru]] the [[Lambayeque, Peru|Lambayeque]] people establish themselves over areas previously developed by the [[Moche culture|Moche]] (approximate date).
=== By topic ===
==== Art ====
* c. 900 &ndash;[[1230]] &ndash; [[Pueblo Bonito]], [[Chaco Canyon]], [[New Mexico]], is built by the [[Ancestral Pueblo people]].
==== Religion ====
* January &ndash; Pope [[Pope John IX|John IX]] dies after a two year reign. He is succeeded by [[Pope Benedict IV|Benedict IV]] as the 117th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>Artaud de Montor [https://books.google.com/books?id=-JwAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT62 ''Histoire des souverains pontifes romains''] Didot, 1846</ref>
==== Commerce ====
* The east coast of [[Africa]] is impacted by [[trade]] and Arab, [[Iran|Persian]] and [[India]]n traders mix with the indigenous [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]. Many of the coastal Bantu adopt [[Islam]], reaching as far south as [[Sofala]] ([[Mozambique]]).
==== Exploration ====
* [[Greenland]] is discovered by the Norseman [[Gunnbjörn Ulfsson]], sailing from [[Norway]] to [[Iceland]]: he is blown off course by a [[storm]] and comes in sight of some [[Gunnbjörn's skerries|islands off the coast]] (approximate date).
==== Medicine ====
* The [[Persian people|Persian]] scientist [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]] distinguishes [[smallpox]] from [[measles]] in the course of his writings. Holding against any sort of orthodoxy, particularly [[Aristotle]]'s physics, he maintains the conception of an 'absolute' time, regarded by him as "a never-ending flow".
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin]], Persian [[Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world|astronomer]] (d. [[971]])
* [[Adaldag]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]] (approximate date)
* [[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar II]], king of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] (approximate date)
* [[Berthold, Duke of Bavaria|Berthold]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (approximate date)
* [[Conrad of Constance|Conrad]], bishop of [[Bishopric of Constance|Constance]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Saneyori]], Japanese statesman (d. [[970]])
* [[Gero (archbishop of Cologne)|Gero]], archbishop of [[Cologne]] (approximate date)
* [[Gero]], Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[John of Gorze]], Frankish [[abbot]] and diplomat (d. [[974]])
* [[Mord Fiddle]], Icelandic farmer and [[Gray Goose Laws|law]] expert (d. [[968]])
* [[Nicodemus of Mammola]], Italian monk (d. [[990]])
* [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] (approximate date)
* [[Ramwod|Ramwold]], Frankish abbot (approximate date)
* [[Rasso]], Frankish military leader (approximate date)
* [[Yang Pu]], emperor of [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] (d. [[939]])
== Deaths ==
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Fulk (archbishop of Reims)|Fulk]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]]
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Qatr al-Nada]], wife of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tadid<ref>{{The History of al-Tabari|volume=38|page=85}}</ref>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Zwentibold]], king of [[Lotharingia]] (b. [[870]])
* [[Donald II of Scotland|Donald II]], king of the [[Picts]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]])<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lynch |editor1-first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_p3z9 |title=The Oxford companion to Scottish history |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199693054 |page=106}}</ref>
* [[Dongshan Shouchu]], Chinese [[Zen]] teacher
* [[Eardulf of Lindisfarne|Eardulf]], bishop of [[Lindisfarne]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Takafuji]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[838]])
* [[Ibn Abi Asim]], Muslim [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar (b. [[822]])
* [[Pope John IX|John IX]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan]], Indian ruler
* [[Litan]], Irish abbot (approximate date)
* [[Liu Chongwang]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor of the Tang Dynasty]]
* [[Li Zhirou]], chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
* [[Merfyn ap Rhodri]], king of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]] (approximate date)
* [[Muhammad ibn Zayd]], emir of [[Tabaristan]] ([[Northern Iran|Iran]])
* [[Ono no Komachi]], Japanese [[Japanese poetry|poet]] (approximate date)
* [[Tadg mac Conchobair]], king of [[Connacht]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Wang Tuan]], chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
* [[Wulfhere of York|Wulfhere]], archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]] (approximate date)
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:900}}
[[Category:900| ]]