View source for Abbey of Saint Peter in the Black Forest

{{Short description|Monastery in Germany}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name            = ''Reichskloster St Peter auf dem Schwarzwald''
|conventional_long_name = Imperial Abbey of St Peter in the Black Forest
|common_name            = Saint Peter's Abbey, Black Forest
|
|image_flag             = <!--- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg --->
|image_coat             = DEU St. Peter COA.svg
|image_map              =
|image_map_caption      =
|
|era                    = Middle Ages
|status                 = Imperial Abbey
|empire                 = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type        = Theocracy
|
|year_start             = 11th century
|year_end               = 1806
|
|event_pre              = Abbey founded
|date_pre               = 1073 or before
|event_start            = [[Imperial immediacy]]
|date_start             = <!--- Optional: Date of establishment, as 1 January 1801--->
|event1                 = ''[[Vogt|Vögterei]]'' passed from<br/>{{spaces|4}}[[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]] to [[House of Urach|Urach]]
|date_event1            = &nbsp;<br/>late 13th century
|event2                 = ''Vögterei'' passed from<br/>{{spaces|4}}Urach to [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]]
|date_event2            = &nbsp;<br/>1526
|event_end              = [[German Mediatisation|Secularised]] to [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]]
|date_end               = <!--- Optional: Date of disestablishment --->
|
|p1                     = Duchy of Swabia
|image_p1               = [[File:Arms of Swabia.svg|20px|alt=|link=Duchy of Swabia]]
|s1                     = Grand Duchy of Baden
|image_s1               = [[File:Coat of arms of Baden.svg|20px|alt=|link=Grand Duchy of Baden]]
|
|capital                = [[Sankt Peter, Baden-Württemberg|St Peter im Schwarzwald]]
|
|footnotes              = <!--- Accepts wikilinks --->
}}
[[File:Kloster St. Peter auf dem Schwarzwald-Kirche-aussen.JPG|thumb|right|Abbey church]]
[[File:Kloster St. Peter auf dem Schwarzwald-Kirche-innen.JPG|thumb|right|Abbey church, interior]]
'''St Peter's Abbey in the Black Forest''' or '''St. Peter's Abbey, Schwarzwald''' ({{langx|de|Kloster St. Peter auf dem Schwarzwald}}) is a former [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery in the village of [[Sankt Peter, Baden-Württemberg|St. Peter im Schwarzwald]], in the district of [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]].
==History==
The monastic community of St. Peter's was the [[house monastery]] and burial place of the [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen family]]. It was founded in [[Weilheim an der Teck|Weilheim]], in or before 1073, but was forced by hostile military action during the [[Investiture Controversy]] to move to [[Hirsau]]. [[Berthold II, Duke of Swabia|Duke Berthold II of Zähringen]] (1078–1111) re-founded it as a family monastery, but decided in about 1090 to move it to the site which is now St. Peter im Schwarzwald.
Here it soon developed as a reformed Benedictine monastery directly answerable to the papacy, as witness for example the privilege of [[Pope Urban II]] of 10 March 1095. The ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' (lords protectors) were initially the Zähringen family but, in the late 13th century, they were succeeded by the Counts of Urach, against whom the monks were eventually obliged to seek the protection of Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]. In 1526 the office passed to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]]. In the 1520s its prior [[Michael Sattler]] became a leader of the [[Anabaptists]].<ref>C. Arnold Snyder 'Anabaptist history and theology' (Kitchener, Ontario: Pandora Press 1995), p.60</ref>
By the gift of the Zähringen family and their [[ministeriales]] the abbey acquired substantial property, particularly in the 11th and 12th centuries, located in the immediate area, in the [[Breisgau]] and in the Baar region, near Weilheim. The abbey, like most other landowners of the time, suffered significant loss of income and tenants after the middle of the 14th century.
The abbey suffered disastrous fires in 1238 and again in 1437. It lost importance in the later mediaeval period, and the monastic reforms of the 15th century had little effect here. Nevertheless, it managed to keep its property intact, even through the troubles of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. The premises were re-built in [[Baroque]] style in the 17th and 18th centuries; the present church with the two onion towers (''"Zwiebeltürme"'') was built in the 1720s. The architect was [[Peter Thumb]], and the opulent Baroque decoration was by [[Franz Joseph Spiegler]] (55 frescoes, 1727) and [[Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer]] (sculptures), among other artists and craftsmen. Peter Thumb also constructed the library. The abbey was dissolved in the secularisation of 1806.
==Abbots to 1544==
{{div col}}
* Adalbero (1093–1100)
* Hugo I (1100–08)
* Eppo (1108–32)
* Gozmann (1132–37)
* Markward (1154–83)
* Rudolf of Reutenhalden (1183–91)
* Berthold I (1191–1220)
* Heinrich I (1220–55)
* Arnold (1255–75)
* Walther I (1275–91)
* Eberhard (1291–95)
* Gottfried of Lötschibach (1295–1322)
* Berthold II (1322–49)
* Walther II (1350–53)
* Johannes I of Immendingen (1353–57)
* Peter I of Thannheim (1357–66)
* Jakob I Stahelin (1367–80)
* Hugo II (1380–82)
* Heinrich II of Stein (1382–90)
* Heinrich III Salatin (1390–92)
* Johannes II of Stein (1392)
* Erhard (1392–1401)
* Benedikt I of Thannheim (1401–02)
* Johannes III (1402–04)
* Johannes IV Kanzler (1404–09)
* Heinrich IV von Oettlingen (1409–14)
* Heinrich V von Hornberg (1414–27)
* Johannes V Tüffer (1427–39)
* Jakob II von Altensummerau (1439–43)
* Konrad von Hofen (1443–49)
* Burkhard von Mansberg (1449–53)
* Johannes VI von Küssenberg (1453–69)
* Peter II Emhardt (1469–92)
* Simon Budner (1492–96)
* Peter III Gremmelsbach (1496–1512)
* Jodocus Kaiser (1512–31)
* Adam Guldin (1531–44)
Abbots of the Early Modern period include:
* Philipp Jakob Steyrer (1749–95)
* Ignaz Speckle (1795–1806)
{{div col end}}
==Burials==
*[[Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen]]
*[[Agnes of Rheinfelden]]
*[[Berthold II, Duke of Swabia]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Buhlmann, M., 2004. ''Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon.'' Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004, Teil 2: N-Z (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10/2), pp82''ff''. St. Georgen.
==External links==
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.ub.uni-freiburg.de/referate/04/raffelt/sankt-peter-literatur.html Bibliography, University of Freiburg Library]
* [https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/st-peter.php St. Peter: History and images] {{in lang|de}}
* {{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180119031400/http://www.st-peter-schwarzwald.de/kloster.html Short history by the town of St. Peter]
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/publications/studentpapers/1981DeckenFreskenStPeterSchwarzwald.pdf Detailed student research paper about the frescoes depicting scenes from the life of St. Peter]
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{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Peter's Abbey In The Black Forest}}
[[Category:Benedictine monasteries in Germany]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1070s]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Zähringen]]
[[Category:Imperial abbeys]]