View source for Abertamy

{{Short description|Town in the Czech Republic}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Abertamy
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = View on Abertamy, Czech Republic.jpg
| image_caption           = View of Abertamy from a road to [[Plešivec (Ore Mountains)|Plešivec]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Abertamy.svg
| image_shield            = Abertamy CoA CZ.svg
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovy Vary]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Karlovy Vary District|Karlovy Vary]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|50|22|8|N|12|49|6|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Renata Mrňková
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1529
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 8.70
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 840
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total        = 848
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 362 35
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.mesto-abertamy.cz/}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Abertamy''' ({{langx|de|Abertham}}) is a town in [[Karlovy Vary District]] in the [[Karlovy Vary Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 800 inhabitants. It is known as a winter sports centre. The town is historically associated with silver and tin mining and is located in the [[Ore Mountain Mining Region]], which is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].
==Administrative parts==
The village of Hřebečná is an administrative part of Abertamy.
==Geography==
Abertamy is located about {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Karlovy Vary]]. It lies in the [[Ore Mountains]]. The highest point is one of the highest mountains of the mountain range, [[Plešivec (Ore Mountains)|Plešivec]] with an altitude of {{convert|1028|m|ft}}.
==History==
[[File:Abertamy_church_out.jpg|thumb|150px|Church of Fourteen Holy Helpers]]
Miners started to settle in the area between 1525 and 1529. The first written mention of Abertamy is from 1529. In 1579, Abertamy was promoted to royal mining town by Emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]]. On 15 September 1590, a [[1590 Neulengbach earthquake|strong earthquake]] was recorded here. [[Silver]] mining gradually declined, especially during the [[Thirty Years' War]], when it ended in 1622. Only the mining of [[tin]] continued. Abertamy lost its town rights, and the area was forcibly recatholicized after the war. In the mid-19th century manufacturing of [[glove]]s began and expanded in the 20th century. In 1876, Abertamy obtained the town status again.<ref name=about>{{cite web |title=Občan|url=https://www.mesto-abertamy.cz/obcan/|publisher=Město Abertamy|language=cs|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref><ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie Abertam|url=https://www.mesto-abertamy.cz/turista/historie-abertam/|publisher=Město Abertamy|language=cs|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
In the 1930s, 98% of the population of Abertamy were ethnic Germans. The town was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1938 and in 1938–1945 it was administered as part of the [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. In 1945, many German speaking people were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] and local industry was nationalised.<ref name=history/> However roughly 150,000 of three million Sudeten Germans in the surrounding region were not expelled due to their indispensable mining and technical skills. A large German-speaking minority remained here until the 2000s, but it is gradually disappearing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poslední Němci v Sudetech|url=https://www.respekt.cz/tydenik/2013/14/posledni-nemci-v-sudetech|publisher=Respekt|language=cs|date=2013-03-31|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
Intensive mining of uranium ore had started in the area after World War II. There used to be two shafts in Abertamy.<ref name=about/> In 1998, the factory producing gloves closed down.<ref name=history/>
==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|3310
|1880|3605
|1890|3644
|1900|4010
|1910|4293
|1921|3512
|1930|3824
|1950|2261
|1961|1715
|1970|1145
|1980|1156
|1991|1052
|2001|1197
|2011|1213
|2021|813
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
==Transport==
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipal territory.
==Sport==
The area is actively used for winter and summer sports. There is a large modern ski resort on the slopes of the mountain [[Plešivec (Ore Mountains)|Plešivec]]. It has eight downhill courses and nine ski lifts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sjezdovky & lanovky|url=https://skiarealplesivec.com/cs/sjezdovky-lanovky|publisher=Ski areál Plešivec|language=cs|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
==Sights==
[[File:Abertamy church in.jpg|thumb|Interiors of the church]]
Abertamy lies in the mining cultural landscape Abertamy – Boží Dar – Horní Blatná, which was designated a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 2019 as a part of the transnational [[Ore Mountain Mining Region]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1478|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=2023-08-22}}</ref>
The most valuable monument in Abertamy is Mauritius Mine, which is remains of the largest tin mine in the [[Ore Mountains]]. It was in operation from the 16th century to the 1940s. Today it is a national cultural monument. It is open to the public. Červená jáma, which is the largest depression after mining activities in the country, is also a part of the protected area of the mine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Důl Mauritius|url=https://www.dulmauritius.cz/cs/|publisher=Město Abertamy|language=cs|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
The Church of Fourteen Holy Helpers was built in the late Gothic style in 1534. In 1735–1738, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style. It was modified to its present form in the first half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel Čtrnácti svatých pomocníků v Abertamech|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/kostel-ctrnacti-svatych-pomocniku-v-abertamech|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
==Notable people==
*[[Horst Siegl]] (born 1969), footballer
==Gallery==
{{wide image|Plesivec pano Abertamy.jpg|600px|Abertamy from the Plešivec Mountain}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Abertamy}}
*{{official|https://www.mesto-abertamy.cz/}}
{{Karlovy Vary District}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Karlovy Vary District]]
[[Category:Towns in the Ore Mountains]]