View source for Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Iyad

'''ʿAbū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿIyād''' (died 21 August 1147) was the ruler (''[[amīr]]'') of [[Taifa of Murcia|Murcia]] and [[Taifa of Valencia|Valencia]] from 1145 until his death.{{sfn|Bosworth|1996|p=20}}{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}}
Under the [[Almoravids]], Ibn ʿIyād was a military commander (''[[qāʾid]]''){{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}} based in [[Lleida]].{{sfn|Balbale|2023|p=71}} He led a contingent at the [[battle of Fraga]] in 1134 and was credited by [[Ibn al-Athīr]] with leading a successful cavalry charge.{{sfn|Balbale|2023|p=71}}{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=9}} He was later recruited by [[Marwān ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz]], the ''[[qāḍī]]'' (judge) of Valencia to lead the resistance to the Almoravids in [[Játiva]].{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}} In March 1145, he persuaded Marwān to accept the post of ''[[raʾīs]]'' in Valencia.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=193}} In October, he seized power in Murcia.{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}} When Marwān failed to pay the ''[[jund]]'' (army), they replaced him with Ibn ʿIyād in November.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=193}} He thus came into control of both Murcia and Valencia by the end of 1145.{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}}{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=9}}
In January 1146, Ibn ʿIyād recognized the authority of [[Zafadola|Sayf al-Dawla]] as sovereign, inviting him to form a government in Murcia and Valencia.{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}}{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=9}}{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=194}} According to [[al-Dhahabī]], the arrangement was that "Ibn ʿIyād would control the army and money and Sayf al-Dawla was sultan." The former took the title ''[[mujāhid]]''.{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=16}} He continued to recognized the caliphal and religious authority of the [[Abbasids]].{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=14n}} Al-Dhahabī also claims that Sayf al-Dawla accused Ibn ʿIyād of creating discord between him and his Christian ally, [[Alfonso VII of Castile]]. In the [[battle of Albacete]] on 5 February 1146, Sayf al-Dawla was killed by the Christians but Ibn ʿIyād escaped.{{sfn|Minnema|2019|pp=10–11}}
Ibn ʿIyād continued to wield power in the name of Sayf al-Dawla's son, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. He minted coins in his name into 1146, when he switched to minting in his own name.{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=17}} He introduced a ''[[morabetino]]'' of high quality, containing 3.9 grams of gold, that became known after him as the ''ayadino''. It was highly valued in the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].<ref>{{harvnb|Todesca|2019|pp=55–56}} nn. 73–75, citing {{harvnb|Ubieto Artur|1984}}.</ref> From May 1146, [[ʿAbd Allāh ibn Faraj al-Thaghrī]] exercised actual power in Murcia as ''raʾīs''. In December, Ibn ʿIyād recovered control.{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}} Ibn ʿIyād died in battle near [[Uclés]] in August 1147 and was succeeded by [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanīsh]].{{sfn|Fierro|1994|p=100}}{{sfn|Minnema|2019|p=17}}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |first=Abigail Krasner |last=Balbale |title=The Wolf King: Ibn Mardanish and the Construction of Power in al-Andalus |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2023 |doi=10.1515/9781501765896}}
*{{cite book |first=C. E. |author-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |last=Bosworth |year=1996 |title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}
*{{cite book |first=Maribel |last=Fierro |author-link=Maribel Fierro |chapter=The ''Qāḍī'' as Ruler |title=Saber religioso y poder político en el Islam: Actas del Simposio Internacional (Granada, 15–18 octubre 1991) |publisher=Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional |year=1994 |pages=71–116 |chapter-url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/12303/1/FIERRO-QADI%20AS%20RULER.pdf}}
*{{cite book |first=Hugh |last=Kennedy |authorlink=Hugh N. Kennedy |title=Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus |year=1996 |publisher=Routledge}}
*{{cite journal |first=Anthony |last=Minnema |year=2019 |title=A ''Ṭāʾifa'' in Exile: Sayf al-Dawla and the Survival of the Banū Hūd |journal=Al-Masāq |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/09503110.2018.1515518}}
*{{cite book |first=James J. |last=Todesca |chapter=Selling Castile: Coinage, Propaganda, and Mediterranean Trade in the Age of Alfonso VIII |title=King Alfonso VIII of Castile: Government, Family, and War |year=2019 |pages=30–58 |publisher=Fordham University Press |editor1=Miguel Gómez |editor2=Damian Smith |editor3=Kyle C. Lincoln}}
*{{cite journal |first=María Isabel |last=Ubieto Artur |title=Los morabedís ayadinos, circulación y cambio en el reino de Aragón según la documentación coetánea |journal=Numisma |volume=34 |year=1984 |pages=209–225}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:1147 deaths]]
[[Category:Taifa of Valencia]]