View source for Actian Zen

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{{Infobox software
| logo         = Actian-Logo-RGB Vertical-Blue.jpg
| name = Actian Zen (PSQL)
| developer = [[Actian Corporation]]
| genre = [[DBMS]], [[RDBMS]], [[NoSQL]]
| latest release version = v16
| latest release date = June 17, 2024
| language = English, Japanese
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| license = [[Shareware]]
| website = {{URL |1=https://www.actian.com/data-management/zen-embedded-database/}}
}}
'''Actian Zen''' (formerly [[Architecture of Btrieve|Btrieve]], later named Pervasive PSQL until version 13) is an [[ACID]]-compliant, zero-DBA, embedded, nano-footprint, multi-model, Multi-Platform [[database management system]] (DBMS).<ref name="Weijers">{{cite web|title=Transactions, Locking and DataFlex|url=http://www.dataaccess.com/whitepapers/TransactionsLockingandDataFlex.htm#DFCKPSQL|publisher=Data Access Worldwide|author=Wiejers, Ben|origyear=December 2000|date=October 2001|access-date=2012-04-18|archive-date=2012-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505012502/http://www.dataaccess.com/whitepapers/TransactionsLockingandDataFlex.htm#DFCKPSQL|url-status=live}}</ref> It was originally developed by [[Pervasive Software]], which was acquired by [[Actian Corporation]] in 2013.<ref name="actian.com">{{cite web|title=Actian Corporation and Pervasive Software Unite to Take Action on Big Data|url=http://www.actian.com/press/actian-pervasive|access-date=2013-06-13|archive-date=2013-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233958/http://www.actian.com/press/actian-pervasive|url-status=live}}</ref>
It is optimized for [[embedded database|embedding]] in applications<ref>{{cite web|title=Delivering Embedded Database Solutions for Small and Medium-sized Businesses|url=http://www.pervasivedb.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/WP0907F_Hurwitz.pdf|publisher=Hurwitz and Associates|author=Stanley, Nigel|author2=Kaufman, Marcia|year=2007|access-date=2012-04-18|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813195200/https://www.actian.com/databases/zen/|url-status=live}}</ref> and is used in several different types of packaged [[software application]]s offered by [[independent software vendor]]s (ISVs) and [[original equipment manufacturer]]s (OEMs). Zen runs on system platforms that include [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Linux]], and [[Mac OS X]]. Both [[32-bit]] and [[64-bit]] editions of Zen are available. Editions are also specifically designed for different computer networking [[software deployment|deployment]] needs, such as [[workgroup (computer networking)|workgroup]], [[client-server]] and highly virtualized environments including [[Cloud computing]].
==History==
Pervasive Software was acquired by [[Actian Corporation]] in 2013.<ref name="actian.com"/> Zen is embedded by OEMs like [[Sage Group|Sage]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sagepfw.com/products/pervasivesql.aspx |title=Manufacturing ERP Software–Sage PFW ERP |publisher=Sagepfw.com |access-date=2012-05-12 |archive-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308071214/http://www.sagepfw.com/products/pervasivesql.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Maestro* Technologies, ABACUS Research AG (Switzerland), and Unikum (Sweden) supporting software applications that address the accounting, finance, retail, point-of-sale, entertainment, reservation system, and medical and pharmaceutical industry segments. “Users include Novell, Microsoft, PeachTree Software, Fair Isaac, Disney World, Radio Shack, Cardiff and others.”<ref name="Vaughan">{{cite web|title=Pervasive on replication trail|url=http://adtmag.com/articles/2002/10/16/pervasive-on-replication-trail.aspx|publisher=Application Development Trends|author=Vaughan, Jack|date=October 16, 2002|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305125229/https://adtmag.com/articles/2002/10/16/pervasive-on-replication-trail.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The accounting industry formed a large part of its market in 2007.<ref name="Vaughan"/>
Historically, Zen served as a DBMS for [[small and medium enterprises]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Software provides growth solution for organization databases|url=http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/Software-provides-growth-solution-for-organization-databases-531641|publisher=ThomasNet News|date=September 26, 2007|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220123/http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/Software-provides-growth-solution-for-organization-databases-531641|url-status=live}}</ref>
==DBMS architecture==
Zen supports stand-alone, client-server, [[peer-to-peer]]<ref name="PerDocLib">{{cite web|title=Pervasive Documentation Library: Pervasive PSQL v11 SP2|url=http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/psqlv11/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=welcome/libwelcome.html|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=April 2012|access-date=2012-05-01|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426232754/http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/psqlv11/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=welcome/libwelcome.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[software-as-a-service]] (SaaS)<ref name="Bloor">{{cite web |author=Bloor, Robin |author2=Jozwiak, Rebecca |date=December 2011 |title=Moving to the Cloud with Pervasive PSQL |url=http://www.pervasivedb.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/WP_Bloor_Moving_to_the_Cloud_with_PSQL_Dec2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607193028/http://www.pervasivedb.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/WP_Bloor_Moving_to_the_Cloud_with_PSQL_Dec2011.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2012-04-18 |publisher=The Bloor Group}}</ref> [[software architecture|architecture]].
The central architecture of Zen consists of two [[database]] engines: (1) the [[storage engine]], known as MicroKernel Database Engine (MKDE) and described as a [[database transaction|transactional database]] engine, and (2) the [[relational database]] engine, known as SQL Relational Database Engine (SRDE). Both engines can access the same data, but the methods of [[data access]] differ.<ref name="Lax">{{cite web
|title=Top-notch Auditing an Impressive Add-on for Pervasive.SQL
|url=http://www.devx.com/dbzone/Article/20006
|publisher=DevX.com
|author=Lax, Joe
|date=January 23, 2004
|access-date=April 12, 2024
|archive-date=June 2, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602003354/http://www.devx.com/dbzone/Article/20006
|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Micro Kernel Database Engine===
The Micro-Kernel Database Engine, the transactional database engine, interacts directly with the data and does not require a fixed data schema to access the data. It uses a key-value store to store and access the data. Calls to the MKDE are made grammatically with [[Btrieve]] API<ref name="PerDocLib"/> rather than through the use of a [[query language]]; therefore, Zen does not have to [[parse]] the request. This places the Micro Kernel Database Engine in the category of [[NoSQL|NotOnlySQL]] databases.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIST OF NOSQL DATABASES|url=http://nosql-database.org/|publisher=NoSQL|access-date=April 30, 2012|archive-date=December 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226094304/http://nosql-database.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> Low-level API calls and memory caching of data reduce the time required to manipulate data.
The MKDE operates in complete database transactions and guarantees full ACID ([[Atomicity (database systems)|Atomicity]], [[Consistency (database systems)|Consistency]], [[Isolation (database systems)|Isolation]], [[Durability (database systems)|Durability]]).<ref name="Weijers"/> If a transaction does not fully run its course due to an external event such as a power interruption, the data remains in the state in which it existed before the transaction began to run.
In the MKDE, records are stored in [[computer file|files]] which are roughly equivalent to the tables of a relational database engine. It supports multiple [[Unique key|key]]s on a record and, therefore multiple indexes in the file. The MKDE caches data in memory to facilitate performance. When a call is made to the MKDE, [[cache (computing)|cache]]d data is searched first; physical storage is searched if there is no cache of the data. [[Computer configuration|Configuration]] settings for caches can be pre-configured by [[Independent software vendor|ISVs]] to optimize Zen performance for their applications.
===Relational Database Engine===
The second database engine, the SQL Relational Database Engine or SRDE, operates in a manner similar to other relational database engines, that is, through the support of [[Structured Query Language]] queries. SRDE parses [[SQL]] queries and sends them to the MKDE to run.
The SRDE implements [[SQL-92]]. Significant other features include relational [[data integrity|integrity]], [[database security]], and temporary tables. SRDE extends its functionality by supporting [[stored procedure]]s, [[user-defined function]]s, and [[database trigger|triggers]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The SQL Guide to Pervasive PSQL|year=2009|publisher=Lulu|isbn=978-0-557-10543-4|pages=443–548|author=van der Lans, Rick F.}}</ref>
In addition to its support for SQL-92, the SRDE supports several significant features of [[COBOL]]: COBOL [[data types]], COBOL OCCURS and VARIANT records.<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
==Additional features==
* [[Multi-core processor]] aware<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* [[IPv4]] and [[IPv6]] support<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* Row-level locking<ref>{{cite web|title=What file versions does Row Level Locking (RLL) work with in Pervasive.SQL 2000?|url=http://www.pervasivedb.com/kb/Pages/00014776.aspx|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=June 2001|access-date=2012-04-18|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813195211/https://communities.actian.com/s/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Record and page [[data compression|compression]]<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* Over-the-wire [[encryption]] and data encryption<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* [[cluster (computing)|Cluster]] environments compatibility<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* [[I18N]] support,<ref name="investor">{{cite web|title=Pervasive Software Delivers Pervasive PSQL Summit v10.10 Database|url=http://investor.pervasive.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=386715|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131123152/http://investor.pervasive.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=386715|archive-date=January 31, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> code page (including [[UTF-8]]) translation between [[data file]]s and SQL [[client (computing)|clients]],<ref name="PerDocLib"/> [[Unicode]] support in Btrieve API,<ref>{{cite web|title=Unicode support?|url=http://cs.pervasive.com/forums/p/2901/9926.aspx|publisher=Pervasive Community Site|author=Durham, Dale|date=April 23, 2008|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001458/http://cs.pervasive.com/forums/p/2901/9926.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Japanese [[Language localisation|localization]]<ref name="investor"/>
* Data [[backup]] agents or enablers with Backup Agent and VSS Writer<ref name="PerDocLib"/>
* Data [[auditing]] with Pervasive AuditMaster<ref>{{cite web|title=Pervasive Documentation Library: Pervasive AuditMaster|url=http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/auditmaster/640/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=AM_Library/libwelcome_am.html|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=April 2012|access-date=2012-05-01|archive-date=2011-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007123713/http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/auditmaster/640/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=AM_Library/libwelcome_am.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Data replication]] with Pervasive DataExchange<ref>{{cite web|title=Pervasive Documentation Library: Pervasive DataExchange|url=http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/dataexchange/300/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=uguide/intro.02.2.html|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=April 2012|access-date=2012-04-18|archive-date=2011-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007112445/http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/dataexchange/300/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=uguide/intro.02.2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Interfaces==
[[File:Interfaces to Pervasive PSQL.png|500 px|right|Interfaces for Pervasive PSQL]]
Zen [[interface (computing)|interfaces]] fall into two categories: management interfaces and [[data manipulation]] interfaces.
===Management interfaces===
Actian provides the management interfaces Distributed Tuning Interface (DTI)<ref name="PerDocLib"/> and Distributed Tuning Objects (DTO) and a [[Component Object Model]] (COM) [[adapter pattern]] (wrapper) for the DTI.<ref name="PerDocLib"/> These provide [[application programming interface]]s for configuration, monitoring, and diagnostics of Pervasive components. COBOL can also provide component management through a COBOL connector that can talk to DTI.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pervasive Documentation Library: Pervasive PSQL v10|url=http://www.pervasivedb.com/support/Documents/Docs2/Active_Connector_ACUCOBOL-GT_Developer_Guide.pdf|publisher=Pervasive Software|date=April 2008|access-date=2012-04-19|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813195201/https://www.actian.com|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Application interfaces===
All other interfaces<ref name="PerDocLib"/> exist for data manipulation purposes.
* Btrieve, [[Java Class Library]] (JCL), COBOL, and [[ActiveX]] provides direct access to the MicroKernel Database Engine (MKDE).
* [[ADO.NET]]; [[ODBC]] v3.51 and [[JDBC]] 2 for Core, Level 1, and Level 2; and [[OLE DB]] provide access to the SQL Relational Database Engine (SRDE).
* Pervasive Direct Access Components (PDAC) are a set of [[Visual Component Library]] (VCL) components that enable direct access to both MKDE and SRDE for [[Embarcadero Delphi]] and [[C++ Builder]] environments.
==Tools==
Actian provides [[utility software]] designed to facilitate administration and use of Zen.<ref name="PerDocLib"/> There are graphical and [[command line]] utilities in [[Windows]], Linux, and [[Mac OS X]] environments.
Zen Control Center (CC) is the main utility that enables the user to create and manipulate databases and tables, to access [[server (computing)|servers]] and clients, to set configurations and properties, and to edit data. Through CC, the user can access a series of other utilities:
* License Administrator utility handles [[license management]] activities.
* Notification Viewer utility displays licensing-related messages logged by the PSQL engine.
* Monitor utility checks and displays activities and attributes of both engines, including [[resource (computer science)|resource]] usage, [[session (computer science)|session]] information, and communication statistics.
* System Analyzer utility tests the connections between the engines and within the [[Computer network|network]] and displays information about system components.
* Maintenance utility enables users to create and edit schema-less files.
* Rebuild utility enables users to convert [[file format]]s and rebuild files in its MKDE file format.
* DDF ([[data definition]] file) Builder utility enables SQL users to create and modify table schemas for data stored in the MKDE, thus providing relational access to the data.
* Query Plan Viewer enables SQL users to analyze [[query plan]]s for [[program optimization|optimization]].
* Function Executor assists developers with [[Software development|development]], [[Software testing|testing]], and [[debugging]] by simulating direct [[API]] operations into MKDE and providing a view into the schema-less data.
==Editions and licensing==
===Editions===
There are five editions of Zen:
*'''Zen Core Library''':<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS55-0320-ZenCoreDatabase.pdf?id=19047 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410231635/https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS55-0320-ZenCoreDatabase.pdf?id=19047 |url-status=live }}</ref> An ultra-small (and free) database library for your Android or iOS applications.
*'''Zen Edge Engine''':<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS48-0320-ZenEdgeDatabase.pdf?id=19049 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410231637/https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS48-0320-ZenEdgeDatabase.pdf?id=19049 |url-status=live }}</ref> For small edge devices with support for ARM (Raspbian) or x86 (Windows IoT Servers).
*'''Zen Workgroup Engine''':<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/v15/#page/getstart/installprep.htm#ww131110 |title=Zen Products |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref> Per-user licensing, up to a maximum of 5 concurrent users, with most environments being a single user.
*'''Zen Enterprise Server''':<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/DS49-0721-ZenEnterpriseDatabase_02.pdf?id=23994 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306072127/https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/DS49-0721-ZenEnterpriseDatabase_02.pdf?id=23994 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally called Zen Server. Per-user licensing, starting at 6 concurrent users.
*'''Zen Cloud Server''':<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS57-0320-ZenCloudServer.pdf?id=19043 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410231632/https://www.actian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DS57-0320-ZenCloudServer.pdf?id=19043 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally called Zen Server VX. Data size licensing (with unlimited users), required for web/SaaS installations.
===Other Products===
*'''Zen AuditMaster (AM)''': a transaction monitoring and auditing application for Zen Enterprise Server and Cloud Server, that allows tracking access and changes in data and provides a detailed audit trail.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/AuditMaster/1500/#page/amug/intro.htm |title=Introducing Actian AuditMaster |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>
*'''Zen DataExchange (DX)''': a Zen database replication solution. It copies data between two or more Zen databases to maintain warm backup systems, drive data into reporting servers, or synchronize remote databases.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/DataExchange/1500/#page/dxug/intro.htm# |title=Introducing DataExchange |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>
*'''Zen Backup Agent''': a tool designed to protect Zen databases by creating reliable, automated backups without interrupting database operations. It allows seamless integration into backup systems, ensuring data integrity and minimal downtime, making it ideal for business-critical applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/BackupAgent/1600/index.html#page/pvbackup/welcome.htm |title=Backup Agent Documentation|publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> Actian PSQL v12, Backup Agent is included freely on the Enterprise Server and Cloud Server editions, and is available separately for Workgroup edition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/backupagent.asp |title=Backup Agent Product Information|publisher=Goldstar Software |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref>
===Licensing===
There are two different [[software license agreement|licensing]] models, user-count licensing and capacity-based licensing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/v15/#page/uguide/licadmin.htm#ww162278 |title=License Models |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>
* In user-count licensing (aka. Concurrent User License Model), each [[product key]] specifies a licensed user. At any given moment, that many users can be connected to the engine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/v15/#page/uguide/licadmin.htm#ww151010 |title=Concurrent User License Model |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>
* Capacity-based licensing is based on the amount of [[process (computing)|process]]ing performed by the database engine. It measures data in use and sessions in use. This license model is designed to facilitate Cloud computing and highly virtualized environments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/v15/#page/uguide/licadmin.htm#ww162136 |title=Capacity-based License Model |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>
Both Zen Edge Server and Zen Enterprise Server use a user-count licensing model, while Zen Cloud Server uses capacity-based licensing, and Zen Core is royalty-free for developers.
==Versions==
=== Actian Zen release history ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Release
! General availability
! End of Enterprise Support
! End of Extended Support
! End of Obsolescence Support
! Marquee Features
|-
! {{Version |c |Zen v16}}
| August 27, 2019
| Aug 31, 2024
| Aug 31, 2029
| Aug 31, 2034
| New v16 File Format, Long Keys, Simple Replication, Universal Triggers, Microkernel Page Read-Ahead, SQL Query Logging Improvements, Offline Rebuild, Secured SQL Rights, Developer Changes, Linux Install/Uninstall Changes, Kafka integration, Licensing Changes<ref>{{cite web
| title= Actian Zen v16 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/zen16.asp
| access-date= 2024-11-02
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |co |Zen v15}}
| August 15, 2021
| Aug 31, 2026
| Aug 31, 2031
| Aug 31, 2036
| Performance Improvements (File Close Delay, Transaction Log Changes, SQL DELETE and LIKE Operations, Scalar Subqueries and Statistics), System Data v2, File Size Limit for Backward Compatibility, SQL Windowing Functions, Administrative Changes, API Updates (Btrieve 2 Improvements, PDAC/BPL Changes, ADO.NET Changes, ActiveX and OLEDB SDK's removed), Platform Changes (removed support for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008, added support for Windows 10 IoT Enterprise, Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022), Config-on-Install<ref>{{cite web
| title= Actian Zen v15 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/zen15.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |co |Zen v14}}
| August 27, 2019
| Aug 31, 2024
| Aug 31, 2029
| Aug 31, 2034
| Complete Rebranding, AutoTimestamp Key Type, AES-256 Encryption, Java Runtime Environment Upgrade, JSON Filter, ADO.NET 4.4 Support (including support for Visual Studio 2019 and BIGIDENTITY data type), New Time Data Types (TIMESTAMP2, SQL support for the AUTOTIMESTAMP type, new time scalar functions), New Data Export Tool, Delete Extended Operations, SQL on Android/iOS, Read-Only DSN's, BUTIL Improvements (maintenance utility)<ref>{{cite web
| title= Actian Zen v14 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/zen14.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|}
{{Version|l|show=111100}}
=== Actian PSQL and Btrieve release history ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Release
! General Availability
! End of General Availability
! Transition Support
! End of Support
! Notes
|-
! {{Version |o |Zen/PSQL v13}}
| June 23, 2017
| December 31, 2020
| December 31, 2021
| December 31, 2022
| Support for Larger Data Sets, PSQL Reporting Engine, New Btrieve C and C++ APIs, New Schema Export and Import in CC, Updated Cache Management, New SDKs, LIKE with Btrieve Extended Operations, Integration with AD Security, New Operating System Support (Android, iOS, Windows Server 2019, and Windows Nano Server), 8-Byte AutoInc/BIGIDENTITY, TRY_CAST and TRY_CONVERT, UPSERT Capability.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Actian Zen/PSQL v13 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql13.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |Btrieve 12}}
| February 9, 2016
| Not Scheduled
| Not Scheduled
| Not Scheduled
| Btrieve 12 engine is file format and API compatible with Btrieve 6.15, so there is no need to change or even recompile your application. It offers a number of improvements over v6.15, such as full OS support for Windows 7, 8, and 10, improved performance due to a better caching configuration, the ability to use across-the-wire encryption and auto-reconnect (to survive brief network outages on wireless networks), and a vastly simplified configuration.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Btrieve 12 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/btrieve12.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |PSQL v12}}
| December 17, 2014
| June 30, 2018
| January 1, 2019
| July 1, 2019
| Online Database Defragmenter, More Unicode Support, Rebranding, Easier Installation, License Changes, Developer-Level Updates (ADO.NET v4.1 drivers, new features through JDBC and ODBC) New Operating systems (Windows 10, Mac OS X, Windows Server 2016).<ref>{{cite web
| title= Pervasive PSQL v12 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql12.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |PSQL Vx Server 11}}
| February 9, 2012
| June 30, 2015
| January 1, 2016
| July 1, 2016
| Hypervisor-Friendly Licensing (per instance), Flexible Bit Level Licensing, Optimized Backup Solutions for Virtual Machines.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Pervasive PSQL Vx Licensing Primer
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/licenseprimervx.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |PSQL v11}}
| September 29, 2010
| June 30, 2015
| January 1, 2016
| July 1, 2016
| New Operating Systems (Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012), Improved multi-threading, Full 64-bit and IPv6 Support, Developer-Level Updates, New Security Solutions and SQL Features, License and Logging Enhancements, Native Backup Solutions (at no extra costs), Licensing Changes and Updated Tools.<ref name="goldstarsoftware.com">{{cite web
| title= Pervasive PSQL v10 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql10.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |PSQL v10}}
| September 18, 2007
| March 31, 2011
| September 1, 2011
| March 1, 2012
| SQL syntax enhancements, a new cache (called Xtreme I/O) to improve 32-bit server performance, and a new 64-bit engine to provide native 64-bit support on newer hardware and operating system platforms.<ref name="goldstarsoftware.com"/>
|-
! {{Version |o |PSQL v9}}
| March 1, 2005
| July 1, 2009
| July 1, 2009
| January 1, 2010
| Larger Database Support, Improved Linux Support, Improved SQL Performance and Syntax, New DBA Features, A New Control Center, Improved COBOL Support, Drive Letter Redirection, New Developer Features.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Pervasive PSQL v9 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql9.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |Pervasive.SQL V8}}
| November 26, 2002
| July 1, 2006
| {{N/A}}
| December 31, 2006
| Improved Btrieve and SQL Performance, New SQL Syntax, No More Workstation Engine, New File Format, Simpler Configuration, Debug Requesters, Simpler Licensing.<ref name="Pervasive.SQL 2000i Product Informa">{{cite web
| title= Pervasive.SQL 2000i Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql2k.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |Pervasive.SQL 2000i}}
| September, 1999
| January 1, 2003
| {{N/A}}
| July 1, 2004
| Pervasive.SQL 2000i was available in 3 client/server flavors and two local engines.<ref name="Pervasive.SQL 2000i Product Informa"/>
|-
! {{Version |o |Pervasive.SQL 7}}
| January, 1998
| January 1, 2002
| {{N/A}}
| January 1, 2002
| Pervasive.SQL 7 is the result of the bundling of Btrieve 7 and Scalable SQL 4 (a relational database product) engines into a single product. It allowed for a high level of backward compatibility for applications based on the Btrieve API or ODBC/SSQL. Pervasive.SQL 7 was available in a client/server model for both Novell NetWare and Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, and supports access from DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 9x, Windows NT, and OS/2 clients.<ref>{{cite web
| title= Pervasive.SQL 7 Product Information
| website= Goldstar Software
| url= https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/psql7.asp
| access-date= 2024-04-12
}}</ref>
|-
! {{Version |o |Btrieve 6.15}}
| July 1, 1994
| July 1, 1999
| {{N/A}}
| September 1, 1999
| See [[Btrieve]] for more information. Btrieve 6.15 was released for DOS, Windows and OS/2. This version is incompatible with previous releases, as it was totally rewritten.
|}
{{Version|l|show=111100}}
=== Actian Zen AuditMaster release history ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Release
! General Availability
! End of General Availability
! Transition Support
! End of Support
! Notes
|-
! {{Version |c |AuditMaster v16}}
| June 17, 2024
| June 30, 2029
| June 30, 2034
| June 30, 2039
| AuditMaster v16 offers compatibility with Actian Zen v16 for Windows. This release is for Windows ONLY and is available as of June 17, 2024.
|-
! {{Version |co |AuditMaster v15}}
| August 15, 2021
| Aug 31, 2026
| Aug 31, 2031
| Aug 31, 2036
| AuditMaster v15 offers compatibility with Actian Zen v15.10 for Windows.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |co |AuditMaster v14}}
| August 27, 2019
| Aug 31, 2024
| Aug 31, 2029
| Aug 31, 2034
| AuditMaster v14 offers compatibility with Actian Zen v14.10 for Windows, and it has been completely rewritten from the ground up with all new tools and alert capabilities.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v13}}
| June 23, 2017
| December 31, 2020
| December 31, 2021
| December 31, 2022
| AuditMaster v13 offers compatibility with Actian Zen/PSQL v13 and Zen Vx Server 13 Service Pack 1 and newer.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v12}}
| December 17, 2014
| June 30, 2018
| January 1, 2019
| July 1, 2019
| AuditMaster v12 offers compatibility with Actian PSQL v12 and PSQL Vx Server 12 Service Pack 1 and newer.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v8}}
| February 9, 2012
| July 1, 2016
| January 1, 2017
| July 1, 2017
| AuditMaster v8.0 offers compatibility with Actian PSQL Vx Server 11 as well as Actian PSQL v11. This version offers a per-database licensing (instead of per user), and worked with 32-bit and 64-bit server engines. Version v8.1 offered compatibility with Service Pack 3 of both PSQL versions, which now included support for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. Since v8.0, AuditMaster is only available for Windows.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v7}}
| November 22, 2010
| April 1, 2012
| January 1, 2016
| July 1, 2016
| AuditMaster v7.0 was released in November 2010 and requires Pervasive PSQL v11. There was only a Windows 32-bit implementation of this product, so it was not compatible with a 64-bit engine.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v6.4}}
| September 18, 2007
| October 31, 2011
| March 1, 2012
| September 1, 2012
| AuditMaster v6.4 was supported on Pervasive PSQL v10, and was available for Windows only. This product worked with 32-bit versions of PSQLv10 only.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v6.3}}
| November 15, 2005
| March 1, 2010
| March 1, 2010
| October 1, 2010
| AuditMaster v6.3 was supported on Pervasive PSQL v9.1 server database engines only, but there was a version for Windows Servers and a different one for NetWare servers.<ref name="AuditMaster" />
|-
! {{Version |o |AuditMaster v6.2}}
|
|
|
| December 31, 2006
| AuditMaster v6.2 was supported on Pervasive.SQL V8 Windows Server database engines only. Workgroup Engines are NOT supported. If you have Pervasive.SQL V8, you can't upgrade to 6.3 - you must upgrade to PSQLv9 first.<ref name="AuditMaster">{{cite web
| author=Goldstar Software
| url=https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/auditmaster.asp
| title=AuditMaster Product Information
| access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref>
|}
{{Version|l|show=111100}}
=== Actian Zen DataExchange release history ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Release
! General Availability
! End of General Availability
! Transition Support
! End of Support
! Notes
|-
! {{Version |c |DataExchange v16}}
| June 17, 2024
| June 30, 2029
| June 30, 2034
| June 30, 2039
| DataExchange v16 is designed for Actian Zen v16 Server (64-bit only)
|-
! {{Version |co |DataExchange v15}}
| January 24, 2023
| Aug 31, 2026
| Aug 31, 2031
| Aug 31, 2036
| DataExchange v15 was designed for Actian Zen v15 Server and Zen Cloud Server 15 systems that are running Service Pack 1 or above. Note that this release includes only the 64-bit Windows platform, so there is no version that will work with a Workgroup Engine.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |co |DataExchange v14}}
| May, 2021
| TBD
| TBD
| TBD
| DataExchange v14 was designed for Actian Zen v14 Server and Zen Cloud Server 14 systems. Note that this release includes only the 64-bit Windows platform, so there is no version that will work with a Workgroup Engine.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v13}}
| June 23, 2018
| December 31, 2020
| December 31, 2021
| December 31, 2022
| DataExchange v13 was designed for Actian Zen v13 Server and Zen Vx Server 13 systems.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v12}}
| December 17, 2014
| June 30, 2018
| January 1, 2019
| July 1, 2019
| DataExchange v12 was designed for Actian PSQL v12 Server and PSQL Vx Server 12 systems. It features no major changes over v5.1, except for support on Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v5}}
| February 9, 2012
| July 1, 2016
| January 1, 2017
| July 1, 2017
| DataExchange v5.0 was released to add compatibility with Actian PSQL Vx Server 11 as well as Actian PSQL v11. This version offered a per-database licensing (instead of per user), worked with 32-bit and 64-bit server engines, and was available only for Windows. Version v5.1 was designed for Actian PSQL Server v11 and PSQL Vx Server 11 for Service Pack 3 and newer. This new patch adds support for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, but it also removes the DataExchange Designer from the code.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v4}}
| November 22, 2010
| April 1, 2012
| January 1, 2016
| July 1, 2016
| DataExchange v4.0 required Pervasive PSQL v11. There was both 32-bit and 64-bit versions, and it was only available for Windows.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v3.0}}
| August 19, 2008
| October 31, 2011
| March 1, 2012
| September 1, 2012
| DataExchange v3.0 for new PSQLv10 installations was released with Service Pack 1. It only worked on Pervasive PSQL Summit v10.10 and above (it didn't work on v10.00). This tool was supported on Windows 32-bit platforms only. DXv3 did not work on a PSQLv10 64-bit engine.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v2.9}}
| September 18, 2007
| August 19, 2008
| August 19, 2008
| September 1, 2012
| DataExchange v2.9 was supported on Pervasive PSQL v10.00, but only as an upgrade from a PSQLv9 installation. This product worked with 32-bit versions of PSQLv10 only.<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v2.8}}
| April 26, 2005
| March 1, 2010
| March 1, 2010
| October 1, 2010
| DataExchange v2.8 was supported on Pervasive PSQL v9.1 and newer server database engines on Windows servers only (There is no DataExchange for Linux or NetWare).<ref name="DataExchange" />
|-
! {{Version |o |DataExchange v2.7}}
|
|
|
| December 31, 2006
| DataExchange v2.7 was supported on Pervasive.SQL V8 Windows Server database engines only. If you have Pervasive.SQL V8, you can't upgrade to 2.8 ― you must upgrade to PSQLv9 first.<ref name="DataExchange">{{cite web
| author=Goldstar Software
| url=https://www.goldstarsoftware.com/dataexchange.asp
| title=Actian DataExchange Product Information
| access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref>
|}
{{Version|l|show=111100}}
==Limitations==
Actian Zen lacks:
* some of the [[data warehousing]], [[data mining]], and reporting services built into database engines such as [[Microsoft SQL Server]] and [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]. However, Zen provides the option to set up a Zen Client Reporting Engine as a proxy server to reduce the load for report execution on a Zen server.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.actian.com/zen/v15/#page/getstart/reportconf.htm |title=Setting Up a Client Reporting Engine |publisher=Actian |access-date=2024-04-12}}</ref>
* the ability to perform [[distributed transaction]]s.
* support for database caching unless the application has specifically been designed to take advantage of the Client Caching Engine (very few applications take advantage of this feature), the inbuilt feature of the engine, and the only supported caching option. Because the engine does not natively support database contention negotiation but relies on the front-end to manage contention issues, it is infrequently implemented. This makes the majority of applications developed with Zen unsuitable on any system where network or host server performance could cause a performance bottleneck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldstarsoftware.com/papers/MakingTheMostOfTheClientCacheEngine.pdf|title=Making the Most of the Client Cache Engine|date=March 7, 2016|publisher=Goldstar Software Inc.|access-date=December 15, 2018|archive-date=December 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225259/http://www.goldstarsoftware.com/papers/MakingTheMostOfTheClientCacheEngine.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
* Connolly, P.J., “Pervasive Living Up to Its Name at 25”, SD Times, 3/15/2007, http://www.sdtimes.com/content/article.aspx?ArticleID=30319
* DatabaseJournal.com Staff, “Pervasive Expands Linux Database Offering to Support Linux Desktop and Embedded Data Needs” Database Journal, 6/17/2003, http://www.databasejournal.com/news/article.php/2223111
* DatabaseJournal.com Staff, “ Pervasive.SQL Database Updated to Enhance Security of Mission-critical Data” Database Journal, 7/22/2003, http://www.databasejournal.com/news/article.php/2238931
* Domingo, Michael, “Pervasive PSQL Certified for Windows 2008, Adds Linux Support”, Application Development Trends, 3/14/2008, http://adtmag.com/articles/2008/03/14/pervasive-psql-certified-for-windows-2008-adds-linux-support.aspx
* Information Management Editorial Staff, “40 Vendors We’re Watching in 2011”, Information Management, 3/1/2011, http://www.information-management.com/issues/21_2/40-vendors-were-watching-in-2011-10019878-1.html?pg=2
* Kilburn, Will, “Pervasive joins Magic; unveils Linux DBMS”, Application Development Trends, 6/11/2003, http://adtmag.com/articles/2003/06/11/pervasive-joins-magic-unveils-linux-dbms.aspx
* Kilburn, Will, “Pervasive upgrades database security”, Application Development Trends, 7/23/2003, http://adtmag.com/articles/2003/07/23/pervasive-upgrades-database-security.aspx
* Kyle, Jim, ''Btrieve Complete: A Guide for Developers and System Administrators'', Addison-Wesley, 1995
* Marsan, Carolyn Duffy, "Database Firm Reports Rising Demand for IPv6", NETWORKWORLD, May 17, 2010, https://web.archive.org/web/20100523052202/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/051710-ipv6-pervasive-software.html
* Monash Research, “Pervasive Summit PSQL v10”, DBMS2, 9/24/2007, http://adtmag.com/articles/2003/07/09/pervasive-gains-advanced-database-search-engine.aspx
* Seeley, Rich, “Pervasive gains advanced database search engine”, Application Development Trends, 7/9/2003, http://adtmag.com/articles/2003/07/09/pervasive-gains-advanced-database-search-engine.aspx
* Seiden, Jeff, “Quotes from Partners Supporting Novell Linux Small Business Suite 9”, Novell, March 20, 2005, http://www.novell.com/news/press/2005/3/pr05024_quotes.html
* Trocino, Richard B., ''The Illustrated Guide to NetWare Btrieve 6.x'', Golden West Products International, 1994
* White, Elizabeth, Armstrong, Bruce, and Remde, Kevin, “Pervasive Software Announces Pervasive PSQL Vx Server 11 for Virtualized Environments”, .NET Developer's Journal, 2/13/2012, http://dotnet.sys-con.com/node/2163895
* Whiting, Rick, "25 Infrastructure Software Vendors You Need to Know", CRN, July 26, 2011, http://www.crn.com/slide-shows/applications-os/231002581/25-infrastructure-software-vendors-you-need-to-know.htm;jsessionid=RjEiTtd9S-SaZB9p8vH9qA**.ecappj01?pgno=18
==References==
{{reflist}}
<!--- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --->
==External links==
* {{Official website |1=https://www.actian.com/data-management/zen-embedded-database/}} - product page
* {{Official website |1=https://www.actian.com/}} - company site
[[Category:Proprietary database management systems]]