View source for Adam Air Flight 574

{{Short description|Plane that crashed near Indonesia in 2007}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| image           = 23-3-06 CGK PK-KKW.jpg
| image_upright   = 1.15
| alt             =
| caption         = PK-KKW, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in 2006
| name            = Adam Air Flight 574
| date            = {{start date|2007|01|01|df=y}}
| type            = [[Structural failure|In-flight breakup]] due to [[inertial navigation system]] malfunction leading to [[spatial disorientation]]; [[pilot error]]<ref name=flight080325 /><ref>https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20070101-0 ''Contains final report and probable causes'' Obtained 13 January 2019</ref>
| occurrence_type = Accident
| site            = [[Makassar Strait]] off [[Majene]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]]
| coordinates     = {{coord|03|40|44|S|118|09|4|E|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| IATA            = KI574
| ICAO            = DHI574
| callsign        = ADAM SKY 574
| origin          = [[Soekarno–Hatta International Airport]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| stopover        = [[Juanda International Airport]], [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]], Indonesia
| destination     = [[Sam Ratulangi International Airport]], [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]], Indonesia
| aircraft_type   = [[Boeing 737 Classic#737-400|Boeing 737-4Q8]]
| aircraft_name   =
| operator        = [[Adam Air]]
| tail_number     = PK-KKW
| occupants       = 102
| passengers      = 96
| crew            = 6
| fatalities      = 102
| missing         =
| survivors       = 0
}}
'''Adam Air Flight 574''' ('''KI574''' or '''DHI574''') was a scheduled domestic [[Airline|passenger flight]] operated by [[Adam Air]] between the Indonesian cities of [[Soekarno–Hatta International Airport|Jakarta]], [[Juanda International Airport|Surabaya]] and [[Sam Ratulangi International Airport|Manado]]<ref name=forbes /> that crashed into the Makassar Strait near [[Polewali]] in [[Sulawesi]] on 1 January 2007.<ref name=Wreckage /> All 102 people on board were killed, making it the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-400. After this, Adam Air faced intense scrutiny by the Indonesian government, which launched a national investigation into the disaster. The government's final report, released on 25 March 2008, concluded that the pilots lost control of the aircraft after they became preoccupied with troubleshooting the [[inertial navigation system]] and inadvertently disconnected the autopilot.<ref name="flight080325" /> Despite a series of safety incidents, which contributed to the shut down of Adam Air in 2008, this was the only incident resulting in fatalities during the airline's 5-year existence.
Together with the subsequent crash of [[Adam Air Flight 172]] and several other transportation accidents, the crash contributed to the United States' downgrading of its safety rating of Indonesian aviation. This eventually led to large-scale transportation safety reforms in Indonesia. All Indonesian airlines were [[list of air carriers banned in the European Union|banned from flying into the European Union]] for several years after the crash. After numerous warnings by the authorities for Adam Air to implement safety regulations, that went unheeded, the airline was banned from flying by the Indonesian government in March 2008, and declared bankruptcy in June of the same year.<ref name="EU removes Indonesia's flag carrier Garuda from bloc's airline blacklist" />
== Background ==
=== Aircraft ===
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-4Q8 registered as PK-KKW with the [[serial number]] 24070 and line number 1665. The airplane [[First flight|first flew]] on 11 January 1989. Adam Air acquired the jet on 1 December 2005.<ref name=registration /><ref name="Boeing 4Q8" /> Prior to service with Adam Air, the aircraft was owned by [[International Lease Finance Corporation]] and has been leased to seven airlines: [[Dan-Air]], [[British Airways]], [[GB Airways]], National Jet Italia, [[Wells Fargo|Wells Fargo Bank Northwest]] (WFBN), [[Air One]] and [[Jat Airways]].<ref name=history /> The plane was equipped with 2 [[CFM International CFM56#CFM56-3 series|CFM56-3C1]] engines, had around 50,000 hours flying, and was last evaluated and declared airworthy by the Indonesian transport ministry on 25 December 2005.<ref name=servicing /> It was due to be checked again in late January 2007.<ref name=servicing /> The Surabaya airport duty manager said that there were no technical problems with the aircraft prior to departure.<ref name=newpaper />
===Pilots===
In command was 47-year-old [[Pilot in command|Captain]] Refri Agustian Widodo from [[Sidoarjo]], Indonesia, who joined Adam Air in 2006. His co-pilot was 36-year-old [[First officer (aviation)|First Officer]] Yoga Susanto from [[Magelang]], an employee of Adam Air who also joined the company in 2006. Captain Widodo was a seasoned veteran, having logged more than 13,300 hours of flying time. As pilot-in-command of Boeing 737 aircraft, he had more than 3,800 hours of experience. First Officer Susanto had 4,200 total flying hours and he had almost 1,000 hours logged as a Boeing 737 first officer.<ref name="NTSC_final" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/Final_Report_PK-KKW_Release.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225545/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/Final_Report_PK-KKW_Release.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Flight chronology==
[[File:Adam Air Flight 574.png|thumbnail|Flight 574's route]]
On 1 January 2007, at 12:59 local time (05:59 [[UTC]]),<ref name="NTSC_final" />{{rp|5}} the plane departed from [[Juanda International Airport|Juanda Airport]], [[Surabaya]], with 96 passengers (85 adults, 7 children and 4 infants), a 56 percent [[load factor (transportation)|load factor]],<ref name="Adam Air website" /> and 6 crew on board.<ref name=forbes /> The passenger list was composed mainly of Indonesian nationals with a majority of the passengers returning to Manado after New Year's Day; the foreigners were an American family of three and a German national.<ref name="oregonianpassengers" /> The two-hour flight, scheduled to arrive at [[Sam Ratulangi Airport]], [[Manado]], at 16:00 local time,{{efn|Cities on [[Java]] island, including [[Surabaya]], observe [[Time in Indonesia|one hour difference]] with cities on [[Sulawesi]] islands (Western Indonesia Time and Central Indonesia Time respectively).}} all was normal until the plane vanished from [[air traffic control]] radar screens at [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]], with the final contact at around 15:00 local time.<ref name="NTSC_final" />{{rp|8}} The last known beacon position was detected by a Singaporean satellite.<ref name="Adam Air website" /> The altitude of the plane was shown as {{convert|35000|ft|sigfig=4}} on the radar screen.<ref name=focus />
[[File:IndonesiaSulawesi.PNG|thumb|Map showing location of Sulawesi Island (light green) among the islands of Indonesia]]
Weather in the region was stormy;<ref name=edmontonsun /> the [[Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics|Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics]] noted that the cloud tops were up to {{convert|30000|ft|sigfig=3}} in height with an average [[wind speed]] of {{convert|30|kn|km/h|0}} in the area.<ref name="Jatuhnya Pesawat Adam Air di Sulawesi Barat Adalah Akibat Cuaca Buruk" /> Although the Juanda Airport operator, PT Angkasa Pura I, had given the pilot the weather conditions, the plane  departed as scheduled.<ref name="ANTARA01" /> The plane ran into [[crosswind]]s of more than {{convert|70|kn|km/h mph|0|abbr=}} over the [[Makassar Strait]], west of Sulawesi, where it changed course eastward toward land before losing contact.<ref name=cnn0601 />
Problems started when the pilots noticed an anomaly in the [[inertial reference system]] (IRS). The first officer then attempted to troubleshoot, resetting his IRS unit by switching the knob on his side to Attitude (ATT) mode; this disengaged the autopilot with a 4 second autopilot disconnect tone, effectively requiring the captain to take control and fly the plane straight and level for 30 seconds as the realignment process was completed. Neither crew member noticed the autopilot was no longer engaged, and the captain did not take control. Previous maintenance issues involving the aircraft's [[ailerons]] caused the airplane to slowly roll to the right and the nose to drop. When the aircraft reached 35 degrees right bank and increasing, a "bank angle" audible warning sounded in the cockpit.
This accident resulted from a combination of factors, including the failure of the pilots to adequately monitor the flight instruments, particularly during the final 2 minutes of the flight. Preoccupation with a malfunction of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) diverted both pilots’ attention from the flight instruments and allowed the increasing bank angle and descent to go unnoticed. The pilots did not detect and appropriately arrest the descent soon enough to prevent loss of control.
Captain Widodo told the First Officer to switch the IRS mode back to NAV, to hopefully reverse the situation. Now that the first officer's attitude indicator had returned to its normal state, First Officer Susanto could see that the aircraft was in a dangerous position, and attempted to notify the captain. When this failed, he then tried to recover the aircraft from its descent by turning the yoke to the left. Believing that the aircraft was flying straight and level, Captain Widodo then unknowingly reminded First Officer Susanto that the aircraft needed to fly straight and level in order to complete the IRS alignment process. The aircraft was now in a 100 degree right bank with a 60 degree nose down attitude. First Officer Susanto successfully notified the captain of their situation. In response to the first officer telling him to pull up to stop the rapid descent towards the sea, Captain Widodo pulled back on his yoke, and the aircraft, travelling at Mach 0.926 (92.6%  the [[speed of sound]]), experienced a force 3.5 times the force of gravity at a calibrated airspeed of 490 knots (well above its maximum speed) and began to break apart in-flight. All recordings stopped at 9,000 feet, presumably because the aircraft had fully broken apart.<ref> National Transportation Safety Committee. 25 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2014.</ref>
No [[distress signal]]s were sent by the aircraft.<ref name=thejerusalempost /><ref name="globeandmail" />
==Victims==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right"
|- style="background:#ccccff;"
! rowspan="1" |Nationality|| colspan="1" |Passengers|| colspan="1" |Crew|| colspan="1" |Total
|- valign="top"
|Germany ||1||0||1
|- valign="top"
|Indonesia{{efn|Including two passengers with Indonesian-Portuguese dual citizenship}}||92||6||98
|- valign="top"
|United States ||3||0||3
|- valign="top"
|'''Total'''||'''96'''||'''6'''||'''102'''
|}
There were 98 Indonesian and 3 American citizens on board the flight, along with one German citizen.<ref name="komonews">{{cite news|url=http://www.komonews.com/news/local/5070756.html|title=Three Oregonians aboard Indonesian plane that vanished|date=3 January 2007|access-date=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313041020/http://www.komonews.com/news/local/5070756.html|archive-date=13 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Search and rescue efforts==
3,600 army and police personnel were mobilised in the search for the missing aircraft.<ref name=swissinfo /> One [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-200]] surveillance plane, two infrared-equipped [[Fokker-50]] aircraft from the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]],<ref name="Singapore to help Indonesia locate missing Adam Air jet" /><ref name="Kirim 2 Fokker, Singapura Siapkan Infra Red Cari AdamAir" /> a [[GAF Nomad|Navy Nomad]] plane and six [[helicopter]]s were dispatched to aid searching for the missing plane from the air.<ref name=swissinfo /><ref name="Two mily planes help search for missing Adam Air" /> The Indonesian sonar-equipped ship ''Pulau Rengat'', capable of detecting underwater metallic objects later joined the team, equipped with a mini remote-controlled submarine.<ref name="Search intensifies for missing Adam Air 737" /><ref name="detik07" /> It searched the sea for five days between 3 and 8 January, without success.<ref name="UAVhuntduration" />
[[Naval ship]]s combed the Makassar Strait while military personnel went through jungles and mountains of Sulawesi.<ref name="Reuters030307" /> In the face of heavy rain and strong winds in the area, the search efforts, coordinated from Makassar city, were focused in the area between the coastal town of [[Majene]] and the mountainous region of [[Toraja]].<ref name="Reuters030307" /> The search in the two areas was due to twin signals, each carrying different [[Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon|emergency locator transmitter]] frequencies, received by a Singaporean satellite and an [[Military of Indonesia|Indonesian military]] air base.<ref name="Possible in-flight blast caused plane crash on land and sea" /> The two separate locations produced on radar screens were a spot on the sea in Majene and on land in [[Rantepao]], [[Tana Toraja]].<ref name="Bisa Jadi Pesawat AdamAir Meledak di Udara" />{{efn|An aeroplane has two [[Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon|ELTs]]: one, a portable unit, is located in the cockpit, emits on 121.5&nbsp;MHz, and is activated by the plane ditching at sea; the other, a fixed ELT near the tail, emits on 406&nbsp;MHz and is activated by a crash landing.}} Searches were then expanded throughout the Island of Sulawesi; some were triggered by unknown distress signals received by a commercial [[Lion Air]] flight and an airport.<ref name=lionairsignal /> A police officer at the [[Barru]] district police operational centre said that all the districts with stretches of coastline along the Makasser Strait had teams searching for the plane.<ref name=allheadlinenews />
The head of the National Search and Rescue Agency told the [[Associated Press]] that he believed the aircraft was probably lost at sea.<ref name="beacondamag" /> From 5 January 2007, the main focus of the search was relocated to areas south of [[Manado]], after Manado's [[Sam Ratulangi Airport]] reported detecting a signal from the plane a day before.<ref name=searchshift /> The rugged terrain coupled with thick and low hanging clouds continued to hamper the search efforts, however, and three relatives of missing passengers who overflew part of the area on a military reconnaissance plane admitted that the chances of finding the plane were slim.<ref name=dauntingtask /> Officials said that it was unlikely any bodies had remained in one piece.<ref name="thestar.com" /> On 14 January, at Indonesia's request, Singapore lent four towed [[underwater locator beacon]] detectors, sometimes called Towed Pinger Locators, and six consultants to aid in the search.<ref name=Singaporehelp /><ref name="AirWiseNews" /> One week later, one of these Towed Pinger Locators, operated from the [[USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS-65)|''USNS Mary Sears'']] successfully located the black boxes.<ref name="news.navy.mil" /> On 24 January, the British ship [[MN ''Endeavour'']] joined the search for wreckage. The ship was operated by local mining firm PT Gema Tera Mustikawati and is usually used by oil and gas drilling companies to map the seabed.<ref name="MN Endeavour" /> By then, the Indonesian government had spent an average of Rp 1 billion (about US$110,000) a day on the search.<ref name=costs />
On 10 February, search operations were officially halted by the [[BASARNAS|Search and Rescue Agency]], according to [[Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)|Transportation Minister]] [[Hatta Rajasa]], finalising the legal status of both the plane and its passengers and crew. This announcement allowed the families of the victims to start the insurance claims process.<ref name=final />
==Discovery of wreckage==
{{Location map+|Indonesia Sulawesi|float=left|width=250|caption=Locations on topographical map of Sulawesi<br />[[File:Solid black.svg|10px]] = black boxes [[File:Map symbol airport 02.png|20px]] = international airports<br />[[File:Red pog.svg|10px]] = related cities|places=
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=-3.42|long=119.35|label=[[Polewali]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=-2.6786111|long=118.8933333|label=[[Mamuju (city)|Mamuju]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=-3.6894|long=118.148|label=[[flight data recorder|FDR]]|position=right|mark=Solid black.svg}}
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=-3.6728|long=118.154|label=[[cockpit voice recorder|CVR]]|position=left|mark=Solid black.svg}}
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=1.55|long=124.926|mark=Map symbol airport 02.png|marksize=20|label=[[Sam Ratulangi Airport|MDC]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|Indonesia Sulawesi|lat=-5.062|long=119.554|mark=Map symbol airport 02.png|marksize=20|label=[[Hasanuddin International Airport|UPG]]|position=right}}
}}
===Unidentified submerged objects===
On Monday, 8 January, three large metal objects, suspected to be wreckage, were detected by the Indonesian ship [[KRI Fatahillah (361)|KRI ''Fatahillah'']]'s sonar.<ref name=seabed /> First Admiral Gatot Subyanto of the Indonesian Navy indicated three locations, between {{convert|3–6|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} apart, off [[Mamuju (city)|Mamuju]] city on Sulawesi's western coast. Due to limitations of the navy's sonar equipment, it was not clear what the metal was,<ref name=seabed /> and Indonesia had no other equipment of its own.<ref name="Indonesianaveyequipment" /> A United States Navy oceanographic survey ship, [[USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS-65)|''Mary Sears'']], arrived in the area on 9 January with better equipment to help identify the objects, and on the same date a Canadian jet with five separate air crews, working in shifts, was sent to aid with aerial mapping of the suspected location.<ref name="Canadians" /> The [[Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (Indonesia)|Indonesian Marine and Fishery Department]] has since suggested that the metal objects could instead have been instruments deployed to study the underwater sea current. A total of twelve Indonesian Navy ships were deployed in the area, including the [[KRI Ajak|KRI ''Ajak'']], [[KRI Leuser|KRI ''Leuser'']] and [[KRI Nala (363)|KRI ''Nala'']].<ref name="Jakartapost" /> Extra underwater equipment, including a metal detector and an undersea camera, was sent from the United States, and arrived aboard the USNS ''Mary Sears'' on 17 January.<ref name="Jakartapost" /><ref name=playfuls /> The [[#Cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder|flight recorders]] were subsequently located elsewhere, in the waters in an area known as [[Majene]], and a wide, sweeping search of the area revealed high amounts of scattered debris there, too. This debris was analysed to confirm it belonged to the 737.<ref name="debrisnearFDR" />
===Floating debris===
The aircraft's right [[Tailplane|horizontal stabiliser]] was found by a fisherman, south of [[Pare Pare]], about {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} off the beach on 11 January,<ref name="Tail of missing Indonesian plane found" /> although it was not originally handed in, as its discoverer thought it to be a piece of plywood, only later realising it was a piece of the tail.<ref name="boston.com" /> This was confirmed by the part number on the stabiliser, 65C25746-76, which matched that of components on the missing 737.<ref name="65&nbsp;C 25746 76">[http://www.agoravox.com/article.php3?id_article=5476 Adam Air Plane Trail Found in Parepare Bay] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209055223/http://www.agoravox.com/article.php3?id_article=5476 |date=9 February 2009 }} – [[AgoraVox]] – Obtained on 15 January 2007</ref><ref name=serialnumber /> The fisherman received a reward of 50 million rupiah (equivalent to about $5,500) for his discovery.<ref name="boston.com" /> Later, other parts of the aircraft, including passenger seats, life jackets, a food tray, part of an aircraft tire, eight pieces of aluminium and fibre, an ID card, a flare and a headrest were also recovered from the area.<ref name=morewreckage /> By 13 January, a piece of a wing was also recovered.<ref name=Jakartapost /> It is unclear whether the {{convert|1.5|m|ftin|adj=mid|-long}} section was a section of the right wing or the left wing, although it was examined in an attempt to discover this.<ref name="boston.com" /> The total count of recovered objects associated with aircraft, as of 29 January, was 206, of which 194 were definitely from the 737.<ref name=etravelblackboard2 /> Pieces of clothing thought to belong to passengers were also recovered,<ref name="boston.com" /> and on 15 January, pieces of human hair and what is thought to be human scalp were recovered from a headrest that had been pulled from the sea.<ref name=presstelegram /> They were [[DNA testing|DNA tested]] to attempt to identify them; the results of this test are, however, unknown.<ref name="boston.com" />
===Cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder===
<!-- This section only deals with the location of the CVR and FDR. Nobody except the media calls these black boxes. If you wish to add info about their recovery, please see the 'Salvage' section below. -->
On 21 January 2007, the [[flight data recorder]] (FDR) and [[cockpit voice recorder]] (CVR), popularly known as [[Flight recorder|black boxes]], were located 42 nautical miles off the coast of [[West Sulawesi]] by the US vessel ''[[USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS-65)|Mary Sears]]''.<ref name="news.navy.mil" /> The flight data recorder was located at {{coord|03|41|02|S|118|08|53|E}} at a depth of {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}}, while the cockpit voice recorder was located at {{coord|03|40|22|S|118|09|16|E}} at a depth of {{convert|1900|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="bernama27 January" /> approximately {{convert|1.4|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} apart. Indonesian vessel ''Fatahillah'' travelled to the location.<ref name="news.navy.mil" /> The ''Mary Sears'' used its [[side scan sonar]] (SSS) unit to map an area of approximately 10.3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (3 [[square nautical mile|sq nmi]]) around the recorders in high resolution, an operation that required 18 passes across the area at approximately {{convert|3|kn|km/h mph|0|abbr=}}, taking six hours per pass including lining up for the next pass. It discovered a large amount of wreckage in the area, which was considered to be all that remained of the aircraft.<ref name="news.navy.mil" /> A senior Indonesian marine official said on 24 January that he did not believe that the equipment required to retrieve the boxes from that depth was available in any Asian country.<ref name="bernama.com" /> The black boxes had a battery life of just 30 days, and would subsequently be unable to emit locator signals.<ref name="AirWiseNews" />
On 3 February, Indonesian naval vessel [[KRI Tanjung Dalpele|KRI ''Tanjung Dalpele'']] took affected families out to the crash site where a memorial service was held, which included throwing flowers into the sea.<ref name="memorial service" />
==Salvage==
[[File:US Navy 070129-N-5747D-001 The Military Sealift Command (MSC) oceanographic survey ship USNS Mary Sears (T-AGS 65) shown moored in Singapore.jpg|thumbnail|US Navy ''Mary Sears'' moored in [[Singapore]] after mapping the aircraft crash site in Sulawesi]]
On 26 January 2007, a dispute arose between Adam Air and the Indonesian government regarding the retrieval of the black boxes. Due to the depth involved, recovery required an underwater [[remotely operated vehicle]], but Indonesia did not have such equipment. Vice-president of Indonesia [[Jusuf Kalla]] went so far as to question the need to retrieve the black boxes at all, although experts said in response that the accident was of international significance as it could indicate a fault with the aircraft.<ref name=iht /> Adam Air said that in its opinion, the black boxes should be recovered, describing the accident as being relevant on both national and international levels, but refused to pay, saying that was the responsibility of the government.<ref name="AA-government dispute" /> Indonesia did request technical assistance from the United States, Japan and France.<ref name="the United States, Japan and France in talks" /> [[Jim Hall (NTSB Chairman)|Jim Hall]], a former chairman of the US [[National Transportation Safety Board]], said that it was essential the boxes be recovered quickly, as at that point their 30-day battery life was about to expire, which subsequently did happen. He cited problems such as poor visibility and strong currents making it difficult to recover the devices without the signal.<ref name=iht />
On 31 January, it was reported that the US had to withdraw the vessel ''Mary Sears'' from the searches, the US military saying that the vessel had other duties. Further funding and help from the US would have to be approved by the United States Congress. At the same time, external companies were suggested as possible retrievers of the black boxes. Indonesia continued to seek help from other countries, such as France and Japan. Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee head Setio Rahardjo maintained that Adam Air should be charged with the retrieval costs.<ref name="withdrawal of US help" />
It was originally confirmed that Indonesia would not pay for the salvage operation, and neither could they force Adam Air to do so.<ref name="Flight Global" /><ref name="Smit Internationale and Phoenix International" /><ref name="Phoenix" /> Nonetheless, Adam Air signed a contract with Phoenix International for the recovery operation.<ref name="salvage-deal" /> On 23 August, the ''Eas'' arrived in Sulawesi's Makassar port to begin salvage operations, which began with several days survey. The vessel was carrying a mini-submarine that could dive up to {{convert|6000|m|abbr=on}}, and was equipped with sonar and deep sea cameras.<ref name="ShipHereIHT" /><ref name="ShipHereReuters" />
A Phoenix International underwater robot scouring the sea off Majene on Sulawesi finally retrieved the flight data recorder on 27 August and cockpit voice recorder on 28 August. The two devices were found at a depth of around {{cvt|2000|m}} and were {{cvt|1400|m}} apart. They had moved {{cvt|10|–|15|m}} from their original locations by underwater currents.<ref name="Moved" /> The black boxes were sent to [[Washington, D.C.]] for analysis.<ref name="BlackboxRetrieved" /><ref name=Retrieved /> The final cost of the salvage operation to retrieve the black boxes was US$3 million,<ref name="3 million dollars" /> of which two million was contributed by the Indonesian government, with Adam Air paying the rest.<ref name="cost-splitting" /> Efforts continued with the hope of recovering various large pieces of wreckage from the seabed.<ref name="Wreckage recovery" />
==Investigation==
President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] ordered a full investigation to discover the cause of the aircraft's disappearance, including the cause of the accident, before the main debris field had even been found. The investigation also looked at the airworthiness of the plane and standard procedure on aircraft operations.<ref name=etravelblackboard /> A team from the United States with representatives from the [[National Transportation Safety Board]], the [[Federal Aviation Administration]], [[Boeing]] and [[General Electric]] were sent to Indonesia to assist the Indonesian National Committee for Transportation in the investigation.<ref name=ft /><ref name="USarrival" /> A wider investigation into Indonesia's transport system as a whole was planned.{{update inline|reason=What was the outcome of this investigation?|date=August 2018}} Eyewitnesses reported seeing a low-flying, unstable aircraft in the area from which the wreckage has been recovered but lost sight of it after hearing a loud bang. The chief of the Indonesian Aircraft Technicians Association, Wahyu Supriantono, said that the plane was unlikely to have suffered an in-flight break up or explosion, as the debris field would have been larger, and as a result, wreckage would have been discovered earlier.<ref name=nobreakup /> The flight recorders were recovered in August 2007, without which it would not have been possible to discover the cause of the accident.<ref name=NTSC_final />{{rp|54}} The [[National Transportation Safety Committee]] (NTSC, or KNKT as per its Indonesian name) described the near eight-month wait for the recovery of the flight recorders as "unacceptable".<ref name="Flight Global" /><ref name=NTSC_final />{{rp|54}}
On 25 March 2008, the inquiry ruled that pilot error and a faulty navigation device were to blame.<ref name=flight080325 /><ref name=bbc080325 /> While cruising at {{convert|35000|ft|m|abbr=}}, the pilots became preoccupied with troubleshooting the aircraft's two [[Inertial navigation system|inertial reference systems]] (IRS), part of the navigation system. As they were correcting the problem, they accidentally disengaged the autopilot and failed to correct for a slow right roll even after a "[[Banked turn#Banked turn in aeronautics|bank angle]]" alarm sounded. By the time the pilots noticed the situation, the bank angle had reached 100° with almost 60° nose down attitude. Contrary to the correct recovery procedure, the pilots did not level the wings before trying to regain pitch control.<ref name="NTSC_final" />{{rp|52}} The aircraft reached {{convert|490|kn|km/h}} at the end of the recording, in excess of the aircraft's [[V speeds#Regulatory V-speeds|maximum operating speed]] of ({{convert|400|kn|km/h mph|abbr=}}). The descent rate varied during the fatal dive, with a maximum recorded value of {{cvt|53760|ft/min|m/s|0}}. The tailplane suffered a structural failure 20 seconds prior to the end of the recording,<ref name="NTSC_final" />{{rp|52}} at which time the investigators concluded the aircraft was in a "critically unrecoverable state". Both flight recorders ceased to function when the 737 broke up in mid-air at {{convert|9,000|ft|m}} above sea level.<ref name="flight080325" />
The NTSC determined that:
# Flight crew coordination was less than effective, as the pilot in command (PIC) did not manage task sharing and [[crew resource management]] practices were not followed.
# The crew focused their attention on troubleshooting the Inertial Reference System (IRS) failure and neither pilot was flying the aircraft.
# After the autopilot disengaged and the aircraft exceeded 30 degrees right bank, the pilots appeared to have become spatially disoriented.
# The Adam Air syllabus of pilot training did not cover complete or partial IRS failure.
# The pilots had not received training in [[aircraft upset]] recovery, including spatial disorientation.<ref name="NTSC" />
===Maintenance concerns===
Investigators quickly became concerned about apparent poor maintenance and believed it might have been an important factor in the accident.
====Adam Air====
Adam Air's safety record, like that of a number of other Indonesian airlines at the time, has been heavily criticized. Adam Air has reportedly bullied pilots to fly planes they knew were unsafe.<ref name=controversy/> Pilots have reported repeated and deliberate breaches of international safety regulations, and aircraft being flown in non-airworthy states (including one aircraft flying with a damaged door handle and another with a damaged window) for months. Other incidents include pilots being ordered to fly aircraft even after exceeding the take-off limit of five times per pilot per day, using spare parts from other planes to keep planes in the air, and ignoring requests not to take off due to unsafe aircraft. According to the [[Associated Press]], one ex-Adam Air pilot stated that "every time you flew, you had to fight with the ground staff and the management about all the regulations you had to violate." Pilots also claimed that if they confronted their seniors, they were grounded or docked pay.<ref name=controversy/><ref name="safety concerns"/>
Founder Adam Adhitya Suherman had personally denied the accusations, stating that maintenance had made up "40 percent of our total operational costs".<ref name="Adam'sresponse"/>
====Specific aircraft====
Investigators discovered that the aircraft was the subject of a large number of maintenance discrepancies filed by pilots (called "write-ups" in the aviation industry). The highest number of complaints concerned the captain's side [[vertical speed indicator]], which informs the air crew of the {{nobreak|rate{{hsp}}{{mdash}}}}{{hsp}}in [[feet per minute]] at which the aircraft is ascending or descending. In all, 48 complaints were made regarding the instrument in the three months before the crash.<ref name=complaints /> The aircraft's [[inertial navigation system]], which informs pilots of their position, orientation, and [[velocity]], was complained about a total of thirty times.<ref name=complaints /> The ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' reported that this may be of particular significance.<ref name=complaints /> The third most-complained about instrument was a fuel differential light, which received fifteen write-ups.<ref name=complaints /> Numerous complaints were also received about inoperative cockpit instrument lights, as well as multiple other malfunctions.<ref name=complaints /> Several complaints were made that the [[Flap (aeronautics)|flaps]], which modify drag and lift during take-off and landing, were jamming at twenty-five degrees upon landing, and there were two complaints that the [[weather radar]] was faulty.<ref name=complaints />
==Legal action==
Adam Air was sued by Indonesian consumer and labour groups over the accident, for a total of one trillion rupiahs (US$100 million), to be paid to the families of the victims.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/indonesian-airline-hit-with-lawsuit-over-crash/story-e6frg6so-1111112807421|title=Indonesian airline hit with lawsuit over crash|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=10 January 2007|access-date=27 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811152533/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/indonesian-airline-hit-with-lawsuit-over-crash/story-e6frg6so-1111112807421|archive-date=11 August 2011}}</ref> According to a lawyer for the families, speaking in a press conference along with the secretary for the Adam Air KI-574 Passengers' Families Association (formed in the aftermath of the disaster), 30 of the victims' families intend to sue Boeing instead of Adam Air over the accident. This does not necessarily mean that all of the others will sue Adam Air, however, as they may not necessarily exercise their right to sue at all.<ref name="Boeingsued" /><ref name="30 families" /> Representatives of the families have explained that they believe the plane was brought down by a [[Boeing 737 rudder issues|faulty rudder control valve]], similar to the accidents involving [[United Airlines Flight 585]] and [[USAir Flight 427]], which went down in the early 1990s, although there is no evidence that proves this. They have explained that, as a result, they are suing Boeing and [[Parker Hannifin]], the valve's manufacturer, although airlines using the [[Boeing 737 Classic|737-300, -400, and -500]] have been warned about problems with the rudder control valves.{{update inline|What became of these legal cases?|date=August 2018}}
==Reaction==
===Government===
Vice-president [[Jusuf Kalla]] described the disappearance as an "international issue."<ref name=vpreaction /> A few days after the disappearance, President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] set up the [[National Team for Transportation Safety and Security]], partially as a response to the high number of recent transportation accidents in Indonesia, and partially as a direct response to the event.<ref name="NTTSS" /> The team was tasked to evaluate thoroughly the transport safety procedures and review the existing regulations on transportation.<ref name="NTTSS" /> It was not, however, to investigate accidents; the entity deemed responsible for this was the Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), or in English the National Transportation Safety Commission (NTSC), which is part of Departemen Perhubungan (Ministry of Transportation).<ref name="NTSC" />
===Adam Air===
Adam Air was accused by multiple organisations{{which|date=August 2018}} of poor maintenance, and of ordering pilots to fly in all weather and regardless of aircraft conditions. Adam Adhitya Suherman, founder of the family-run airline, has personally denied these accusations, and has said that maintenance consumes "up to 40 percent of our total operational costs".<ref name="Adam'sresponse" />
Adam Air has compensated the families of deceased passengers Rp 500 million (equivalent to about US$55,000 or €42,000) per passenger. It also compensated families of the flight crew.<ref name=costs /><ref name="US$55,000 (€42,000)">[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/23/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Plane-Crash.php Indonesian airline to give US$55,000 to relatives of crash victims] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618065256/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/23/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Plane-Crash.php |date=18 June 2008 }} ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' (Asia-Pacific section) – Retrieved 24 January 2007.</ref>
There were calls from relatives of the dead for Adam Air to build a memorial to the victims in [[Makassar]], South Sulawesi. Adam Air said that if an agreement could be reached, then they would fulfill the request.<ref name="memorial request" />
==Aftermath==
{{Cns|This accident weakened Adam Air's image, which at the time was already negative among the public because of their frequent breakdowns and delays. The crash also exacerbated financial difficulties at the airline, which ceased operations a few years later.|date=September 2024}}
The [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian government]] announced plans immediately after the accident to ban jets over ten years old for any commercial purpose.<ref name="banned jets" />{{update inline|reason=Was this plan enacted?|date=August 2018}} Previously the age limit was 35 years.<ref name="35 years or 70,000 landings" /> Although this was in response to a large number of aircraft accidents, it was mainly in response to this accident and the [[Adam Air Flight 172|Flight 172]] incident. Indonesia also announced that the Transportation Ministry would be reshuffled in response to this accident and the loss of the ferries [[MV Senopati Nusantara|MV ''Senopati Nusantara'']] and ''[[Levina 1]]''. Among those replaced were the directors of air and sea transports and the chairman of the National Committee for Transportation Safety.<ref name=reshuffle /> Indonesia also introduced a new system of ranking airlines according to their safety record, with a level one ranking meaning the airline has no serious issues, a level two ranking meaning the airline must fix problems, and a level three ranking meaning that the airline may be forced to shut down.<ref name="SeattlePi" />
In March 2007, the Indonesian government announced that Adam Air was one of fifteen airlines that would have their licences revoked within three months unless they could improve their safety standards.<ref name=shutdown /><ref name="three months" /> The other airlines included [[Batavia Air]], [[Jatayu Airlines]], [[Kartika Airlines]], [[Manunggal Air Services]], [[Transwisata Prima Aviation]] and [[Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines]].<ref name="three months" /> These airlines were all targeted as a direct result of the crash, as they were in the third level of the ranking system introduced as a result.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} All Indonesian airlines, including state-owned [[Garuda Indonesia]], were told they would need to make some improvements, with none of them receiving a level one ranking.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/classification/frontpage/2007/03/24/all_54_indonesian_airlines_told_to_raise_safety_standards|title=All 54 Indonesian airlines told to raise safety standards|newspaper=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=24 March 2007|access-date=24 March 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222055449/http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/classification/frontpage/2007/03/24/all_54_indonesian_airlines_told_to_raise_safety_standards|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>
It was reported on 28 June 2007, that Adam Air would escape closure and had been upgraded one rank in safety rating, to the middle tier. The airlines that lost their licences were Jatayu Gelang Sejahtera, Aviasi Upataraksa, Alfa Trans Dirgantara, and Prodexim. Additionally, Germania Trisila Air, Atlas Delta Setia, Survey Udara Penas, Kura-Kura Aviation and Sabang Merauke Raya Air Charter were grounded pending improvements and facing potential licence revocation.<ref>[http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/26/1962748.htm?section=justin Safety concerns ground 9 Indonesian airlines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208214833/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/26/1962748.htm?section=justin |date=8 December 2007 }} – [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] – 26 June 2007 – Retrieved 28 June 2007</ref>
On 16 April 2007, the American [[Federal Aviation Administration]]<ref>[http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/iasa/ FAA IASA Program] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102055807/http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/iasa/ |date=2 January 2015 }}</ref> responded to the results of the new airline survey by downgrading Indonesia's air safety oversight category from a 1 to a 2 because of "serious concerns" over safety. This means it views Indonesia's civil aviation authority as failing to oversee air carriers in accordance with minimum international standards.<ref name=downgrade /> As a direct result, the US Embassy in [[Jakarta]] issued a warning to all American citizens flying in or out of Indonesia to avoid using Indonesian airlines, and instead use international carriers with better safety reputations.<ref name="NoFlyIndon" /> This was followed on 28 June 2007 by the addition of all Indonesia's airlines, none of which flew to Europe at the time, to the [[List of air carriers banned in the EU]]; the ban was lifted for flag carrier Garuda Indonesia and three smaller airlines in 2009,<ref>{{cite news|date=14 July 2009|title=EU lifts Indonesian airline ban|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8150352.stm|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> and by 2018 all Indonesian airlines were once again permitted to fly to the EU.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://flightsafety.org/eu-lifts-ban-on-flights-by-indonesian-airlines/|title=EU Lifts Ban on Flights by Indonesian Airlines|work=Flight Safety Foundation|date=14 June 2018|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Budhi Mulyawan Suyitno, Director-general of civil aviation at the Indonesian transport ministry, responded by saying that he felt Indonesia had made the improvements required by the EU.<ref name=Blacklisted /><ref name=Blacklisted2 /> A blanket ban on all Indonesian airlines flying to the United States was imposed in 2007, and lifted in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2009|title=Indonesia airlines cleared to fly to United States|work=ABC News|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-15/indonesia-airlines-cleared-to-fly-to-us/7736642|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>
{{Cns|On 18 March 2008, shortly after a further accident in [[Batam]], the airline's Air Operator's Certificate was suspended by the Indonesian government. Three months later, the air certificate was revoked, and the airline ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy.|date=September 2024}}
===Flight 172===
{{main|Adam Air Flight 172}}
On 21 February 2007, just 51 days after the loss of Flight 574, [[Adam Air Flight 172|Flight 172]], an Adam Air [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-300]] aircraft (registration PK-KKV) flying from [[Jakarta]] to [[Surabaya]] had a hard landing at [[Juanda International Airport]]. The incident caused the fuselage of the plane to crack and bend in the middle, with the tail of the plane drooping towards the ground. There were no reports of serious injuries from the incident. As a result, six Adam Air 737s were grounded awaiting safety checks. Adam Air described this as "harsh punishment" for an accident it blamed on poor weather conditions, but Vice-president Kalla had said that all Boeing 737-300s should be checked.<ref name="Flight 172" />
===Alleged cockpit voice recording leakage===
[[File:Adam air fdr.ogg|thumb|The alleged recording]]
In early August 2008, a digital recording allegedly retrieved from the plane's [[cockpit voice recorder]] was widely circulated on the Internet and transcribed by the media.<ref name="Okezone: Rekaman Kotak Hitam Pesawat Adam Air" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/02/ri-may-be-breach-icao-regulation-over-quotadam-airquot-recording.html|title=RI may be in breach of ICAO regulation over 'Adam Air' recording|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=28 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104065237/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/02/ri-may-be-breach-icao-regulation-over-quotadam-airquot-recording.html|archive-date=4 January 2007 }}</ref> The recording, which had been publicly distributed through chain e-mails, begins with what is believed by some to be a conversation between pilot Refi Agustian Widodo and co-pilot Yoga Susanto before the crash. Approximately two minutes before the end of the recording, the autopilot disconnect horn can be heard to sound, followed approximately a minute later by "bank angle" warnings and the altitude alerter. Immediately thereafter, as the aircraft begins its final dive, the shotgun-like sounds of engine compressor surges and the overspeed "clacker" can be heard, along with two background voices screaming in terror and shouting out the [[Takbir]]. Towards the end of the recording, there is a dramatic increase in wind noise as well as two loud bangs, the second greater than the first, consistent with structural failure of the aircraft. This is followed 20 seconds later by abrupt silence. It is likely that, when the pilots regained visual ground contact, they quickly pulled up, overloading the horizontal stabiliser downwards and a main wing spar upwards.<ref>{{cite news|author=Widhi K|first=Nograhany|date=8 April 2008|title=Detikcom: Rekaman Adam Air Dari Cockpit Bukan ATC|language=id|trans-title=Detikcom: Adam Air Records From Cockpit Not ATC|work=detikcom|url=http://www.detiknews.com/read/2008/08/04/100801/982445/10/pengamat-rekaman-adamair-dari-cockpit-bukan-dari-atc|url-status=live|access-date=4 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211133907/http://www.detiknews.com/read/2008/08/04/100801/982445/10/pengamat-rekaman-adamair-dari-cockpit-bukan-dari-atc|archive-date=11 February 2009}}</ref> This recording was dismissed by officials who said that it was not authentic and was not the original recording.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/04/adam-air-recording-039not-original039.html|title=Adam Air recording 'not original'|work=The Jakarta Post|date=4 August 2008|access-date=4 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114224/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/04/adam-air-recording-039not-original039.html|archive-date=25 February 2014}}</ref>
==Dramatization==
The crash was featured in the seventh episode of Season 7 of the documentary series ''[[Mayday (Canadian TV series)|Mayday]]'', on the episode [[List of Mayday episodes#ep55|"Flight 574: Lost"]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Mayday - Air Crash Investigation (S01-S22) |url=http://archive.org/details/mayday-aci |access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Indonesia|Aviation}}
* [[Aviation safety]]
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft]]
* [[List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities]]
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline (A–C)]]
* [[MV Senopati Nusantara|MV ''Senopati Nusantara'']], which sank during the same storm.
*[[West Air Sweden Flight 294]]
*[[Korean Air Flight 8509]]
*[[Copa Airlines Flight 201]]
*[[Air India Flight 855]]
*[[Birgenair Flight 301]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="3 million dollars">[http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=10162&size=A Black Box of New Year plane crash found] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702021912/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en |date=2 July 2007 }} – Asia News – 29 August 2007 – retrieved on the same date.</ref>
<ref name="30 families">[http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=JAK184550&WTmodLoc=World-R5-Alertnet-2 PRESS DIGEST-Indonesian General News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213171107/http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=JAK184550&WTmodLoc=World-R5-Alertnet-2 |date=13 February 2009 }} – [[Reuters]] – Retrieved 7 February 2007.  </ref>
<ref name="35 years or 70,000 landings">{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/488120/1007659 |title=Indonesia eyes ageing planes |date=28 February 2007 |work=[[Television New Zealand]] |access-date=15 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515183428/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/488120/1007659 |archive-date=15 May 2011  }}</ref>
<ref name="AA-government dispute">[http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1251905.php/Indonesian_airline_government_battle_over_retrieval_of_black_box Indonesian airline, government battle over retrieval of black box] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205101637/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1251905.php/Indonesian_airline_government_battle_over_retrieval_of_black_box |date=5 February 2012 }}—monstersandcritics.com (news section)—Obtained on 26 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name="ANTARA01">{{cite news|publisher=[[ANTARA]]|url=http://www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=25469|title=President welcomes S'porean and US offer to help find missing Adam Air plane|access-date=4 January 2007|date=4 January 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113100945/http://www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=25469|archive-date=13 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Adam Air website">{{cite news|publisher=Adam Air |url=http://www.flyadamair.com/info/admin/fullnews.php?id=2 |title=Adam Air News Alert |access-date=3 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928181107/http://www.flyadamair.com/info/admin/fullnews.php?id=2 |archive-date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Adam'sresponse">{{cite news|url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/01/23/adam-air-denies-costcutting-measures.html |title=Adam Air denies cost-cutting measures|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=23 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104065237/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/01/23/adam-air-denies-costcutting-measures.html|archive-date=4 January 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="AirWiseNews">[http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1169736849.html Adam Air 737 Black Box Detected] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127082020/http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1169736849.html |date=27 January 2007 }} – Airwise Press Release – Obtained on 25 January 2007.</ref>
<!-- A list-defined reference named "BBC" is not used in the content<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6224747.stm|title=Confusion mounts over Java plane|access-date=2 January 2007|date=2 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104065237/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6224747.stm|archive-date=4 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> -->
<ref name="Bisa Jadi Pesawat AdamAir Meledak di Udara">{{cite news|publisher=Detik.com |url=http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/171725/idnews/726547/idkanal/10|title=Bisa Jadi Pesawat AdamAir Meledak di Udara|access-date=4 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070107173130/http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/171725/idnews/726547/idkanal/10|archive-date=7 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="BlackboxRetrieved">[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/JAK181912.htm Black box retrieved from crashed Indonesian plane] – [[Reuters]] – 28 August 2007 – Retrieved on the same date  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720042128/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/JAK181912.htm |date=20 July 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name=Blacklisted>[https://www.theguardian.com/airlines/story/0,,2114555,00.html EU bans 'unsafe' airlines from flights to the continent] – ''[[The Guardian]]'' – 28 June 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007</ref>
<ref name=Blacklisted2>[http://in.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2007-06-28T181945Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_India-282166-3.xml&archived=False EU bans all Indonesian airlines from its airspace]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – [[Reuters]] – 28 June 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007</ref>
<ref name="Boeing 4Q8">[http://www.airfleets.net/crash/crash_report_AdamAir_PK-KKW.htm Accident information : Boeing 737 AdamAir PK-KKW] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414225500/http://www.airfleets.net/crash/crash_report_AdamAir_PK-KKW.htm |date=14 April 2015 }} – airfleets.net. Retrieved 25 September 2007</ref>
<ref name="Boeingsued">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/07/adam-air-families-sue-boeing.html |title=Adam Air families to sue Boeing |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=7 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114227/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/07/adam-air-families-sue-boeing.html |archive-date=25 February 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name="Canadians">{{cite news|publisher=Media Indonesia |url=http://www.media-indonesia.com/berita.asp?id=121590 |title=Kanada Kirim Sebuah Pesawat Bantu Cari Adam Air |date=9 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004213110/http://www.media-indonesia.com/berita.asp?id=121590 |archive-date=4 October 2007 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
<!-- A list-defined reference named "Channelnewsasia" is not used in the content<ref name=Channelnewsasia>{{cite news|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250293/1/.html |title=Rescuers have not found Indonesia plane wreck: military|access-date=2 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110162318/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250293/1/.html|archive-date=January 10, 2007}}</ref> -->
<ref name="EU removes Indonesia's flag carrier Garuda from bloc's airline blacklist">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/economy/ap/50727847.html|title=EU removes Indonesia's flag carrier Garuda from bloc's airline blacklist|magazine=Washington Examiner|date=14 July 2009|access-date=28 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="Flight 172">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/waikatotimes/3970887a12.html Checks urged after passenger jet cracks on landing] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20070301112049/http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/waikatotimes/3970887a12.html |date=1 March 2007 }} – stuff.co.nz – Published Saturday, 24 February 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="Flight Global">[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/03/05/212401/indonesias-aviation-safety-agency-to-publish-preliminary-report-into-new-years-day-adam-air-crash.html Indonesia's aviation safety agency to publish preliminary report into New Year's Day Adam Air crash despite failure to locate black boxes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041750/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/03/05/212401/indonesias-aviation-safety-agency-to-publish-preliminary-report-into-new-years-day-adam-air-crash.html |date=30 September 2007 }} – Flightglobal. Retrieved 5 March 2007.</ref>
<!--  not actually used
<ref name="Gulf-T">[http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=138709&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25 Victims of crash sue Boeing in US] – ''[[Gulf Times]]''. Retrieved 24 March 2007.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114121451/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=138709&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25 |date=14 January 2012 }}</ref>
-->
<ref name="Indonesianaveyequipment">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/08/content_5580051.htm Indonesia: metal object detected during plane search] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102202724/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/08/content_5580051.htm |date=2 November 2012 }} – Xinhua. Retrieved 16 January 2007</ref>
<ref name="Jakartapost">[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailnational.asp?fileid=20070114.A05&irec=0 Technical help awaited as plane search continues] – The Jakarta Post  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225347/http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailnational.asp?fileid=20070114.A05&irec=0 |date=26 September 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Jatuhnya Pesawat Adam Air di Sulawesi Barat Adalah Akibat Cuaca Buruk">{{cite news|url=http://www.flyadamair.com/info/admin/fullnews.php?id=6|access-date=2 January 2007|publisher=[[Adam Air]]|title=Jatuhnya Pesawat Adam Air di Sulawesi Barat Adalah Akibat Cuaca Buruk|language=id|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928181101/http://www.flyadamair.com/info/admin/fullnews.php?id=6|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="Kirim 2 Fokker, Singapura Siapkan Infra Red Cari AdamAir">{{cite news|url=http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/224709/idnews/726615/idkanal/10|publisher=Detik.com|title=Kirim 2 Fokker, Singapura Siapkan Infra Red Cari AdamAir|date=3 January 2007|access-date=3 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180324/http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/224709/idnews/726615/idkanal/10|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="MN Endeavour">[http://english.people.com.cn/200701/24/eng20070124_344324.html British ship joins search of Indonesian plane] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014064336/http://english.people.com.cn/200701/24/eng20070124_344324.html |date=14 October 2012 }} – ''[[People's Daily]]'' Online – Obtained on 26 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name=Moved>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailgeneral.asp?fileid=20070831164740&irec=0 Crashed Adam Air black box arrives in Makassar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104636/http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailgeneral.asp?fileid=20070831164740&irec=0 |date=29 September 2007 }} – [[The Jakarta Post]] – 31 August 2007 – Obtained same date.</ref>
<ref name="NTSC">[http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) official site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928033108/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ |date=28 September 2007 }}. Retrieved 20 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name="NTTSS">[http://www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=25887 President forms national team to evaluate transportation safety, security] – ANTARA News. Retrieved 20 January 2007  {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref name="NoFlyIndon">[http://www.aero-news.net/news/commair.cfm?ContentBlockID=2B120081-7C0C-425B-8D3B-D6F412C1AAA6&Dynamic=1 US Warns Against Flying Indonesian Airlines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234644/http://www.aero-news.net/news/commair.cfm?ContentBlockID=2B120081-7C0C-425B-8D3B-D6F412C1AAA6&Dynamic=1 |date=26 September 2007 }} – Aero-News – 21 April 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2007</ref>
<ref name="Okezone: Rekaman Kotak Hitam Pesawat Adam Air">{{cite web|url=http://video.okezone.com/play/2008/08/02/236/2569/rekaman-kotak-hitam-pesawat-adamair |title=Okezone: Rekaman Kotak Hitam Pesawat Adam Air |publisher=Video.okezone.com |access-date=28 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119054611/http://video.okezone.com/play/2008/08/02/236/2569/rekaman-kotak-hitam-pesawat-adamair |archive-date=19 November 2010  }}</ref>
<ref name="Phoenix">[http://www.shephard.co.uk/UVOnline/default.aspx?Action=-187126550&ID=e42a4dfc-5c55-4800-91bd-5f4022bd7985 Phoenix international details key role in locating lost Adam Air Flight 574] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610185702/http://www.shephard.co.uk/UVOnline/default.aspx?Action=-187126550&ID=e42a4dfc-5c55-4800-91bd-5f4022bd7985 |date=10 June 2008 }} – shephard.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="Possible in-flight blast caused plane crash on land and sea">{{cite news |publisher=Asianews.it|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8143&size=A |title=Possible in-flight blast caused plane crash on land and sea|access-date=4 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070122100659/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8143&size=A|archive-date=22 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Retrieved>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/08/28/216338/adam-air-737-recorders-finally-retrieved-from-seabed.html Adam Air 737 recorders finally retrieved from seabed] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930045728/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/08/28/216338/adam-air-737-recorders-finally-retrieved-from-seabed.html |date=30 September 2007 }} – by [[Flight Global]]'s Nicholas Ionides – 28 August 2007 – Retrieved on the same date</ref>
<ref name="Reuters030307">{{cite news|title=Anger as Indonesia resumes search for airliner |work=Reuters |url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2007-01-03T143204Z_01_JAK149439_RTRUKOC_0_US-INDONESIA-PLANE.xml&WTmodLoc=Home-C5-worldNews-3 |date=3 January 2007 |access-date=3 January 2007 |author=Ahmad Pathoni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331061726/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews |archive-date=31 March 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Search intensifies for missing Adam Air 737">{{cite news|url=http://atwonline.com/news/story.html?storyID=7493 |publisher=Air Transport World Magazine |title=Search intensifies for missing Adam Air 737 |date=4 January 2007 |access-date=8 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001338/http://atwonline.com/news/story.html?storyID=7493 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="SeattlePi">[https://archive.today/20130104162452/http://www.seattlepi.com/business/304997_boeingindonesia24.html Indonesia may expand inspection of Boeing jets – Accident prompts scrutiny of 737-300s] – ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer''.nwsource.com. Retrieved 1 March 2007.</ref>
<ref name="ShipHereIHT">[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/23/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Jetliner-Crash.php Retrieval efforts to begin for blackbox of sunken Indonesian jetliner] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618063304/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/23/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Jetliner-Crash.php |date=18 June 2008 }} – [[International Herald Tribune]] – 23 August 2007 – Retrieved on the same date</ref>
<ref name="ShipHereReuters">[http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKJAK16951820070823 Ship arrives in Indonesia to seek plane's black box] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825214227/http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKJAK16951820070823 |date=25 August 2007 }} – [[Reuters]] – 23 August 2007 – Retrieved on the same date</ref>
<ref name="Singapore to help Indonesia locate missing Adam Air jet">{{cite news|url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/250461/1/.html |publisher=Channel NewsAsia|title=Singapore to help Indonesia locate missing Adam Air jet |date=3 January 2007|access-date=3 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117094947/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/250461/1/.html|archive-date=17 January 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=Singaporehelp>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/252496/1/.html Singapore's Navy joins search for missing Indonesian airliner] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117023438/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/252496/1/.html |date=17 January 2007 }} – Channel NewsAsia. Obtained on 16 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name="Smit Internationale and Phoenix International">[http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/12/bloomberg/sxadam.php Indonesia's Adam Air to continue expansion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613193928/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/12/bloomberg/sxadam.php |date=13 June 2008 }}. Retrieved 15 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="Tail of missing Indonesian plane found">{{cite news|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/tail-of-missing-indonesian-plane-found/2007/01/11/1168105091090.html|title=Tail of missing Indonesian plane found|date=10 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019154757/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/tail-of-missing-indonesian-plane-found/2007/01/11/1168105091090.html|archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Two mily planes help search for missing Adam Air">{{cite news|url=http://www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=25466 |publisher=[[ANTARA]] |title=Two mily planes help search for missing Adam Air |date=3 January 2007 |access-date=3 January 2007 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="UAVhuntduration">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/08/content_5579427.htm Unmanned undersea vehicle searching for missing Indonesian plane] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102202633/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/08/content_5579427.htm |date=2 November 2012 }} – Xinhua. Retrieved 16 January 2007</ref>
<ref name="USarrival">[http://www.knx1070.com/pages/178654.php?contentType=4&contentId=284554 U.S. Aviation Experts Are Helping With the Investigation] – KNX – Retrieved 7 January 2007.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211113246/http://www.knx1070.com/pages/178654.php?contentType=4&contentId=284554 |date=11 February 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="Wreckage recovery">[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22323700-2703,00.html Crashed jet's black box found] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830182717/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22323700-2703,00.html |date=30 August 2007 }} – Stephen Fitzpatrick – ''The Australian'' – 29 August 2007 – Obtained same date</ref>
<ref name=Wreckage>{{cite news|title=Wreckage of plane found in Indonesian mountains|publisher=Indahnesia.com|url=http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/event/46/adam_air_plane_missing.php|access-date=3 January 2007|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221155959/http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/event/46/adam_air_plane_missing.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="allheadlinenews">[http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7006147045 Indonesia Plane Crash Still A Mystery] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613020125/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7006147045 |date=13 June 2008 }} – AllHeadlineNews.com – Retrieved 17 January 2007</ref>
<ref name="banned jets">[http://www.theage.com.au/news/travel/plane-ban-after-crack-landing/2007/02/28/1172338695235.html Plane ban after 'crack' landing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624031021/http://www.theage.com.au/news/travel/plane-ban-after-crack-landing/2007/02/28/1172338695235.html |date=24 June 2012 }} – ''The Age''. Retrieved 28 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="bbc080325">{{cite news|title=Pilots blamed in Indonesian crash |publisher=[[BBC]]|date=25 March 2008|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7312069.stm|access-date=25 March 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080326194322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7312069.stm|archive-date=26 March 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=beacondamag>{{cite news|publisher=[[CNN]]|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/01/03/indonesia.plane.ap/ |title=Ocean scoured for Indonesia jet|access-date=3 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070105235822/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/01/03/indonesia.plane.ap/|archive-date=5 January 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="bernama.com">[http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243209 /Missing Adam Air Plane Blackbox Detected] – Bernama.com- Obtained on 24 January 2007  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213191803/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243209 |date=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="bernama27 January">{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243703 |title=SAR Team Stops Search For Adam Air Plane |publisher=Bernama.com.my |access-date=28 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213185854/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243703 |archive-date=13 February 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="boston.com">[http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2007/01/14/indonesia_to_dna_test_human_fragments_in_plane_hunt/ Indonesia to DNA test human fragments in plane hunt] – Boston.com – Obtained on 15 January 2007  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625070633/http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2007/01/14/indonesia_to_dna_test_human_fragments_in_plane_hunt/ |date=25 June 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="cnn0601">{{cite news|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 January 2007|title=Lost plane 'battled 130&nbsp;km/h winds' |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/01/06/indonesia.plane.ap/|date=6 January 2007}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>
<ref name=complaints>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/30/news/adamside.php Adam Air jet subject of pilot complaints before crash] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226183108/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/30/news/adamside.php |date=26 February 2007 }} – ''International Herald Tribune''. Retrieved 30 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name=controversy>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070212064122/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/IA24Ae01.html Falling skies for Indonesian aviation] – Asia Times – Obtained on 27 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name="cost-splitting">[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/08/29/adam-air-black-box-retrieved-salvage-team.html Adam Air black box retrieved by salvage team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114235/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/08/29/adam-air-black-box-retrieved-salvage-team.html |date=25 February 2014 }} – Alvin Darlanika Soedarjo – [[The Jakarta Post]] – 29 August 2007 – Obtained same date.</ref>
<ref name=costs>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaileditorial.asp?fileid=20070124.E01&irec=0 Lesson learned from accidents] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095940/http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaileditorial.asp?fileid=20070124.E01&irec=0 |date=29 September 2007 }} – The Jakarta Post – Obtained on 24 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name=dauntingtask>{{cite news|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/251149/1/.html |title=Daunting task as Indonesia steps up airliner search|access-date=8 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109055102/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/251149/1/.html|archive-date=9 January 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="debrisnearFDR">[http://www.koin.com/Global/story.asp?S=5988851 Black Box Found From New Year's Day Plane Crash]– KOIN News 6. Retrieved 25 January 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928084254/http://www.koin.com/Global/story.asp?S=5988851 |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>
<!-- A list-defined reference named "desastres" is not used in the content<ref name="desastres">[http://www.desastres.org/noticias.asp?id=29012007-12 Black Box from Missing Indonesian Plane May Have Been Found]– Desatres.org. Retrieved 29 January 2007. {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> -->
<ref name="detik07">{{cite news |url= http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/160743/idnews/726513/idkanal/10|publisher=Detik.com|title=Cari Bangkai AdamAir, TNI AL Kerahkan KRI Bersonar|date=4 January 2007|access-date=4 January 2007|language=id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070105090726/http://www.detiknews.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/01/tgl/03/time/160743/idnews/726513/idkanal/10|archive-date=5 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=downgrade>[http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/travel/06tranairline.html F.A.A. Downgrades Indonesian Air System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624141502/http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/travel/06tranairline.html |date=24 June 2012 }} – ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved 5 May 2007.</ref>
<ref name="edmontonsun">{{cite news|publisher=Edmonton sun.com |url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/World/2007/01/01/3116053.html|title=Flight missing in bad weather|access-date=1 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611091541/http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/World/2007/01/01/3116053.html|archive-date=11 June 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="etravelblackboard">{{cite press release|publisher=e-Travel Blackboard|url= http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id=59998&nav=2|title=Missing Indonesian aircraft still missing despite claims of survivors|access-date=2 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104063808/http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id=59998&nav=2|archive-date=4 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="etravelblackboard2">[http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id=60854&nav=2 Adam Air black box detected, search for plane slowed] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223200912/http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id=60854&nav=2 |date=23 February 2012 }} – e-Travel Blackboard – Press Release. Retrieved 29 January 2007</ref>
<ref name=final>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailnational.asp?fileid=20070210.H07&irec=6 Missing airliner's status is final, minister says] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104835/http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailnational.asp?fileid=20070210.H07&irec=6 |date=29 September 2007 }} – The Jakarta Post – Obtained on 10 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="flight080325">{{cite news|last=Ionides|first=Nicholas|title=Final report: Adam Air 737 plunged into sea after pilots lost control|work=[[Flight International]]|date=25 March 2008|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/25/222430/final-report-adam-air-737-plunged-into-sea-after-pilots-lost-control.html|access-date=25 March 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080327195818/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/25/222430/final-report-adam-air-737-plunged-into-sea-after-pilots-lost-control.html| archive-date=27 March 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=focus>{{cite news|agency=Focus News Agency |date=1 January 2007 |url=http://www.focus-fen.net/index.php?id=n102522 |title=Search on for Missing Indonesian Plane |access-date=1 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230157/http://www.focus-fen.net/index.php?id=n102522 |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name=forbes>{{cite news|work=Forbes|date=1 January 2007 |url=https://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2007/01/01/ap3290775.html|title=Plane Carrying 102 Missing in Indonesia|access-date=1 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070103222229/http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2007/01/01/ap3290775.html|archive-date=3 January 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=ft>{{cite news|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/02168706-9a65-11db-bbd2-0000779e2340.html|title=Mountains searched for Indonesian aircraft |access-date=3 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070104024530/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/02168706-9a65-11db-bbd2-0000779e2340.html|archive-date=4 January 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="globeandmail">{{cite news|work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070104.windonplane0104/BNStory/International/home |title=Indonesian jet didn't send out distress signal |access-date=4 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610071844/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070104.windonplane0104/BNStory/International/home |archive-date=10 June 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name=history>{{cite news|publisher=Airfleets |url=http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-b737-24070.htm |title=AdamAir PK-KKW Airfleets|access-date=3 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070107155620/http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-b737-24070.htm|archive-date=7 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=iht>{{cite news|title=Experts say investigation into Indonesian plane crash important to global aviation safety|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/27/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Plane.php|work=International Herald Tribune |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=29 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070226183316/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/27/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Plane.php|archive-date= 26 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="lionairsignal">{{cite news |publisher=Liputan 6 SCTV |url=http://liputan6.com/view/7,135316,1,0,1168015253.html |title=Pesawat Lion Air Terima Sinyal Bahaya di Laut Banda|access-date=5 January 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref name="memorial request">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/04/relatives-pay-last-respects-sea-ritual.html |title=Relatives pay last respects in sea ritual |work=The Jakarta Post |access-date=4 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114218/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/04/relatives-pay-last-respects-sea-ritual.html |archive-date=25 February 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name="memorial service">[http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1255099.php/Families_commemorate_air_accident_dead_at_watery_wreckage_site Families commemorate air accident dead at watery wreckage site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124703/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/news/article_1255099.php/Families_commemorate_air_accident_dead_at_watery_wreckage_site |date=29 September 2007 }} – monstersandcritics.com. Retrieved 3 February 2007.</ref>
<ref name="morewreckage">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2007/01/2008525142159410157.html|title=Parts of lost Indonesian jet found|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|date=11 January 2007|access-date=11 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118222637/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2007/01/2008525142159410157.html|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=newpaper>{{cite news|publisher=[[The Electric New Paper]] |location=Singapore |url=http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/news/story/0,4136,120547,00.html |title=Now, search on for missing plane |access-date=3 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109160223/http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/news/story/0%2C4136%2C120547%2C00.html |archive-date=9 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="NTSC_final">{{cite web|title=BOEING 737-4Q8, PK-KKW, MAKASSAR STRAIT, SULAWESI, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA 1 JANUARY 2007|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/AAIR/pdf/Final_AdamAir_PK_KKW_17032008.pdf|date=25 March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180956/http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/AAIR/pdf/Final_AdamAir_PK_KKW_17032008.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=2014-11-20|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Committee]]}}</ref>
<ref name="news.navy.mil">[http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=27504 USNS Mary Sears, Search Team Return From Successful Mission In Indonesia]. Retrieved 30 January 2007.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210113343/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=27504 |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name=nobreakup>[http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=16857 Wreckage of missing Indonesian plane found] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615052128/http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=16857 |date=15 June 2008 }} – [[The Brunei Times]] Obtained on 12 January 2007</ref>
<ref name="oregonianpassengers">{{cite news|url=http://www.bendbulletin.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070103/NEWS0107/701030335/1051 |publisher=The Bend Bulletin |title=Three from Bend on plane that crashed in Indonesia |access-date=9 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000823/http://www.bendbulletin.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070103%2FNEWS0107%2F701030335%2F1051 |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name=playfuls>[http://www.playfuls.com/news_10_9548-Metal-Detector-Arrives-To-Help-Locate-Missing-Indonesian-Airplane.html Metal Detector Arrives To Help Locate Missing Indonesian Airplane] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212010524/http://www.playfuls.com/news_10_9548-Metal-Detector-Arrives-To-Help-Locate-Missing-Indonesian-Airplane.html |date=12 February 2009 }} – Playfuls.com – Retrieved 17 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name=presstelegram>[http://www.presstelegram.com/ci_5017388 Investigators say fuel spill may be from downed Indonesian jetliner] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224200840/http://www.presstelegram.com/ci_5017388 |date=24 February 2012 }} – Long Beach Press-Telegram, CA. Retrieved 15 January 2007</ref>
<ref name=registration>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Kompas]]|url=http://www.kompas.co.id/ver1/Nasional/0701/02/003103.htm|title=Nasib 96 Penumpang, Pilot dan Kru Tidak Diketahui|access-date=3 January 2007|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104125942/http://www.kompas.co.id/ver1/Nasional/0701/02/003103.htm|archive-date=4 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name=reshuffle>[http://english.people.com.cn/200702/27/eng20070227_352739.html Indonesia plans to reshuffle transportation ministry after accident: paper] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605231827/http://english.people.com.cn/200702/27/eng20070227_352739.html |date=5 June 2011 }} – People's Daily Online. Retrieved 1 March 2007.</ref>
<ref name="safety concerns">[http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/1-01162007-1058803.html Pilots concerned over Indonesia airlines] {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – phillbyblurbs.com. Retrieved 27 January 2007.</ref>
<!-- A list-defined reference named "salvage costs" is not used in the content<ref name="salvage costs">[http://www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2007/01/31/brk,20070131-92285,uk.html Government Asks Adam Air to Pay for Salvage]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222132542/http://www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2007/01/31/brk%2C20070131-92285%2Cuk.html |date=22 February 2012 }} – TempoInteractive. Retrieved 2 February 2007.</ref> -->
<ref name="salvage-deal">[http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?ContentBlockID=6bd232b1-10a1-44a1-8526-0d0e1010b9c7 Adam Air To Retrieve Black Box From New Year's Day Crash] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234653/http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?ContentBlockID=6bd232b1-10a1-44a1-8526-0d0e1010b9c7 |date=26 September 2007 }} – ''Aero News''. Retrieved 31 May 2007. Published 28 May 2007.</ref>
<ref name=seabed>{{cite news|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6240405.stm|title=Airline hunt spots metal in sea |access-date=8 January 2007 | date=8 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070110090138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6240405.stm|archive-date=10 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=searchshift>{{cite news|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250807/1/.html |title=Indonesia shifts search for missing plane after beacon signal |access-date=5 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211040236/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250807/1/.html|archive-date=11 February 2009}}</ref>
<ref name=serialnumber>[https://archive.today/20120912032814/http://www.kare11.com/news/national/national_article.aspx?storyid=146454 Pieces of missing plane found in Indonesian waters] – [[KARE (TV)|KARE 11]].com. Retrieved 11 January 2007</ref>
<ref name=servicing>{{cite news|work=Reuters |url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2007-01-02T215051Z_01_JAK149439_RTRUKOC_0_US-INDONESIA-PLANE.xml&pageNumber=2&imageid=&cap=&sz=13&WTModLoc=NewsArt-C1-ArticlePage2 |title=Missing airliner not located: Indonesian officials |access-date=3 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331061726/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews |archive-date=31 March 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name=shutdown>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailgeneral.asp?fileid=20070316175515&irec=2 Adam Air braces for possible closure after string of plane accidents] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083728/http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailgeneral.asp?fileid=20070316175515&irec=2 |date=29 September 2007 }} – [[The Jakarta Post]]. Retrieved 16 March 2007.</ref>
<ref name=swissinfo>{{cite news|url= http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/international/ticker/detail/Indonesia_steps_up_search_for_missing_plane.html?siteSect=143&sid=7407710&cKey=1168168106000|author=Ahmad Pathoni|title= Indonesia steps up search for missing plane|publisher=[[swissinfo]]|date=7 January 2007|access-date=7 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071205214819/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/international/ticker/detail/Indonesia_steps_up_search_for_missing_plane.html?siteSect=143&sid=7407710&cKey=1168168106000|archive-date=5 December 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="the United States, Japan and France in talks">[http://www.playfuls.com/news_10_11202-Indonesia-Seeks-Help-To-Retrieve-Crashed-Jetliners-black-Box.html Indonesia Seeks Help To Retrieve Crashed Jetliner's "black Box"]—Playfuls.com—Obtained 29 January 2007.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210115510/http://www.playfuls.com/news_10_11202-Indonesia-Seeks-Help-To-Retrieve-Crashed-Jetliners-black-Box.html |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name=thejerusalempost>{{cite news|work=The Jerusalem Post|url= http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467661553&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130706010320/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467661553&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|url-status= dead|archive-date= 6 July 2013|title=Missing Indonesian jet did not call for help|access-date=4 January 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="thestar.com">[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/12/worldupdates/2007-01-12T143348Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-283254-2&sec=Worldupdates Indonesia plane search narrows after debris found] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010114634/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F1%2F12%2Fworldupdates%2F2007-01-12T143348Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-283254-2&sec=Worldupdates |date=10 October 2012 }}. ''The Star'' (Malaysia). Retrieved 12 January 2007</ref>
<ref name="three months">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/05/15/take-these-chains-and-set-me-free.html |title=Take These Chains and Set me Free |archive-date=26 September 2007 |work=Jakarta Post |access-date=22 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224638/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/05/15/take-these-chains-and-set-me-free.html }}</ref>
<ref name=vpreaction>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070324210257/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=9fff2197-421a-4f18-9db8-1a256fdec1e0&k=88573 Missing airliner 'international issue': Indonesian VP] – ''[[The Vancouver Sun]]''. Retrieved 7 January 2007.</ref>
<ref name="withdrawal of US help">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/01/us-can039t-help-ri-retrieve-black-box.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224638/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/02/01/us-can039t-help-ri-retrieve-black-box.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2007|title= US can't help RI retrieve black box|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=1 February 2007}}</ref>
}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last= Cramoisi|first= George|title= Air Crash Investigations: The Plane That Vanished, the Crash of Adam Air Flight 574|year= 2010|publisher= Mabuhay Publishing|location= Manila| isbn =978-0-557-54189-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dudi |first1=Sudibyo |last2=Handoyo |first2=Singgih |date=2011 |title=Aviapedia: Ensiklopedia Umum Penerbangan |trans-title= Aviapedia: General Aviation Encyclopedia |language=id|location=Jakarta|publisher= PT Kompas Media Nusantara| isbn=978-979-709-547-5}}
==External links==
{{external media
|float  = right
|width  =
|image1 = [http://www.airliners.net/search?manufacturerSerialNumber=24070&display=detail Pre-accident pictures of the aircraft]}}
* [[National Transportation Safety Committee]]
** [http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/AAIR/pdf/Final_AdamAir_PK_KKW_17032008.pdf Final report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180956/http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/AAIR/pdf/Final_AdamAir_PK_KKW_17032008.pdf |date=23 September 2015 }} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110716115520/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/Final_Report_PK-KKW_Release.pdf Archive])
** [http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_home/Media_Release/EMR_Adam_Air_PK-KKW.pdf PUBLIC RELEASE OF FINAL REPORT – PK-KKW – FL DHI 574] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110928004157/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_home/Media_Release/EMR_Adam_Air_PK-KKW.pdf Archive])
** {{in lang|id}} [http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_home/Media_Release/Pembukaan_Public_Release_PK-KKW_25_Maret_2008.pdf PEMBUKAAN PUBLIC RELEASE PK-KKW TGL 25 MARET 200] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110928004256/http://www.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_home/Media_Release/Pembukaan_Public_Release_PK-KKW_25_Maret_2008.pdf Archive])
* [http://www.tailstrike.com/010107.html Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary]
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia in the 2000s}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 2007}}
[[Category:2007 disasters in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2007]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Classic]]
[[Category:Marine salvage operations]]
[[Category:January 2007 in Indonesia]]
[[Category: Adam Air accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Makassar Strait]]