View source for Aeroflot

{{short description|Flag carrier of Russia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox airline
| airline = Aeroflot {{ndash}} Russian Airlines<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Аэрофлот {{ndash}} Российские авиалинии}}}}
| image =
| logo = Aeroflot Logo en.svg
| logo_size = 252
| IATA = SU
| ICAO = AFL
| callsign = AEROFLOT
| founded = {{Start date and age|1932|02|25|df=y}}
| commenced = {{Start date and age|1932|02|25|df=y}}
| ceased =
| aoc =
| hubs = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|[[Krasnoyarsk International Airport|Krasnoyarsk–International]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/ekonomika/11513311|title="Аэрофлот" открыл международный хаб в Красноярске|newspaper=TASS|date=31 May 2021}}</ref>
* {{nowrap|[[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]]}}
* {{nowrap|[[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/su-afl/routes | title= Flightradar24 data, Aeroflot routes}}</ref>
}}
| focus_cities = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|[[Irkutsk International Airport|Irkutsk]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com" />
* {{nowrap|[[Khabarovsk Novy Airport|Khabarovsk]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com" />
* {{nowrap|[[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com" />
* {{nowrap|[[Vladivostok International Airport|Vladivostok]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com" />
* {{nowrap|[[Koltsovo International Airport|Yekaterinburg]]}}<ref name="flightradar24.com" />
}}
| frequent_flyer = Aeroflot Bonus
| traded_as = {{MICEX-RTS|AFLT}}
| alliance = {{plainlist|
* [[SkyTeam]] (suspended)
* [[SkyTeam Cargo]] (suspended)
}}
| subsidiaries = {{unbulleted list||[[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]]|[[Rossiya Airlines]]}}<ref name=AeroflotProfile/>
| fleet_size = 171, excluding subsidiaries<ref name="plane_park">{{cite web | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/xx-en/about/plane_park |title= Aircraft Fleet | publisher= Aeroflot}}</ref>
| destinations = 104 (airline group)<ref name="ch-aviation">{{Cite web | url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/airline/SU | title=Aeroflot on ch-aviation | website=ch-aviation}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[Moscow, Russia]]
| key_people = [[:d:Q4448394|Sergei Alexandrovsky]] ([[Chairman of the board|Chairman]], [[CEO]])<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/834022 | title=Совет директоров Аэрофлота утвердил Александровского на посту генерального директора | date=8 April 2022 | publisher=[[Интерфакс]] | language=ru}}</ref>
| revenue = {{increase}} ₽612 billion (2023)<ref name=2023results>{{Cite press release | url=https://ir.aeroflot.com/fileadmin/user_upload/files/mfso23/2024_03_05_AFLT_12M_2023_IFRS_press_release_RUS_ENG_final.pdf | title=AEROFLOT ANNOUNCES FY 2023 IFRS FINANCIAL RESULTS | publisher=Aeroflot | date=5 March 2024}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} ₽182 million (2023)<ref name=2023results/>
| net_income = {{increase}} -₽14 million (2023)<ref name=2023results/>
| assets = {{decrease}} ₽957 billion (2022)<ref name=2023results/>
| equity = {{decrease}} -₽99 billion (2022)<ref name=2023results/>
| num_employees = 30,328 (Aeroflot Group)
| website = {{URL|https://www.aeroflot.ru}}<br>{{URL|https://www.aeroflot.com}}
}}
'''PJSC Aeroflot{{spaced ndash}}Russian Airlines''' ({{langx|ru|ПАО «Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии»}}, {{transliteration|ru|''PAO Aeroflot — Rossiyskiye avialinii''}}), commonly known as '''Aeroflot''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|ɛər|oʊ|ˌ|f|l|ɒ|t}} or {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Aeroflot from Russia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|ˌ|ɛər|oʊ|ˈ|f|l|ɒ|t}}; {{langx|ru|Аэрофлот}}, {{trans|"air fleet"}}, {{IPA|ru|ɐɛrɐˈfɫot|pron}}), is the [[flag carrier]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2022/03/07/aeroflot-sanctions-flights-canceled-planes-seized-eu-russia-sanctions-ukraine/ | title=Russia's flag carrier, Aeroflot, is canceling its international flights to stop foreign governments seizing its planes | first=NICHOLAS | last=GORDON | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=7 March 2022 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=Vietnamcooperation/> and the largest airline of Russia.<ref>{{cite news | title=Russia's Aeroflot to acquire Transaero Airlines |first1=Linda |last1=Blachly | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=1 September 2015 | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russias-aeroflot-acquire-transaero-airlines | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902110459/http://atwonline.com/finance-data/russia-s-aeroflot-acquire-transaero-airlines | archive-date=2 September 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> Aeroflot is headquartered in the [[Central Administrative Okrug]], [[Moscow]], with its [[Airline hub|hub]] being [[Sheremetyevo International Airport]]. The [[Federal Agency for State Property Management]], an agency of the [[Government of Russia]], owns 73.77% of the company, with the rest of the shares being [[public float]].<ref name=capitalstructure>{{cite web | url=https://ir.aeroflot.com/securities/shareholder-capital-structure/ | title=Shareholder Capital Structure | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
During the time of the [[Soviet Union]], Aeroflot was one of the [[largest airlines in the world]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.rbth.com/history/329568-fly-aeroflot-soviet-airline-largest | title='Fly Aeroflot!' How the Soviet airline became the largest in the world (PICTURES) | work=[[Russia Beyond]] | date=24 November 2018}}</ref> In 1992, following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Aeroflot was divided into approximately 400 regional airlines informally known as [[Babyflot]]s and was restructured into an [[open joint-stock company]].
It has a [[market share]] in Russia of approximately 39%.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ir.aeroflot.com/company-overview/about-aeroflot/ | title=About Aeroflot | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref> Including [[Subsidiary|subsidiaries]], the company carried 47.3 million passengers in 2023.<ref name=AeroflotProfile/> Aeroflot also owns [[Rossiya Airlines]] and [[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]], a [[low-cost carrier]].<ref name=AeroflotProfile/>
The [[Aeroflot fleet]], excluding subsidiaries, includes 171 airplanes: 112 [[Airbus]] planes and 59 [[Boeing]] planes.<ref name=AeroflotProfile/> The company plans on making the [[Yakovlev MC-21]] its flagship plane, with deliveries expected to start in 2025 or 2026.<ref name=irkut/>
==History==
[[File:History Aeroflot Dobrolet.jpg|thumb|upright|An early Soviet poster calling on citizens to buy stock in [[Dobrolyot]]]]
{{#section-h::Dobrolyot|History}}
===Early history (1932-1945)===
[[File:Aeroflot ANT-20bis.jpg|thumb|The [[Tupolev ANT-20bis]] was used for cargo flights from Moscow to [[Mineralnye Vody]] before World War II.]]
Responsibility for all civil aviation activities in the Soviet Union came under the control of the Chief Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet on 25 February 1932, and on 25 March 1932 the name "Aeroflot" was officially adopted for the entire Soviet Civil Air Fleet.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|10}} The [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] Congress in 1933 set out development plans for the civil aviation industry for the following five years, with [[air transportation]] becoming one of the primary means of transportation in the Soviet Union, linking all major cities. The government also implemented plans to expand the Soviet aircraft industry to make it less dependent on foreign built aircraft;<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|10–11}} in 1930, 50% of aircraft flying services in the Soviet Union were of foreign manufacture.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|8}} Expansion of air routes which had taken shape in the late 1920s,<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|8}} continued into the 1930s. Local (MVL) services were greatly expanded in [[Soviet Central Asia]] and the [[Soviet Far East]],<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|11–13}} which by the end of the second [[Five-year plans of the Soviet Union|five-year plan]] in 1937 was {{convert|35000|km|mi}} in length out of a total network of {{convert|93300|km|mi}}.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|13}} The agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany relating to Deruluft expired on 1 January 1937 and wasn't renewed, which saw the joint venture carrier ceasing operations on 1 April 1937. On that date Aeroflot began operations on the Moscow to [[Stockholm]] route, and began operating the ex-Deruluft route from [[Leningrad]] to [[Riga]] utilising [[Douglas DC-3]]s and [[Tupolev ANT-35]]s (PS-35s). Flights from Moscow to Berlin, via Königsberg, were suspended until 1940, when they were restarted by Aeroflot and [[Deutsche Luft Hansa]] as a result of the signing of the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], and they continued until the opening of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front in World War II]] in 1941.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|5}}[[File:Ps-84-nowarra135.jpg|thumb|left|An Aeroflot PS-84 (a [[Douglas DC-3]], modified by fitment of Soviet engines) at Moscow City Airport in 1940. The [[Lisunov Li-2]], a license-built version of the DC-3, became the backbone of the [[Aeroflot fleet]] after the opening of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front in World War II]].]]
Under the third five-year plan, which began in 1938, civil aviation development continued, with improvements to airport installations being made and construction of airports being commenced. In addition to the expansion of services between the [[Soviet Union]]'s main cities, local routes (MVL) were also expanded, and by 1940, 337 MVL routes had operations on a scheduled basis. Serial production of the [[Lisunov Li-2]] (license-built Douglas DC-3) commenced in 1939, and the aircraft became the backbone of the [[Aeroflot fleet]] on mainline trunk routes. The day after [[Operation Barbarossa]], the invasion of the Soviet Union by [[Nazi Germany]], on 22 June 1941, the Sovnarkom placed the Civil Air Fleet under the control of [[Narkomat]], leading to the full-scale mobilisation of Aeroflot crews and technicians for the Soviet war effort. Prior to the invasion, the Aeroflot network extended over {{convert|146000|km|mi}}, and amongst the longest routes being operated from Moscow were those to [[Tbilisi]] (via [[Baku]]), Tashkent and [[Vladivostok]].<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|13}} Aeroflot aircraft, including PS-35s and PS-43s, were based at [[Khodynka Aerodrome]] in Moscow; and important missions undertaken by Aeroflot aircraft and crews included flying supplies to the besieged cities of [[Leningrad]], [[Kyiv]], Odessa and [[Sevastopol]].<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|14}} During the [[Battle of Stalingrad]], between August 1942 and February 1943, Aeroflot operated 46,000 missions to Stalingrad, ferrying in {{convert|2587|t|lb}} of supplies and 30,000 troops. Following the defeat of the [[Wehrmacht]], 80 [[Junkers Ju 52]]/3ms were captured from the Germans, and were placed into the service of the Civil Air Fleet, and after the war were placed into regular service across the Soviet Union.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|15}} Whilst civil operations in [[European Russia]] west of the front line, which ran from [[Leningrad]] to Moscow to [[Rostov-on-Don]], were prevented from operating because of the war, services from Moscow to the [[Urals]], [[Siberia]], Central Asia, and other regions which were not affected by the war, continued.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|15–16}} By the end of the war, Aeroflot had flown 1,595,943 special missions, including 83,782 at night, and carried 1,538,982 men and {{convert|122027|t|lb}} of cargo.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|16}}
===Aeroflot during the Cold War===
[[File:Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-14 at Arlanda, November 1970.jpg|thumb|After its introduction in 1954, the [[Ilyushin Il-14]] operated on Aeroflot's All-Union services.]]
At the end of [[World War II]], the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Soviet government]] repaired and rebuilt essential airport infrastructure, and it strengthened the Aeroflot units in the European part of the Soviet Union. In 1945, Aeroflot carried 537,000 passengers, compared with 359,000 in 1940.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|16}} The government made it a priority in the immediate postwar years to expand services from Moscow to the capital of each of the [[Republics of the Soviet Union]], in addition to important industrial centres on the country and transferred to Aeroflot many [[Lisunov Li-2]]s, which became the backbone of the [[Aeroflot fleet]].<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|17}} The [[Ilyushin Il-12]] entered service on Aeroflot's all-Union scheduled routes on 22 August 1947, and supplemented already existing Li-2 services. The [[Ilyushin Il-18 (1947)|original Ilyushin Il-18]] entered service around the same time as the Il-12, and was operated on routes from Moscow to [[Yakutsk]], [[Khabarovsk]], Vladivostok, Alma Ata, Tashkent, [[Sochi]], [[Mineralnye Vody]] and Tbilisi. By 1950, the Il-18 was withdrawn from service, replaced by Il-12s.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|18,20}} MVL and [[general aviation]] services received a boost in March 1948, when the first [[Antonov An-2]]s were delivered and entered service in [[Central Russia]]. Development of MVL services over latter years was attributed to the An-2, which was operated by Aeroflot in all areas of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|20}}[[File:Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-104A at Arlanda, July 1972.jpg|thumb|left|Aeroflot became the first airline in the world with sustained jet aircraft service, when it introduced the [[Tupolev Tu-104]] in 1956.]]
Aeroflot's route network had extended to {{convert|295400|km|mi}} by 1950, and it carried 1,603,700 passengers, {{convert|151070|t|lb}} of freight and {{convert|30580|t|lb}} of mail that year. Night flights began in the same year, and the fifth five-year plan, covering the period 1951–1955, emphasised Aeroflot expanding night-time operations, which vastly improved aircraft utilisation. By 1952, 700 destinations in the Soviet Union received regular flights from Aeroflot.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|20}} On 30 November 1954, the [[Ilyushin Il-14]] entered service, and the aircraft took a leading role in the operation of Aeroflot's all-Union services. The number of passengers carried in 1955 increased to 2,500,000, whilst freight and mail carriage also increased, to 194,960 and 63,760 tons, respectively. By this time, Aeroflot's route network covered a distance of {{convert|321500|km|mi}}.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|21}} The [[20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], held in 1956, included plans for Aeroflot services to be dramatically increased 3.8 times, with a target of 16,000,000 annual passengers by 1960. To meet these goals, Aeroflot introduced higher capacity turbojet and turbine-prop aircraft on key domestic routes, and on services to Aeroflot destinations abroad. A major step for Aeroflot occurred on 15 September 1956 when the [[Tupolev Tu-104]] [[jet aircraft]] entered service on the Moscow-[[Omsk]]-[[Irkutsk]] route, marking the world's first sustained jet airline service. The airline began international flights with the type on 12 October 1956 under the command of [[Boris Bugayev]] with flights from Moscow to [[Prague]]. The aircraft placed Aeroflot in an enviable position, as airlines in the West had operated throughout the 1950s with large piston-engined aircraft.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|21}}<ref name="davies">{{Cite book | last=Davies | first=R.E.G. | author-link=R.E.G. Davies | title=Aeroflot: An Airline and Its Aircraft |edition=First | year=1992 | publisher=[[Paladwr Press]] | location=[[Rockville, Maryland]] | isbn=978-0-9626483-1-1}}</ref>{{rp|44}} By 1958, the route network covered {{convert|349200|km|mi}}, and the airline carried 8,231,500 passengers, and 445,600 tons of mail and freight, with fifteen percent of all-Union services being operated by jet aircraft.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|23}}
[[File:Aeroflot Yakovlev Yak-40 in Sweden.jpg|thumb|The [[Yakovlev Yak-40]], introduced in September 1968.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}]]
Aeroflot introduced the [[Antonov An-10]] and [[Ilyushin Il-18]] in 1959, and together with its existing jet aircraft, the airline was able to extend services on modern aircraft to twenty one cities by 1960.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|23}} The [[Tupolev Tu-114]], then the world's largest airliner, entered service with the Soviet carrier on 24 April 1961 on the Moscow-[[Khabarovsk]] route; covering a distance of {{convert|6980|km|mi}} in 8 hours 20 minutes.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|24}} The expansion of the [[Aeroflot fleet]] saw services with modern aircraft being extended to forty one cities in 1961, with fifty percent of all-Union services being operated by these aircraft. This fleet expansion also saw the number of passengers carried in 1961 skyrocketing to 21,800,000.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|24}} Further expansion came in 1962 when both the [[Tupolev Tu-124]] and [[Antonov An-24]] entered regular service with Aeroflot on various medium and short-haul routes. By 1964, Aeroflot operated direct flights from Moscow to 100 cities, from Leningrad to 44 cities, and from Kyiv to 38 cities. The airline also operated direct flights from [[Mineralnye Vody]] to 48 cities across the Soviet Union, denoting the importance of the operation of holiday aircraft services to Aeroflot.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|26}} Statistics for the same year showed Aeroflot operating an all-Union route network extending over {{convert|400000|km|mi}}, and carrying 36,800,000 passengers.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|27}}
By 1966, Aeroflot carried 47,200,000 passengers over a domestic route network of {{convert|474600|km|mi}}. For the period of the eighth five-year plan, which ran from 1966 to 1970, Aeroflot carried a total of 302,200,000 passengers, 6.47 billion tons of freight and 1.63 billion tons of mail.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|27}} During the five-year plan period, all-Union services were extended over an additional 350 routes; an additional 1,000 MVL routes were begun, and 40 new routes were opened up with all-cargo flights.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|27–28}} In 1967, the [[Ilyushin Il-62]] and [[Tupolev Tu-134]] were introduced, and in September 1968 the [[Yakovlev Yak-40]] [[regional jet]] began operations on short-haul services. That same year, the Il-62 inaugurated the long-delayed service between Moscow and New York, which finally began in July and was operated by Aeroflot and Pan Am jointly. According to the book ''The Aeroflot Story: From Russia With Luck'': "This business relationship became an acrimonious affair in which both parties complained it had been wronged by the other. Pan Am accused the Soviets of illegally siphoning away Moscow-to-New York passengers, whilst in turn; Aeroflot accused US consular officials in Russia of having steered passengers to Pan Am flights."{{sfnp|Jones|2018}}{{Page needed|date=February 2022}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/04/archives/pan-am-accuses-aeroflot-of-stealing-passengers.html | last=Witkin | first=Richard | title=Pan Am Accuses Aeroflot of Stealing Passengers | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=4 May 1971 | url-access=limited}}</ref> In 1968, the company opened its first office in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/07/22/archives/news-of-realty-aeroflot-office-soviet-company-to-occupy-49th-street.html | title=NEWS OF REALTY: AEROFLOT OFFICE; Soviet Company to Occupy 49th Street Building | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=22 July 1968 | url-access=limited}}</ref>
[[File:Flag of the Aeroflot.svg|thumb|Flag of Aeroflot (1961–1991)]]
By 1970, the last year of the five-year plan period, Aeroflot was operating flights to over 3,500 destinations in the Soviet Union, and at the height of the 1970 summer holidays season, the airline was carrying approximately 400,000 passengers per day, and 90% of passengers were being carried on propeller-turbine and jet aircraft.<ref name="hugh" />{{rp|28}} In March 1970, Aeroflot had amassed a route network that was {{convert|600000|km|abbr=off}} long, a quarter of which covered international destinations. At this time, the carrier had agreements with {{cardinal|59}} countries but it only served {{cardinal|54}} of them, including {{cardinal|55}} destinations.<ref name="FI1970-463/4">{{cite journal |title=World airlines 1970 – Aeroflot | journal=[[Flight International]]|volume= 97|number= 3185|date= 26 March 1970 |pages=[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200513.html 463], [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200514.html 464]}}</ref>{{rp|463}} In January 1971, the Central Administration of International Air Traffic ({{langx|ru|link=no|Центральное управление международных воздушных сообщений}}) (TsUMVS) was established within the framework of [[IATA]], and became the sole enterprise authorised to operate international flights. Abroad, the airline was known as Aeroflot Soviet Airlines. In 1976, Aeroflot carried its 100 millionth passenger. Its flights were mainly concentrated around the Soviet Union, but the airline also had an international network covering five continents: North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The network included countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Spain, Cuba, Mexico and the People's Republic of China.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aeroflot | title=Aeroflot – Russian airline | work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | date=8 March 2024}}</ref>
Aeroflot service between the Soviet Union and the United States was interrupted from 15 September 1983 until 2 August 1990, following an executive order by U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] revoking Aeroflot's license to operate flights into and out of the United States following the downing of [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] by the Soviet Air Force. Flights resumed in April 1986.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/04/30/aeroflot-has-returned-to-the-us-and-dulles/c64c4f86-df69-448e-b6ed-53f7ed39f691/ | title=Aeroflot Has Returned To the U.S. and Dulles | first=Michael | last=Specter | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 30, 1986}}</ref> At the start of the 1990s, Aeroflot reorganised again giving more autonomy to territorial divisions. [[R. E. G. Davies]], former curator of the [[Smithsonian Institution]], claims that by 1992 Aeroflot had over 600,000 people operating over 10,000 aircraft.<ref name="davies" />{{rp|92,94}}
====Other functions====
[[File:Aeroflot Mil Mi-10 at Groningen Airport.jpg|thumb|An Aeroflot Mi-10 heavy lift helicopter seen at [[Groningen Airport]] in the early 1970s]]
Once the world's largest [[Air carrier|carrier]],<ref name="FI1981">{{cite journal|title=World airline directory – Aeroflot |journal=Flight International |date=16 May 1981 |pages=[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%201387.html 1389], [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%201387.html 1390]}}</ref>{{rp|1389}} Aeroflot did not restrict its operations to the transportation of passengers, but [[monopoly|monopolised]] all civil aviation activities within the [[Soviet Union]]. Apart from passenger transportation that covered a domestic network of over 3,600 villages, towns and cities, activities undertaken by the airline that were labelled as "non-transport tasks" included [[air ambulance]]; [[aerial application]]; heavy lifting for the [[Soviet space program|Soviet Space Agency]]; offshore oil platform support; exploration and [[aeromagnetic survey]] for natural resources; support for construction projects; transport of military troops and supplies (as an adjunct to the [[Soviet Air Force]]); atmospheric research; and [[Aerial surveillance|remote area patrol]]. It operated hundreds of helicopters and cargo aircraft in addition to civil airliners. It also operated the Soviet equivalent of a [[Air transports of heads of state and government|presidential aircraft]] and other VIP transports of government and [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist party]] officials.<ref name="davies" />{{rp|94}}<ref name="FI1981"/>{{rp|1389}}<ref name="Aerial work in the U.S.S.R.">{{cite journal|title="Aerial work" in the U.S.S.R. |date=29 October 1954 |journal=Flight |pages=[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%202960.html 645], [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%202961.html 646]}}</ref> Aeroflot was also responsible for such services as ice patrol in the Arctic Ocean and escorting of ships through frozen seas; oil exploration; power line surveillance; and transportation and heavy lifting support on construction projects. For the latter tasks, Aeroflot used, in addition to smaller helicopters, the [[Mil Mi-10]] flying crane capable of lifting {{convert|11000 to 14000|kg|lb}}. Hauling of heavy cargo, including vehicles, was performed by the world's largest operational helicopter, the [[Mil Mi-26]]. Its unusual eight-blade rotor enabled it to lift a maximum payload of 20 tons. The medium- and long-range passenger- and cargo aircraft of Aeroflot were also part of the strategic air transport reserve, ready to provide immediate airlift support to the armed forces. Short-range aircraft and helicopters were available for appropriate military support missions.
===Post-Soviet Aeroflot===
[[File:Aeroflot.svg|thumb|The "winged [[hammer and sickle]]" is the most recognisable symbol of Aeroflot.]]
After the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991, service expanded significantly.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/12/business/aeroflot-takes-aim-at-the-postcommunist-world.html | title=Aeroflot Takes Aim at the Post-Communist World | first=G. Bruce | last=Knecht | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 12, 1992 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Up until that time, Aeroflot had been the only establishment providing air services throughout the Soviet Union, but with its breakup Aeroflot branches of these countries began their own services, and the airline itself came under control of Russia, the largest of the CIS republics, and was renamed ''Aeroflot{{spaced ndash}}Russian International Airlines&nbsp;(ARIA)''.<ref name=jokes/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/04/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-with-400-pieces-aeroflot-passenger-puzzle.html | title=With 400 Pieces, Aeroflot Is a Passenger Puzzle | first=Steven | last=Erlanger | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=4 December 1994 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907045954/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/04/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-with-400-pieces-aeroflot-passenger-puzzle.html | archive-date=7 September 2012 | url-status=live | df=dmy}}</ref> In 1992, Aeroflot was divided into approximately 400 regional airlines informally known as [[Babyflot]]s, which included [[BAL Bashkirian Airlines]], [[KrasAir]], [[Moscow Airways]] and [[Tatarstan Airlines]], with Aeroflot keeping the international routes.<ref name=jokes/><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-12-11-9412110362-story.html | title=DISSECTING THE AEROFLOT BREAKUP | work=[[Chicago Tribune]] | date=December 11, 1994 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In 1994, Aeroflot was registered as a [[joint-stock company]] and the government sold off 49% of its stake to Aeroflot employees. In the 1990s, Aeroflot was primarily focused on international flights from Moscow. However, by the end of the decade Aeroflot started an expansion in the domestic market. In 2000, the company name was changed to ''Aeroflot{{spaced ndash}}Russian Airlines'' to reflect the change in the company strategy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/aeroflot-russian-airlines-jsc | title=Aeroflot - Russian Airlines JSC | publisher=[[Encyclopedia.com]]}}</ref> The [[Aeroflot fleet]] shrank dramatically in the post-Soviet era, dropping from 5,400 planes in 1991 to 115 in 1996.<ref name=jokes>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/business/hold-the-jokes-please-aeroflot-buffs-its-image.html | title=Hold the Jokes, Please: Aeroflot Buffs Its Image | last=Stanley | first=Alessandra | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=29 June 1997 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620143208/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/business/hold-the-jokes-please-aeroflot-buffs-its-image.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=20 June 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/world/a-face-lift-for-down-at-heel-aeroflot.html | title=A Face-Lift for Down-at-Heel Aeroflot | first=Michael | last=Wines | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=7 April 2003 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905161424/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/world/a-face-lift-for-down-at-heel-aeroflot.html | archive-date=5 September 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1995, [[Boris Berezovsky (businessman)|Boris Berezovsky]] played a key role in a management reshuffle that led to [[Nikolai Glushkov]] becoming CFO of the company. The two were later accused of embezzling $700 million from the airline, laundering the money through two Swiss companies, Forus and Andava.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/life-aging/federal-prosecutor-says-aeroflot-investigation-strengthened-swiss-ties-with-russia/1588834 | title=Federal prosecutor says Aeroflot investigation strengthened Swiss ties with Russia | work=[[SWI swissinfo]] | date=29 July 2000}}</ref> In 2010, CHF51 million in frozen assets in Swiss bank accounts were returned to Aeroflot.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/life-aging/swiss-return-frozen-aeroflot-assets/27356336 | title=Swiss return frozen Aeroflot assets | work=[[SWI swissinfo]] | date=27 August 2010}}</ref>
In the early 2000s, the airline hired British consultants for rebranding.<ref name=scowl>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2986535.stm | title=No more service with a scowl | work=[[BBC News]] | date=29 April 2003 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320234526/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2986535.stm | archive-date=20 March 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref> From the start, plans were afoot to replace the [[hammer and sickle]] logo, a symbol of Soviet communism; despite this the logo was not scrapped, as it was the most recognisable symbol of the company for over 70 years.<ref name=scowl/> A new [[Aircraft livery]] and uniforms for flight attendants were designed and a promotional campaign launched in 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/8035/ |title=Aeroflot keeps hammer and (sick)le | newspaper=[[The Baltic Times]] | date=1 May 2003}}</ref> Its fleet has undergone a major reorganisation during which most of the Soviet aircraft were replaced by Western-built jets; concerns over fuel consumption rather than safety concerns were cited for such a move.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/business/global/29aeroflot.html | title=Aeroflot Sheds Its Soviet Legacy and Turns to a Western Fleet | first=Andrew E. | last=Kramer | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=28 July 2009 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905170815/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/business/global/29aeroflot.html?_r=1 |archive-date=5 September 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Airbus A319]]s and [[Airbus A320 family|A320s]] for short-haul flights in Europe; and [[Boeing 767]]s and [[Airbus A330]]s for long-haul routes; were gradually incorporated into the [[Aeroflot fleet]]. Aeroflot began working with the US travel technology firm [[Sabre Corporation]] in 1997, and in 2004 signed an agreement to use Sabre's software as its new [[computer reservation system]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Aeroflot Russian Airlines Selects SabreSonic as Its New Generation Reservation Solution | url=https://www.sabre.com/insights/releases/aeroflot-russian-airlines-selects-sabresonic-as-its-new-generation-reservation-solution/ | publisher=[[Sabre Corporation]] | date=30 April 2004}}</ref> further extending the relationship with Sabre in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Aeroflot extends agreement for SabreSonic Customer Sales and Service reservations system | url=https://www.sabre.com/insights/releases/aeroflot-extends-agreement-for-sabresonic-customer-sales-and-service-reservations-system/ | publisher=[[Sabre Corporation]] | date=26 April 2010}}</ref> On 29 July 2004, a new corporate slogan was adopted: "Sincerely Yours. Aeroflot".<ref>{{cite web | title=Aeroflot new slogan | publisher=Aeroflot | date=29 July 2004 | url=https://www.aeroflot.com/ru-en/news/1116 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620140527/http://www.aeroflot.com/cms/en/new/1116 | archive-date=20 June 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In April 2006, Aeroflot became the tenth airline to join [[SkyTeam]],<ref name=10thSkyTeam/> and the first air carrier in the former Soviet Union to do so. The company announced plans to increase cargo operations. It registered the ''[[Aeroflot-Cargo]]'' trademark in 2006.
Aeroflot became the sole shareholder of [[Donavia]]—a domestic airline then-named Aeroflot-Don<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia's Aeroflot-Don to rebrand as Donavia | first=David |last=Kaminski-Morrow | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/russias-aeroflot-don-to-rebrand-as-donavia/89152.article |agency=Air Transport Intelligence news | work=[[FlightGlobal]] | date=22 September 2009 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123210502/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russias-aeroflot-don-to-rebrand-as-donavia-332591/ |archive-date=23 January 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref>—in December 2006, when it boosted its stake in the company from 51% to 100%; soon afterwards, [[Aeroflot-Nord]] was created following the buyout of [[Arkhangelsk Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite news | title=Arranged marriages: Russia focus |publisher=[[FlightGlobal]] |first=Günter |last=Endres |date=19 February 2007 | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/arranged-marriages-russia-focus/72141.article | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523134956/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/arranged-marriages-russia-focus-212247/ | archive-date=23 May 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref>
====Expansion and re-organization====
[[File:Aeroflot A321-200 VP-BWN SVO 2008-9-15.png|thumb|A new [[Airbus A321]] holds for departure whilst an [[Ilyushin Il-96]] lands at Aeroflot's [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow-Sheremetyevo hub]] in 2008]]
[[File:Rossiya, EI-UNN, Boeing 777-312 (32182478212).jpg|thumb|left|[[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya Airlines']] [[Boeing 777-300]] in the new livery lands at [[Pulkovo Airport]] in 2016. In November 2011, Aeroflot received 75% minus one share of Rossiya along with the shares of four other carriers.<ref name=Rossiyanames/>]]
In December 2009, after it filed for bankruptcy, [[Aeroflot-Cargo]] merged into Aeroflot.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://airline341.rssing.com/chan-21278212/all_p1.html#c21278212a11 | title=Aeroflot Cargo was merged back into Aeroflot on December 1, 2009 | date=4 February 2010}}</ref>
In November 2011, [[Rostec]], a state agency, merged five airlines it owned - [[Vladivostok Avia]], [[Saravia]], [[Rossiya Airlines]], [[SAT Airlines]] and [[Orenair]] - into Aeroflot, acquiring an additional 3.5% of the company in a ₽2.5 billion deal.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/russias-rostechnology-finalizes-transfer-five-regional-carriers-aeroflot | title=Russia's Rostechnology finalizes transfer of five regional carriers to Aeroflot | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | first=Polina | last=Borodina | date=22 November 2011 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616081150/http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/russia-s-rostechnology-finalizes-transfer-five-regional-carriers-aeroflot- | archive-date=16 June 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref> Saravia was then sold to private investors.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Aeroflot sells regional subsidiary | first1=Polina |last1=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=2 January 2012 | url=https://aviationweek.com/aeroflot-sells-regional-subsidiary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111150636/http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/aeroflot-sells-regional-subsidiary-0102 | archive-date=11 November 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2013, [[Aurora (airline)|Aurora]] (originally called Taiga) was created, combining [[Vladivostok Air]] and [[SAT Airlines]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-launch-far-east-subsidiary-3q | title=Aeroflot to launch Far East subsidiary in 3Q | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=13 June 2013 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030200551/http://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/aeroflot-launch-far-east-subsidiary-3q | archive-date=30 October 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-provides-135-million-loan-far-east-subsidiary | last=Borodina | first=Polina |title=Aeroflot provides a $13.5 million loan for Far East subsidiary | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] |date=25 October 2013 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030092128/http://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/aeroflot-provides-135-million-loan-far-east-subsidiary | archive-date=30 October 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russias-aeroflot-creates-far-east-subsidiary-taiga-airline | title=Russia's Aeroflot creates Far East subsidiary Taiga Airline | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=10 September 2013 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921135748/http://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/russia-s-aeroflot-creates-far-east-subsidiary-taiga-airline |archive-date=21 September 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-subsidiary-aurora-airline-set-launch-operations | last=Borodina |first=Polina | title=Aeroflot subsidiary Aurora Airline set to launch operations | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=6 November 2013 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107113624/http://atwonline.com/finance-amp-data/aeroflot-subsidiary-aurora-airline-set-launch-operations | archive-date=7 November 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2013, at the World Airline Awards which took place at the {{ordinal|50}} Le Bourget air show, Aeroflot was awarded the international prize as the best air carrier in Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://tass.com/archive/695229 | title=Aeroflot recognized as best air carrier in Eastern Europe | work=[[Itar-Tass]] | date=18 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620141343/http://en.itar-tass.com/archive/695229 | archive-date=20 June 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In October 2013, the company introduced an affiliated [[low-cost carrier]] (LCC), [[Dobrolet (low-cost airline)|Dobrolet]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Aeroflot Introduces New Low-Cost Airline – Dobrolet | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/ru-en/news/33423 | publisher=Aeroflot | date=10 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028145623/http://www.aeroflot.ru/cms/en/new/33423 | archive-date=28 October 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref> It started operations in June 2014;<ref>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot subsidiary Dobrolet launches flights | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=10 June 2014 | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/aeroflot-subsidiary-dobrolet-launches-flights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610182758/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/aeroflot-subsidiary-dobrolet-launches-flights | archive-date=10 June 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref> however, it ceased on {{end date|2014|8|4|df=yes}} due to EU sanctions over the airline launching flights to [[Crimea]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/safety-ops-regulation/russias-dobrolet-ceases-operations-due-eu-sanctions | title=Russia's Dobrolet ceases operations due to EU sanctions | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=4 August 2014 | url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827003412/http://atwonline.com/government-affairs/russia-s-dobrolet-ceases-operations-due-eu-sanctions | archive-date=27 August 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dobrolet halts flights as EU sanctions block jet lease | first=David | last=Kaminski-Morrow | location=London | work=[[Flightglobal]] | date=3 August 2014 | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/dobrolet-halts-flights-as-eu-sanctions-block-jet-lease/114107.article | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827102808/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dobrolet-halts-flights-as-eu-sanctions-block-jet-lease-402320/ | archive-date=27 August 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref> In late August 2014, Aeroflot announced the launch of [[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]], a new LCC to replace Dobrolet using aircraft transferred from Orenair.<ref>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot to launch new LCC subsidiary | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=26 August 2014 | url-access=subscription | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-launch-new-lcc-subsidiary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827004258/http://atwonline.com/finance-data/aeroflot-launch-new-lcc-subsidiary |archive-date=27 August 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref> It started operations from Vnukovo Airport in December 2014.<ref name=relaunchLCC>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot acts to relaunch its LCC project with Pobeda after Group profits fell again in 3Q2014 | work=CAPA Centre for Aviation | date=3 December 2014 | url=https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/aeroflot-acts-to-relaunch-its-lcc-project-with-pobeda-after-group-profits-fell-again-in-3q2014-199255 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203133223/http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/aeroflot-acts-to-relaunch-its-lcc-project-with-pobeda-after-group-profits-fell-again-in-3q2014-199255 | archive-date=3 December 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot subsidiary Pobeda launches flights | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=1 December 2014 | url-access=subscription | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-routes/aeroflot-subsidiary-pobeda-launches-flights | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202003543/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/aeroflot-subsidiary-pobeda-launches-flights | archive-date=2 December 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/new-aeroflot-budget-carrier-discloses-network | title=New Aeroflot budget carrier discloses network | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=16 October 2014 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018133040/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/new-aeroflot-budget-carrier-discloses-network | archive-date=18 October 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2014, as a response to the [[Revolution of Dignity]], the company announced rerouting of flights to avoid flying over Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news | title=Отказ летать над Украиной мог стать причиной падения акций "Аэрофлота" на 9,8% | url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2014/03/13/97910-otkaz-letat-nad-ukrainoy-mog-stat-prichinoy-padeniya-aktsiy-171-aeroflota-187-na-9-8 |newspaper=[[Novaya Gazeta]] |date=13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Акции "Аэрофлота" упали на 9,8% до 52,8 рубля за бумагу по итогам торгов на Московской бирже.|url=http://itar-tass.com/ekonomika/1043501 |newspaper=[[ITAR-TASS]] |date=13 March 2014}}</ref> Also, in March 2014, Aeroflot{{'s}} [[IATA airline designator]] ″SU″ was adopted by its subsidiary Rossiya.<ref name=Rossiyanames>{{cite news | title=Russia's Rossiya Airlines names new chairman | first=Polina | last=Montag-Girmes | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=23 July 2015 |url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russias-rossiya-airlines-names-new-chairman | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726235042/http://atwonline.com/people/russia-s-rossiya-airlines-names-new-chairman | archive-date=26 July 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, Aeroflot agreed to acquire 75% of [[Transaero]] Airlines for the symbolic price of ₽1,<ref>{{cite news| title=Aeroflot to Buy Transaero in Tie-Up of Russia's Biggest Airlines | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-01/aeroflot-to-buy-transaero-in-tie-up-of-russia-s-biggest-airlines | first=Anatoly | last=Medetsky | work=[[Bloomberg News]]| date=1 September 2015}}</ref> but abandoned the plan after failing to come to terms on a takeover.<ref>{{cite news | title=Russia's Aeroflot says drops plans to acquire Transaero | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-aeroflot-transaero-idUKL5N12149120151001/ | last=Soldatkin | first=Vladimir | work=[[Reuters]] | date=1 October 2015}}</ref> Aeroflot instead took over several of Transaero's aircraft by assuming its leases after Transaero ceased operations in December 2015, introducing the [[Boeing 747]] and [[Boeing 777]] to the [[Aeroflot fleet]] and allowing the company to cancel some of its jet orders.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-14/aeroflot-says-transaero-jet-rush-to-crimp-airbus-boeing-orders | title=Aeroflot's Transaero Jet-Rush to Crimp Airbus, Boeing Orders | last1=Jasper | first1=Christopher | last2=Pronina | first2=Lyubov | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=14 April 2016 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Subsidiaries Rossiya Airlines, Donavia and Orenair combined operations in late March 2016.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.aeroflot.ru/ru-en/new/59928 | title=Rossiya Airlines, Aeroflot Group's Newly Merged Regional Carrier, Begins Flights | publisher=Aeroflot | date=28 March 2016}}</ref> Orenair{{'s}} AOC was cancelled by Russian authorities in late {{end date|2016|5}}.<ref name=filesbankruptcy>{{cite news | last=Montag-Girmes | first=Polina | title=Aeroflot files for bankruptcy of Orenair, Donavia subsidiaries |url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-files-bankruptcy-orenair-donavia-subsidiaries | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119141248/http://atwonline.com/airlines/aeroflot-files-bankruptcy-orenair-donavia-subsidiaries |archive-date=19 January 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russian authorities cancel Orenair's AOC |first=Polina |last=Montag-Girmes |publisher=[[Air Transport World]] |date=6 June 2016 |url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russian-authorities-cancel-orenairs-aoc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618164145/http://atwonline.com/airlines/russian-authorities-cancel-orenair-s-aoc |archive-date=18 June 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> Donavia and Orenair were declared bankrupt in 2017.<ref name=filesbankruptcy/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russian-court-declares-aeroflot-subsidiary-donavia-bankrupt | title=Russian court declares Aeroflot subsidiary Donavia bankrupt | first=Polina | last=Montag-Girmes | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816155611/http://atwonline.com/airlines/russian-court-declares-aeroflot-subsidiary-donavia-bankrupt | archive-date=16 August 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2018, the company signed a [[codeshare agreement]] with [[Aerolineas Argentinas]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Montag-Girmes |first=Polina | title=Aeroflot to codeshare with Aerolineas Argentinas | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/aeroflot-codeshare-aerolineas-argentinas | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=4 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617160322/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/aeroflot-codeshare-aerolineas-argentinas |archive-date=17 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref>
In December 2020, the company sold its 51% stake in Aurora to Sakhalin Region Development Corporation for ₽1.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/aeroflot-group-to-divest-eastern-carrier-aurora/141666.article | title=Aeroflot Group to divest eastern carrier Aurora | first=David | last=Kaminski-Morrow | work=[[FlightGlobal]] | date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-sells-subsidiary-boost-russian-far-east-air-transport | title=Aeroflot Sells Subsidiary To Boost Russian Far East Air Transport | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=23 December 2020 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
[[File:Aeroflot - Airbus A350-900 - RA-73156 "G. Volchek".png|thumb|An [[Airbus A350-900]] in Aeroflot livery. This was the last Western airframe being delivered to the carrier before the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|military operation in Ukraine]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}]]
====2022 airspace bans and sanctions====
In February and March 2022, as a result of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Aeroflot and other Russian airlines were banned from the airspace of many countries and several routes were cancelled as a result.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60539303 | title=Ukraine invasion: More countries issue airspace ban on Russian planes | work=[[BBC News]] | date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/what-are-the-russia-sanctions-the-full-list-of-uk-measures-over-ukraine-from-oligarchs-to-sovereign-debt-1481705 | title=The full list of new UK sanctions on Russia over Ukraine, from oligarchs to sovereign debt | work=[[i (newspaper)|i]] | date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-planes-barred-from-airspace-over-europe-canada-11645995117 |last=Sider | first=Alison | title=Russian Planes Barred From Airspace Over Europe, Canada | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=27 February 2022 | url-access=subscription | issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/27/canada-nordic-countries-join-in-closing-their-airspace-to-russian-planes.html | last=Bursztynsky | first=Jessica | title=Canada, Nordic countries join in closing their airspace to Russian planes | work=[[CNBC]] | date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine | url=https://time.com/6153493/biden-bans-russian-planes-us/ | title=President Biden Bans Russian Planes From U.S. Airspace |last1=Koenig | first1=David | last2=Miller | first2=Zeke | last3=Rugaber | first3=Christopher | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=1 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=halting>{{cite news | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/aeroflot-halting-all-foreign-flights-minus-belarus-from-march-8 | title=Aeroflot halting all foreign flights, minus Belarus, from March 8 | work=[[Al Jazeera English]] | date=5 March 2022}}</ref> Russian airlines were added to the [[list of air carriers banned in the European Union]] for safety reasons because planes were re-registered in Russia and no longer had foreign airworthiness certificates.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2389 | title=Aviation safety: 20 Russian airlines added to EU Air Safety List | publisher=[[European Commission]] |date=11 April 2022}}</ref> The [[U.S. Department of Commerce]] banned companies from servicing [[Boeing]] planes operated by Aeroflot, [[Aviastar-TU|Aviastar]], [[Azur Air]], [[Belavia]], [[Rossiya Airlines|Rossiya]] and [[Utair]].<ref>{{cite news | title=US Broadens Restrictions on Belarus National Airline After Violations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-broadens-restrictions-on-belarus-national-airline-after-violations-/6620206.html | work=[[Voice of America]] | date=16 June 2022}}</ref> [[Manchester United F.C.]] cancelled its sponsorship agreement that made Aeroflot its official carrier since July 2013.<ref>{{cite news | title=Ukraine crisis: Man Utd terminate Aeroflot deal | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60520927 |website=[[BBC News]] | date=25 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/manchester-united-engman_utd/story/4602413/man-united-cut-sponsorship-with-russian-airline-aeroflot-amid-ukraine-invasion |title=Man United cut sponsorship with Russian airline Aeroflot amid Ukraine invasion | first=Rob | last=Dawson | work=[[ESPN]] |date=25 February 2022}}</ref> [[Sabre Corporation]] and others removed access by Aeroflot to their [[computer reservation system]]s and [[global distribution system]]s.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sabre terminates distribution agreement with Aeroflot |url=https://www.sabre.com/insights/releases/sabre-terminates-distribution-agreement-with-aeroflot/ | publisher=[[Sabre Corporation]] |date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
In response to the [[international sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Aeroflot migrated to a Russian-based [[passenger service system]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/russian-airlines-migrate-local-passenger-service-systems | title=Russian Airlines Migrate To Local Passenger Service Systems | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=3 November 2022}}</ref> began sourcing aircraft parts via obscure trading companies, free-trade zones and middlemen in countries that have not imposed sanctions on Russia such as United Arab Emirates and China,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sanctions-russias-commercial-airlines-face-a-slow-death/a-63804157 |title=Sanctions: Russia's commercial airlines face a slow death | work=[[Deutsche Welle]] | date=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first1=Ana | last1=Swanson | first2=Niraj | last2=Chokshi | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/15/business/economy/russia-airlines-sanctions-ukraine.html |title=U.S.-Made Technology Is Flowing to Sanctioned Russian Airlines | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=15 May 2023 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/how-russia-keeps-its-fleet-western-jets-air-2023-08-23/ | title=How Russia keeps its fleet of Western jets in the air | first1=David | last1=Gauthier-Villars | first2=Gleb | last2=Stolyarov | work=[[Reuters]] | date=23 August 2023}}</ref> and placed orders for Russian-made jets such as the [[Yakovlev MC-21]] to reduce its dependence on foreign-made jets.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2022-09-07/aeroflot-signs-339-russian-made-jets | title=Aeroflot Signs for 339 Russian-made Jets | first=VLADIMIR | last=KARNOZOV | work=[[Aviation International News]] | date=7 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/fleets/why-order-for-russian-jets-will-turn-aeroflot-into-a-replica-of-its-former-self/150202.article | title=Why order for Russian jets will turn Aeroflot into a replica of its former self | first=Dominic | last=Perry | work=[[FlightGlobal]] | date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref name=irkut>{{Cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/see-russian-irkut-mc-21-single-aisle-jet-aerflot-ordered-2022-9 | title=Aeroflot says it ordered more than 300 'fully Russified' airliners. Take a look at the Irkut MC-21 jet the airline says will be its new flagship. | first=Taylor | last=Rains | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=18 September 2022}}</ref>
In September 2023, Aeroflot paid $645 million to acquire 17 aircraft and five spare jet engines that were leased to Aeroflot and owned by [[AerCap]] and were stranded in Russia upon the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/aircraft-lessor-aercap-settles-russia-aeroflot-claim-645-million-2023-09-06/ | title=Lessor AerCap agrees settlement over Aeroflot jets stranded in Russia | first=Conor | last=Humphries | work=[[Reuters]] | date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
==Corporate affairs==
===Management history===
Management of the company is appointed by the Russian government due to its ownership stake.
====Chief executive officers====
* [[Yevgeny Shaposhnikov]] (November 1995 - March 1997)<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1996-12-22/aeroflot-gets-in-the-game | title=Aeroflot Gets In The Game | first=Carol | last=Matlack | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=22 December 1997 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Valery Okulov]], a son-in-law of [[Boris Yeltsin]] (May 1997 - March 2009)<ref name=jokes/><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLQ62703820090326/ | title=Aeroflot board fires CEO Okulov-ministry source | first=Anton | last=Doroshev | work=[[Reuters]] | date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
* [[Vitaly Savelyev]] (2009 - 2020)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/saveliev-lead-aeroflot-next-five-years | title=Saveliev to lead Aeroflot for next five years | first=Polina | last=Borodina | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=18 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054432/http://atwonline.com/people/saveliev-lead-aeroflot-next-five-years | archive-date=21 September 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/savelyev-re-elected-aeroflot-ceo | title=Savelyev re-elected as Aeroflot CEO | first=Polina | last=Montag-Girmes | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=29 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913194713/http://atwonline.com/airlines/savelyev-re-elected-aeroflot-ceo | archive-date=13 September 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref>
====Chairmen====
* [[Yevgeny Dietrich]] (2018 - 2020)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airlines-lessors/aeroflot-group-makes-management-changes | last=Montag-Girmes | first=Polina | title=Aeroflot Group makes management changes | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=12 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230171119/http://atwonline.com/people/aeroflot-group-makes-management-changes |archive-date=30 December 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref>
===Headquarters===
[[File:Moscow, Arbat 12-10.JPG|thumb|upright|Aeroflot headquarters are in the light yellow building, 10 Arbat Street, Moscow]]
The headquarters of Aeroflot are on [[Arbat Street]], [[Arbat District]], [[Central Administrative Okrug]], Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/us-en/about/requisites | title=Company details | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
===Ownership and subsidiaries===
The [[Federal Agency for State Property Management]], an agency of the [[Government of Russia]], owns 73.77% of the company, with the rest of the shares being [[public float]].<ref name=capitalstructure/>
The company owns airline subsidiaries [[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]] and [[Rossiya Airlines]].<ref name=AeroflotProfile>{{cite web |url=https://www.aeroflot.com/ru-en/about/aeroflot_today/company_profile | title=Company Profile: Our alliance and partnerships | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
==Destinations==
{{Main|List of Aeroflot destinations}}
In September 2018, Aeroflot served 146 destinations in 52 countries.<ref name=Vietnamcooperation>{{cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-routes/vietnam-airlines-aeroflot-expand-cooperation | last1=Hofmann | first1=Kurt | title=Vietnam Airlines, Aeroflot to expand cooperation | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=10 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917002918/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/vietnam-airlines-aeroflot-expand-cooperation | archive-date=17 September 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, the number of destinations was significantly reduced after many countries banned Russian aircraft as a result of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name=halting/> It currently operates service to/from [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[China]], [[Cuba]], [[Egypt]], [[Hong Kong]], [[India]], [[Iran]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Maldives]], [[Mauritius]], [[Seychelles]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkey]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Uzbekistan]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name="ch-aviation"/><ref name="flightconnections">{{Cite web | title=Aeroflot Flights and Destinations | date=21 March 2024 | publisher=FlightConnections | url=https://www.flightconnections.com/route-map-aeroflot-su}}</ref><ref name="tableofroutes">{{cite web | title=Table of Routes | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/ru-en/online_services/flights/ways_map/ways_map_table?_preferredLanguage=en&_preferredLocale=ru | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
===Codeshare agreements===
Aeroflot only has [[codeshare agreements]] with the following airlines:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Codeshare flights | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/ru-en/about/aviation_partners/code_sharing/spec_food_flight |website=Aeroflot}}</ref>
*[[Aurora (airline)|Aurora]]
*[[Pobeda (airline)|Pobeda]]
*[[Rossiya Airlines]]
==Alliances==
[[File:VP-BDK at STR.jpg|thumb|Aeroflot [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320-200]] in [[SkyTeam]] livery|alt=]]
Aeroflot was a member of [[SkyTeam]] airline alliance from April 2006 until 27 April 2022, when its membership was suspended as part of the [[corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name=10thSkyTeam>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot Becomes 10th Airline to Join SkyTeam | newspaper=[[The Moscow Times]] | date=17 April 2006 | url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/archive/aeroflot-becomes-10th-airline-to-join-skyteam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620140051/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/aeroflot-becomes-10th-airline-to-join-skyteam/205560.html |archive-date=20 June 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://aviationweek.com/aeroflot-skyteam-sign-mou-admission | title=Aeroflot, SkyTeam Sign MOU For Admission | first=Jens | last=Flottau | work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] | date=25 May 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2004/05/24/daily3.html | title=Aeroflot plans to join SkyTeam alliance | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=24 May 2004 | url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811120333/http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2004/05/24/daily3.html |archive-date=11 August 2014| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3443407.stm|title=Aeroflot eyes Sky Team membership |date=29 January 2004 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155659/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3443407.stm|archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Aeroflot's cargo branch, [[Aeroflot-Cargo]], which was reintegrated into the parent company in December 2009, operated as part of [[SkyTeam Cargo]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/us-en/business/cargo_transport/skyteam_cargo | title=Aeroflot joins SkyTeam Cargo | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
==Frequent flyer programme==
[[File:Aeroflot Bonus logo.png|thumb|right|Aeroflot Bonus logo]]
Aeroflot's [[frequent-flyer program]] is called Aeroflot Bonus. It has four levels with various perks.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/us-en/afl_bonus/about_program | title=About Aeroflot Bonus | publisher=Aeroflot}}</ref>
==Fleet==
[[File:Aeroflot Group fleet size.png|thumb|Aeroflot Group fleet size as of 2020]]
{{See also|Aeroflot fleet}}
The [[Aeroflot fleet]] consists of [[Narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body]] and [[wide-body aircraft]] from five aircraft families: the [[Airbus A320]], the [[Airbus A330]], the [[Airbus A350 XWB]], the [[Boeing 737 Next Generation|Boeing 737]], and the [[Boeing 777]]. The fleet, excluding subsidiaries, includes 171 airplanes: 112 [[Airbus]] planes and 59 [[Boeing]] planes.<ref name=AeroflotProfile/> The company plans on making the [[Yakovlev MC-21]] its flagship plane, with deliveries expected to start in 2025 or 2026.<ref name=irkut/>
==Accidents and incidents==
{{Main list|Aeroflot accidents and incidents}}
Aeroflot has had a total of 8,231 passengers dying in Aeroflot crashes according to the Aircraft Crashes Record Office, mostly during the Soviet era, about five times more than any other airline.<ref name=safest/><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/aeroflot-russian-international-airlines-history | title=History of Aeroflot--Russian International Airlines | publisher=FundingUniverse}}</ref> From 1946 to 1989, the carrier was involved in 721 incidents. In 2013, AirlineRatings.com reported that five of the ten aircraft models involved in the highest numbers of fatal accidents<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/Least-safe-aircraft-models-revealed/ | title='Least safe' aircraft models revealed | last=Smith | first=Oliver | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=4 February 2016 | issn=0307-1235}}</ref> were old Soviet models.<ref name=safest>{{cite news | last=Smith | first=Oliver | title=Aeroflot: from world's deadliest airline to one of the safest in the sky | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/Aeroflot-from-worlds-deadliest-airline-to-one-of-the-safest-in-the-sky/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=9 February 2016}}</ref> From 1992 to 2020, the carrier was involved in 14 incidents; since 1996, only two incidents have resulted in fatalities.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%25&cat=%25&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=6824 | title=ASN Aviation Safety Database |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
==Criticism==
===Incidents with flight attendants===
In May 2012, Aeroflot fired 19-year-old flight attendant Yekaterina Solovyova for mocking [[2012 Mount Salak Sukhoi Superjet crash|the crash of a Sukhoi Superjet at Mount Salak]] in a [[Twitter]] post where she wrote: ""What, a Superjet crashed? Hahaha! Piece of crap! It's a pity it's not Aeroflot's, there would be one less and maybe they would even sell the rest back to someone".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2012/06/18/flight-attendant-fired-for-joking-about-crash-hired-by-vkontakte-a15506 | title=Flight Attendant Fired for Joking About Crash Hired by Vkontakte | work=[[The Moscow Times]] | date=18 June 2012}}</ref> Solovyova later said she had misworded her thoughts about the aircraft's design flaws: "I flew on the Superjet several times. And there the doors did not close several times, there were also problems with the water supply... Flights were delayed because of this... I just wanted to say that these planes should be taken out of service of our airline. I didn't want to offend the relatives of the victims. I regret my words".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/25883/2845526/ | title=Экс-стюардесса "Аэрофлота" Екатерина Соловьева: "Я не хотела сделать больно родственникам погибших" | work=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]] | date=16 May 2012 | language=ru}}</ref>
In January 2013, Aeroflot fired another flight attendant, Tatyana Kozlenko, for posting an image with a [[middle finger gesture]] directed to passengers in a cabin on her [[VKontakte]] account.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/26021.5/2942528/ |title=Стюардессу уволили за скандальную фотографию в соцсети | first=Александра | last=КРЫЛОВА | work=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]] | date=28 January 2013 | language=ru}}</ref>
In April 2018, Aeroflot reported it would fire one more flight attendant after a passenger complained that on a flight from Moscow to [[Kaliningrad]] the flight attendant had announced Kaliningrad in English as [[Königsberg]], its former German name.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newkaliningrad.ru/news/briefs/community/18252658-aeroflot-uvolil-styuardessu-nazvavshuyu-kaliningrad-kyenigsbergom.html |title="Аэрофлот" уволил стюардессу, назвавшую Калининград Кёнигсбергом |publisher=NewKaliningrad.ru | date=28 April 2018 | language=ru}}</ref>
===Allegations of discrimination against overweight flight attendants===
In 2016, the company linked the pay of its flight attendants to their dress sizes. All the flight attendants were photographed and measured, and some were weighed. Women above a Russian size 48 were barred from international flights.<ref>{{cite news |title='Too fat to fly': Russian women fight job discrimination| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-41254724 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2017}}</ref> According to the flight attendants' trade union, the policy affected about 600 Aeroflot attendants. The company successfully defended itself in court in April 2017 by saying that a survey of Aeroflot passengers showed that "92% want to see stewardesses who fit into the clothes sizes we are talking about here"<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/25/passengers-dont-want-overweight-flight-crew-say-aeroflot-officials-after-lawsuits |title=Passengers don't want overweight flight crew, say Aeroflot officials after lawsuits | first=Shaun | last=Walker | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=25 April 2017}}</ref> and that every extra kilogram meant spending an extra ₽800 per year on fuel.<ref>{{cite news | title=Aeroflot flight attendants lose discrimination case after being branded 'old, fat and ugly' | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/aeroflot-female-flight-attendants-discrimination-case-old-fat-ugly-lose-russia-airline-legal-a7694836.html | first=Ben | last=Chapman | work=[[The Independent]] | date=21 April 2017 | url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421144401/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/aeroflot-female-flight-attendants-discrimination-case-old-fat-ugly-lose-russia-airline-legal-a7694836.html | archive-date=21 April 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref> The company denied all the accusations of discrimination.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.aeroflot.ru/ru-en/news/60315 | title=Aeroflot comments on accusations of discrimination against staff | publisher=Aeroflot |date=22 February 2017}}</ref> In September 2017, the appeal court decided that requirements banning employment by women who wore large sizes was unenforceable and ordered ₽5,000 in compensation plus back pay for Yevgenia Magurina, a flight attendant who filed a discrimination suit; however, the court did not rule explicitly that the policy was discriminatory.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2017/09/06/russian-flight-attendant-wins-suit-against-aeroflot-for-fat-discrimination-a58873 | title=Russian Flight Attendants Win Aeroflot Discrimination Case | newspaper=[[The Moscow Times]] | date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.dw.com/en/russian-aeroflot-flight-attendants-win-uniform-discrimination-case/a-40393832 | title=Russian Aeroflot flight attendants win uniform discrimination case | first=Rob | last=Turner | agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] | work=[[Deutsche Welle]] | date=7 September 2017}}</ref>
===Working conditions===
Both pilots and crews at Aeroflot allegedly have one of the lowest salaries in the industry. This has led to defection of staff to other carriers.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ukraine-war-aviation-aeroflot-business-sanctions/33088356.html | title=Overworked Pilots With 'Nothing To Fly': How War In Ukraine Is Crippling Russia's Aeroflot | work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] | date=25 August 2024}}</ref>
===Ban on employee smartphone use===
In November 2018, the company's executive director [[Vitaly Savelyev]] signed new rules, according to which employees of the Moscow office of the airline were forbidden to bring and use smartphones at work, allegedly to prevent them from taking videos.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/aeroflot-cancels-passenger-elite-status-platinum-mitya-aleshkovsky-tweet-russia-a8651656.html | title=Airline cancels passenger's elite membership over 'insulting' tweet | first=Simon | last=Calder | work=[[The Independent]] | date=25 November 2018 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126102250/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/aeroflot-cancels-passenger-elite-status-platinum-mitya-aleshkovsky-tweet-russia-a8651656.html | archive-date=2018-11-26 | url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of airports in Russia]]
* [[Transport in Russia]]
* [[Transport in the Soviet Union]]
{{NoteFoot}}
==References==
{{Country study}}
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Buckley |first1=Christopher |title=Soviet-Era Airliners: The Final Three Decades |series=Historic Commercial Aircraft Series, Vol 1 |date=2022 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford, Lincs, UK |isbn=9781913870621 |url={{GBurl|E_5zEAAAQBAJ}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Jones |first=Mark |title=The Aeroflot Story: From Russia With Luck |year=2018 |publisher=[[Chronik Europa]]|isbn=978-1981094714}}
* {{cite book |last=Davies |first=R.E.G. |author-link=R.E.G. Davies |title=Aeroflot: An Airline and Its Aircraft|edition=1st |year=1992 |publisher=Paladwr Press |location=Rockville, Maryland |isbn=978-0-9626483-1-1}}
* {{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Hugh |title=Aeroflot: Soviet air transport since 1923 |year=1975 |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons|Putnam]] |isbn=978-0-370-00117-3}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|http://www.aeroflot.ru}} {{in lang|ru|en}}
{{Aeroflot}}
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