View source for Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson

{{Short description|Twin scholars and travellers}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
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[[Image:WestminsterCollegeCambridge.jpg|thumb|right|[[Westminster College, Cambridge]], beneficiary of the Westminster Sisters]]
'''Agnes Smith Lewis''' (1843–1926)<ref name="CMK">Christa Müller-Kessler, [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34510?rskey=jmsPiD&result=1 Lewis, Agnes Smith (1843–1926)], in ''Oxford Dictionary of the National Biography'', vol. 33 (Oxford, 2004), pp. 579–580.</ref> and '''Margaret Dunlop Gibson''' (1843–1920),<ref name="CMKD">Christa Müller-Kessler, [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-55585?rskey=nnwszL&result=1 Dunlop Gibson, née Smith (1843–1920)], in ''Oxford Dictionary of the National Biography'', vol. 22 (Oxford, 2004), pp. 89–90.</ref> nées '''Smith''' (sometimes referred to as the '''Westminster Sisters'''), were English [[Semitic scholar]]s and travellers. As the twin daughters of John Smith of [[Irvine, Ayrshire]], Scotland, they learned more than 12 languages between them, specialising in [[Arabic]], [[Christian Palestinian Aramaic]], and [[Syriac language|Syriac]], and became acclaimed scholars in their academic fields, and benefactors to the [[Presbyterian Church of England]], especially to [[Westminster College, Cambridge]].<ref name="CMK"/><ref name="CMKD"/>
==Personal life and education==
[[Image:Plaque Smith Sisters Westminster College Cambridge.jpg|thumb|left|A plaque commemorating the Smith Sisters in [[Westminster College, Cambridge]]]]
[[File:The grave of James Young Gibson and Margaret Dunlop Gibson, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|The grave of James Young Gibson and Margaret Dunlop Gibson, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh]]
Agnes and Margaret Smith, twins born on 11 January 1843 to Margaret Dunlop and John Smith, a solicitor and amateur [[linguist]]. Their mother died three weeks after their birth, and they were brought up by nannies, a governess, and their father.<ref>''Register of Births of the Town and Parish of Irvine: 1843'', at ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk</ref><ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/> They were educated in private schools in [[Birkenhead]], Cheshire and Kensington, London (1853–62),<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/> with travels in Europe guided by their father.<ref>Soskice, p.25</ref>
After their father's death, they were left a large inheritance.<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/> They settled in London and joined the Presbyterian church in Clapham Road.<ref>Soskice, p. 56</ref> Already conversationally fluent in German, French and Italian,<ref>Soskice, p. 29</ref> they continued to learn languages and travelled in Europe and the Middle East, including travelling up the [[Nile]] and visiting [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] in 1868.<ref>Soskice, pp. 33- 51</ref> In 1870, Agnes wrote ''Eastern Pilgrims'', an account of their experiences in [[Egypt]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis, ''Eastern Pilgrims: The Travels of Three Ladies'' (London, 1870).</ref>
In 1883, the twins, by then also quite fluent in Modern Greek, travelled to Athens and other parts of Greece,<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis, ''Glimpses of Greek Life and Scenery''(London, 1884)</ref> beginning a lifelong affectionate relationship with [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodoxy]], especially the monks in office at [[Saint Catherine's Monastery]], Sinai.<ref name=AWP>Alan Whigham Price, ''The Ladies of Castlebrae'' (London, 1985), pp. 112.</ref> On 11 September 1883, Margaret married [[James Young Gibson]], a scholar trained for the ministry of the [[United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)|United Presbyterian Church]], but later working on Spanish translations. In 1887, Agnes married Samuel Savage Lewis, a classicist, librarian, and fellow of [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]. Samuel was also a clergyman. Each marriage soon ended with the death of the husband.<ref name=CMKD/><ref name=CMK/>
Margaret was buried with her husband in [[Dean Cemetery]] in western [[Edinburgh]]. The grave lies on the north wall of the main cemetery. Agnes was buried with hers in [[Mill Road Cemetery, Cambridge]].<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/>
==Academic work==
[[File:Westminster Sisters plaque Saint Columbas Cambridge.JPG|thumb|left|Plaque in [[Downing_Place_United_Reformed_Church,_Cambridge#St_Columba's_Church|St Columba's Church, Cambridge]], commemorating Agnes and Margaret Smith]]
By 1890, the sisters settled in [[Cambridge]]. Agnes began to study [[Syriac language|Syriac]]. Inspired by [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] and [[Oriental studies|Orientalist]] [[J. Rendel Harris]]'s account of his discovery at [[Saint Catherine's Monastery]] of a Syriac text of the [[Apology of Aristides]] they travelled to the monastery in 1892, and discovered one of the earliest Syriac versions of the [[Old Syriac Gospels]] next to the earlier known [[Curetonian Gospels]], now in the [[British Library]], which gave insight into the Syriac transmission and added valuable variants to [[New Testament]] studies.<ref>Bruce M. Metzger, The Syriac Versions: III. The Old Syriac Versions, in ''The Early Versions of the New Testament'' (Oxford, 1977), pp. 36–47.</ref> It was one of the most important [[palimpsest]] [[manuscript]] finds since that of the [[Codex Sinaiticus]] in 1859 by [[Constantin von Tischendorf]]. The year after (1883), they returned with three Cambridge scholars that included Professor [[Robert Lubbock Bensly|Robert L. Bensly]] and [[Francis Crawford Burkitt|Francis C. Burkitt]], and their wives, as well as [[James Rendel Harris|J. Rendel Harris]], to copy the whole of the manuscript<ref>Margaret Dunlop Gibson, ''How the Codex was Found'' (Cambridge, 1895), pp. 60–67.</ref> The [[palimpsest]] manuscript was found to have been overwritten by the ''Lives of Holy Women'' in Syriac dated to 779 CE by John the Recluse as well as also having four 6th century folios with a Syriac witness of the Departure of Mary ([[Transitus Mariae]]) underneath.<ref>Sebastian P. Brock, Grigory, Kessel, The ‘Departure of Mary’ in Two Palimpsests at the Monastery of St. Catherine (Sinai Syr. 30 & Sinai Arabic 514), in ''Christian Orient: Journal of Studies in the Christian Cultures of Asia and Africa'' 8 (2017), pp. 115-152.</ref><ref>[http://www.sinaipalimpsests.org Sinai Palimpsest Project].</ref>
Her second most valuable attribution to the field of Aramaic ([[Christian Palestinian Aramaic]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]]) studies and New and Old Testament text critique was the purchase of another unique palimpsest manuscript, the [[Codex Climaci Rescriptus]], in Egypt (Cairo 1895; Port Tewfik 1906), and the largest batch from an anonymous Berlin (Germany) scholar (1905), containing underneath several individual manuscripts in Christian Palestinian Aramaic of various lectionaries with [[Gospels]], [[Epistles]], and [[Old Testament]] pericopes, an early apocryphal text [[Dormition of Mary]] with the hagiographic story of Peter and Paul (5th–7th century),<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis (ed.), ''Codex Climaci rescriptus: Fragments of the Sixth-Century Palestinian Syriac Texts of the Gospels, of the Acts of the Apostles, and of St Paul’s Epistles'' (London, 1909), pp. XI–XVI.</ref><ref>Christa Müller-Kessler, An Overlooked Christian Palestinian Aramaic Witness of the Dormition of Mary in Codex Climaci Rescriptus (CCR IV), in ''Collectanea Christiana Orientalia'' 16, 2019, pp. 81–98. [https://www.uco.es/revistas/index.php/cco/article/view/1101; Collectanea Christiana Orientalia]</ref> and [[Greek language|Greek]] with [[Gospels]] (7th/8th centuries),<ref>Ian A. Moir, ''Codex Climaci rescriptus grecus (Ms. Gregory 1561, L)'', Texts and Studies NS, 2 (Cambridge, 1956).</ref> overwritten by the Syriac translation of ''Scala paradisi'' and ''Liber ad pastorem'' by the monk [[John Climacus]] of Sinai (8th–9th century), of which now surfaced the missing quire at Saint Catherine’s Monastery.<ref>[[Sebastian P. Brock]], The Syriac ‘New Finds’ at St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai and Their Significance, in ''The Harp'' 27, 2011, pp. 48–49.</ref><ref>[https://sinai.library.ucla.edu; Sinai Palimpsest Project]</ref>
After the return from their first trip to Sinai Agnes made herself acquainted with [[Christian Palestinian Aramaic]] (Palestinian Syriac) by the help of a script table by Julius Euting ([[Germans|German]] [[Oriental studies|Orientalist]]).<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson, ''The Palestinian Syriac Lectionary of the Gospels'' (London, 1899), pp. XI–XII.</ref> Margaret learned [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref> Price p. 110.</ref> During this expedition, Agnes catalogued the collection of Syriac and Margaret of Arabic [[manuscript]]s.<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/><ref>Sebastian P. Brock, Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920), in Predrag Bukovec (ed.), ''Christlicher Orient im Porträt – Wissenschaftsgeschichte des Christlichen Orients''. Religionen im Vorderen Orient (RVO) 2. (Hamburg, 2014), pp. 267–280.</ref> It was also on their first expedition (1892) that they were made acquainted with two additional, complete, and dated Christian Palestinian Aramaic (Palestinian Syriac) Gospel lectionaries B and C (1104, 1118), and remnant D in the library of Saint Catherine's Monastery,<ref>The Gospel B had been already described before by Jan P. van Kasteren, "Emmaus-Nicopolis et les auteurs arabes", ''Revue Biblique'' 1 (1892), p. 96.</ref> which they edited 1899 in a synoptic version, including the earlier published [[Vatican Library|Vatican]] Gospel A from 1030 (Vat. sir. 19).<ref>''The Palestinian Syriac Lectionary of the Gospels Re-edited from Two Sinai MSS. and from P. De Lagard’s Edition of the Evangeliarium Hierosolymitanum'' (London, 1899), pp. IX–XVI.</ref>
In their travels to Egypt, Agnes S. Lewis and Margaret D. Gibson were able to acquire among other unique manuscripts in Christian Palestinian Aramaic as e.g. an hagiographic palimpsest manuscript ''The Forty Martyrs of Sinai, and Eulogios the stone-cutter'' from the 6th–7th century (1906) overwritten by a Christian Arabic text (8th century);<ref>[https://archive.org/details/Lewis1912FortyMartyrsOfSinaiDesert ''The Forty Martyrs of the Sinai Desert and the Story of Eulogius from a Palestinian Syriac and Arabic Palimpsest''] (Cambridge, 1912), p. V.</ref><ref>Tiny fragments of the beginning of the manuscript and one folio from the middle were in the hands of a German collector; see Friedrich Schulthess, Christlich-palästinische Fragmente, in ''Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenlândischen Gesellschaft'' 56, 1902, pp. 257–261.</ref> a nearly complete eleventh-century lectionary in 1895<ref>The last seven were in the hand of a German collector and are now stored in the [[Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen]], Germany.</ref> of Christian Palestinian Aramaic with noteworthy biblical pericopes, and later 1905 some of the missing folios from a German collector ([[Westminster College, Cambridge]]);<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis, ''A Palestinian Syriac Lectionary containing Lessons from The Pentateuch, Job, Proverbs, Prophest, Acts, and Epistles'' (London, 1897), pp. V–XI.</ref><ref>Agnes Smith Lewis, ''Supplement to a Palestinian Syriac Lectionary'' (Cambridge, 1907), p. 4.</ref> several leaves under Syriac Christian homilies where Agnes detected separate 7th and 8th century Qu'ranic manuscripts, which she and [[Alphonse Mingana]] dated as possibly pre-[[History of the Quran|Uthmanic]].<ref>A. George, Le palimpseste Lewis-Mingana de Cambridge: Témoin ancien de l’histoire du Coran, in ''Compte rendue de séances l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres'' 2011, pp. 377–429.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-OR-01287/1|title=Mingana-Lewis Palimpsest: Christian Arabic homilies of the Church Fathers|website=Cambridge Digital Library|access-date=2016-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/LeavesFromThreeAncientQurans|title=Leaves From Three Ancient Qur'ans; Possibly Pre-Othmanic, with a list of their variants|last=Mingana|first=Alphonse|last2=Smith Lewis|first2=Agnes|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1914|location=Cambridge|pages=vii-viii}}.</ref> These palimpsest folios were lent to the exhibition “Internationale Ausstellung für Buchgewerbe und Graphik" in [[Leipzig]] 1914, and due to the outbreak of the [[First World War]] they were only returned in 1936 after the successful intervention by [[Paul Kahle]].<ref>Letter by Meredith-Owen, Dept. of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts, The British Museum of July 1957.</ref> They collected about 1,700 manuscript fragments and books including the acquisition of [[Eberhard Nestle]] library with rare editions,<ref name=CMK/> now known as the Lewis-Gibson collection, including some formerly of the [[Cairo Genizah]] of the [[Ben Ezra Synagogue]] in [[Old Cairo]], the earliest Hebrew fragments of a [[Sirach|Ecclesiasticus]] manuscript, identified by [[Solomon Schechter]].<ref>Agnes Smith Lewis, ''In the Shadow of Sinai. A Story of travel and Research from 1895–1897'' (Cambridge, 1898), pp. 160–162.</ref><ref>Paul Kahle, ''The Cairo Geniza: The Schweich Lectures of the British Academy 1941'' (London, 1947), pp. 6, 40.</ref><ref>[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/lewisgibson Lewis-Gibson collection].</ref> The sisters continued to travel and write until the [[First World War]] when they slowly withdrew from their activity as scholars due to ill health.<ref name="CMK"/><ref name="CMKD"/>
Though the [[University of Cambridge]] never honoured the two scholarly twins with degrees, they received honorary degrees from the universities of [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]], [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]],<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/><ref>Soskice, p.280</ref> [[University of Dublin|Dublin]], and [[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]],<ref name=CMK/><ref name=CMKD/><ref>Soskice, p.271</ref> and both were honoured in addition with the Triennial gold medal of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]], the blue riband of oriental research in 1915.<ref name=CMK/>
At Cambridge, they attended [[Downing_Place_United_Reformed_Church,_Cambridge#St_Columba's_Church|St&nbsp;Columba's Church]].<ref>Soskice, p.282</ref> They were generous hostesses at their home, Castlebrae, which became the centre of a lively intellectual and religious circle.<ref>Price, pp. 162–183.</ref>
==Benefaction==
[[Image:Make Poverty History St Columbas Oxford 20050703.jpg|thumb|right|[[St Columba's United Reformed Church, Oxford]], established as the Presbyterian chaplaincy to the University of Oxford, with the help of the Smith sisters]]
The sisters used their inheritance to endow the grounds and part of the buildings of [[Westminster College, Cambridge|Westminster College]] in Cambridge.<ref name=CMK/> This was long after [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformists]] were allowed to become full members of the [[Oxbridge]] universities by the repeal of the [[Test and Corporation Acts]]; and that [[Presbyterian]] college moved from [[Queen Square, London]] to a site acquired from [[St John's College, Cambridge]] in 1899. They also helped the establishment of the Presbyterian chaplaincy to the [[University of Oxford]], now at [[St Columba's United Reformed Church, Oxford]].
==Works==
===Agnes Smith Lewis===
* [https://archive.org/details/easternpilgrims00smitgoog ''Eastern Pilgrims: The travels of three ladies''] (London, 1870)
* [https://archive.org/details/effiemaxwell00lewigoog ''Effie Maxwell''] (London, 1876) (a novel)
* [https://archive.org/details/cu31924013516699 ''The Brides of Ardmore: A story of Irish life''] (London, 1880)
* [https://archive.org/details/throughcyprus00lewirich ''Through Cyprus''] (London, 1887)
* ''Glimpses of Greek Life and Scenery'' (London, 1884)
* [https://archive.org/details/catalogueofsyria00lewiuoft ''Catalogue of the Syriac MSS. in the Convent of S. Catharine on Mount Sinai''] (London, 1894)
* [https://archive.org/details/atranslationfou00lewigoog ''A Translation of the Four Gospels from the Syriac of the Sinaitic Palimpsest''] (London and New York, 1894)
* [https://archive.org/details/atranslationfou00unkngoog ''A Translation of the Four Gospels from the Syriac of the Sinaitic Palimpsest''] (London, 1896) (revised and extended edition)
* [https://archive.org/details/somepagesoffourg00lewi ''Some Pages of the Four Gospels Re-transcribed from the Sinaitic Palimpsest with a Translation of the Whole Text''] (London, 1896)
* [https://archive.org/details/inshadowsinaias01lewigoog ''In the Shadow of Sinai: A story of travel and research from 1895 to 1897''] (Cambridge, 1898)
* [https://archive.org/details/selectnarratives017362mbp ''Select Narratives of Holy Women: From the Syro-Antiochene or Sinai Palimpsest''] (London, 1900)
* [https://archive.org/details/apocryphasyriac00goog ''Apocrypha Syriaca: The Protevangelium Jacobi and Transitus Mariae''] (London, 1902, with [[Alphonse Mingana]])
* [https://archive.org/details/actamythologica00guidgoog ''Acta Mythologica Apostolorum''] (London, 1904) (Texts; English translation)
* [https://archive.org/details/supplementtopale0000agne ''Supplement to a Palestinian Syriac Lectionary''] (Cambridge, 1907)
* [https://archive.org/details/Lewis1909CodexClimaciRescriptus ''Codex Climaci Rescriptus: Fragments of the Sixth-Century Palestinian Syriac Texts of the Gospels, of the Acts of the Apostles, and of St Paul’s Epistles''] (London, 1909)
* [https://archive.org/details/oldsyriacgospels00lewirich ''The Old Syriac Gospels or Evangelion da-Mepharreshê''] (London, 1910)
* [https://archive.org/details/Lewis1912FortyMartyrsOfSinaiDesert ''The Forty Martyrs of the Sinai Desert and the Story of Eulogius from a Palestinian Syriac and Arabic Palimpsest''] (Cambridge, 1912)
* [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091301089 ''Light on the Four Gospels from the Sinai Palimpsest''] (London, 1913)
* [https://archive.org/details/LeavesFromThreeAncientQurans ''Leaves From Three Ancient Qur'ans; Possibly Pre-Othmanic''] (Cambridge, 1914, with Alphonse Mingana)
*
''Margaret Atheling And other Poems'' (London: Williams and Norgate, 1917)
===Margaret Dunlop Gibson===
* [https://archive.org/details/howcodexwasfoun00lewigoog ''How the Codex Was Found: A narrative of two visits to Sinai from Mrs. Lewis's journals, 1892 – 1893''] (Cambridge, 1893)
* ''An Arabic Version of the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans, Corinthians, Galatians with part of the Epistle to the Ephesians from a ninth century MS. in the Convent of Saint Catharine on Mount Sinai''. (London, 1894)
* ''Catalogue of the Arabic mss. in the Convent of Saint Catharine on Mount Sinai''. (London, 1894)
* ''An Arabic Version of the Acts of the Apostles and the Seven Catholic Epistles.'' (London 1899)
* ''The Commentaries of Ishodad of Merv, Bishop of Hadatha c. 850 ad.'' (London 1911)
* ''Matthew and Mark in Syriac.'' (London 1911)
* ''Luke and John in Syriac.'' (London 1911)
* ''The Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic Fathers.'' (London 1913)
* ''The Epistles of St Paul.'' (London 1916)
===Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson===
* [https://archive.org/details/palestiniansyria00lewiuoft ''A Palestinian Syriac Lectionary containing Lessons from The Pentateuch, Job, Proverbs, Prophest, Acts, and Epistles''] (London, 1897)
* [https://archive.org/details/palestiniansyri00gibsgoog ''The Palestinian Syriac Lectionary of the Gospels''] (London, 1899)
* [https://archive.org/details/palestiniansyria00lewi ''Palestinian Syriac Texts from palimpsest fragments in the Taylor-Schechter collection''] (London, 1900)
== Archives ==
A collection of scrapbooks of press cuttings relating to Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson can be found at the Cadbury Research Library, [[University of Birmingham]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=UoB Calmview5: Search results|url=https://calmview.bham.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=XDA61|access-date=2021-01-15|website=calmview.bham.ac.uk}}</ref>
== References ==
* Müller-Kessler, Christa (2004), Dunlop Gibson, née Smith (1843–1920), in ''Oxford Dictionary of the National Biography'', vol. 22. Oxford: Oxford Press, pp.&nbsp;89–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/55585.
* Müller-Kessler, Christa (2004), Lewis, Agnes Smith (1843–1926), in ''Oxford Dictionary of the National Biography'', vol. 33. Oxford: Oxford Press, pp.&nbsp;579–580. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/34510.
==Bibliography==
* Whigham Price, Alan (1964), The Ladies of Castlebrae. The Life of Dr. Agnes Smith Lewis and Dr. Margaret Dunlop Gibson (Annual Lecture to the Presbyterian Historical Society, October 1964; University of Durham. Durham.
* Whigham Price, Alan (1985), ''The Ladies of Castlebrae''. London. {{ISBN|0-86299-228-1}}
* [[United Reformed Church]] (2004), ''A Gift Box'' {{ISBN|0-85346-222-4}}.
* Cornick, D. and C. Binfield (editors) (2006) ''From Cambridge To Sinai'' United Reformed Church. {{ISBN|978-0-85346-251-4}}
* Jefferson, Rebecca J. W. (2009) "Sisters of Semitics: A Fresh Appreciation of the Scholarship of Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson" in ''Medieval Feminist Forum'' 45/1, pp. 23–49 [https://web.archive.org/web/20100703194009/http://ir.uiowa.edu/mff/vol45/iss1/4/]
* Soskice, Janet (2009), ''Sisters of Sinai: How Two Lady Adventurers Found the Hidden Gospels.'' London. {{ISBN|978-1-4000-3474-1}}
* Brock, Sebastian P. (2014), Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920), in Predrag Bukovec (ed.), ''Christlicher Orient im Porträt – Wissenschaftsgeschichte des Christlichen Orients''. Religionen im Vorderen Orient (RVO) 2. Hamburg. pp.&nbsp;267–280. {{ISBN|978-3-8300-7812-8}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|3}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34510 Agnes Smith Lewis; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]
* [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-55585 Margaret Dunlop Gibson; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131003155624/http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/lewis-and-gibson.html Mrs. Lewis and Mrs. Gibson]
* [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-WESTMINSTER-WGL-00004/55 Digitised lantern slides of the sisters' travels from Westminster College, on Cambridge Digital Library]
* [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F37697 National Archives]
* [http://ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-199304 Agnes Smith Lewis; Who is Who]
* [http://cpps.brepolis.net/bbih/incoming.cfm?odnb_id=34510 Agnes Smith Lewis]
* [https://sinai.library.ucla.edu Sinai Palimpsest Project]
* {{Librivox author |id=13831}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Agnes and Margaret}}
[[Category:Linguists]]
[[Category:English Presbyterians]]
[[Category:19th-century British women writers]]
[[Category:British women travel writers]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:English twins]]
[[Category:British travel writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish women writers]]