View source for Al Gore

{{Short description|Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001}}
{{Redirect|Albert Gore|his father|Albert Gore Sr.||Al Gore (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Al Gore
| image               = Al Gore, Vice President of the United States, official portrait 1994.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, 1994
| order1              = 45th
| office1             = Vice President of the United States
| president1          = [[Bill Clinton]]
| term_start1         = January 20, 1993
| term_end1           = January 20, 2001
| predecessor1        = [[Dan Quayle]]
| successor1          = [[Dick Cheney]]
| jr/sr2              = United States Senator
| state2              = [[Tennessee]]
| term_start2         = January 3, 1985
| term_end2           = January 2, 1993
| predecessor2        = [[Howard Baker]]
| successor2          = [[Harlan Mathews]]
| state3              = Tennessee
| term_start3         = January 3, 1977
| term_end3           = January 3, 1985
| predecessor3        = [[Joe L. Evins]]
| successor3          = [[Bart Gordon]]
| constituency3       = {{plainlist|
* {{ushr|TN|4|4th district}} (1977–1983)
* {{ushr|TN|6|6th district}} (1983–1985)
}}
| birth_name          = Albert Arnold Gore Jr.
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1948|3|31}}
| birth_place         = Washington, D.C., U.S.
| death_date          =
| death_place         =
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Tipper Gore|Tipper Aitcheson]]|May 19, 1970|2010|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}
| children            = 4, including [[Karenna Gore|Karenna]] and [[Kristin Gore|Kristin]]
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|environmentalist|businessman|journalist|author}}
| awards              = [[List of awards and honors received by Al Gore|List of awards and honors]]
| parents             = {{plainlist|
* [[Albert Gore Sr.]]
* [[Pauline LaFon Gore|Pauline LaFon]]
}}
| education           = {{plainlist|
* [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
* [[Vanderbilt University]]
}}
| signature           = Al Gore Signature 3.svg
| website             = {{Official URL}}
| allegiance          = <!-- United States; obvious -->
| branch              = [[United States Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1969–1971
| rank                = [[Specialist (rank)#Specialist (1955–present)|Specialist 4]]
| unit                = [[20th Engineer Brigade (United States)|20th Engineer Brigade]]
| battles             = [[Vietnam War]]
| mawards             = {{plainlist|
* [[National Defense Service Medal]]
* [[Vietnam Service Medal]]
* [[Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal]]
}}
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename= Al Gore voice.ogg|title=Al Gore's voice|type=speech|description= Al Gore speaking during remarks on submitting the 1999 budget<br />Recorded February 2, 1998}}
}}
{{Al Gore series}}
'''Albert Arnold Gore Jr.''' (born March 31, 1948) is an American [[politician]], [[Businessperson|businessman]], and [[environmentalist]] who served as the 45th [[vice president of the United States]] from 1993 to 2001 under President [[Bill Clinton]]. He previously served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from 1985 to 1993 and as a member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] from 1977 to 1985, in which he represented [[Tennessee]]. Gore was the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[president of the United States]] in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], which he lost to [[George W. Bush]] despite winning the [[Direct election|popular vote]].{{efn|name="ouregvp"|Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided via the [[United States electoral college|electoral college]]. Gore won the national [[Direct election|popular vote]], but lost the electoral college, thereby losing the election to Bush.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The American Statistician|date=February 2003|volume=57|number=1|pages=1–14|publisher=American Statistical Association|doi=10.1198/0003130031144|title=Statistical Practice: Reliability of the Uncertified Ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida|first1=Kirk|last1=Wolter|first2=Diana|last2=Jergovic|first3=Whitney|last3=Moore|first4=Joe|last4=Murphy|first5=Colm|last5=O'Muircheartaigh|url=http://www.amstat.org/misc/PresidentialElectionBallots.pdf|jstor=3087271|s2cid=120778921|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318154912/http://www.amstat.org/misc/PresidentialElectionBallots.pdf|archive-date=March 18, 2016|url-status=dead | issn = 0003-1305 }}</ref>}}
The son of politician [[Albert Gore Sr.]], Gore was an elected official for 24 years. He was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] from [[Tennessee]] (1977–1985) and, from 1985 to 1993, served as a [[United States Senate|U.S. senator]] for the state. He served as vice president during the [[Clinton administration]] from 1993 to 2001, defeating then-incumbents [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Dan Quayle]] in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]], and [[Bob Dole]] and [[Jack Kemp]] in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]], and was the first Democrat to serve two full terms as vice president since [[John Nance Garner]]. As of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, Gore's [[1990 United States Senate election in Tennessee|1990]] re-election remains the last time Democrats won a Senate election in Tennessee.
Gore was the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[president of the United States]] in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]] – in which he lost the [[United States electoral college|electoral college]] vote by five electoral votes to [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of Republican nominees for President of the United States|nominee]] [[George W. Bush]], despite winning the popular vote by 543,895 votes. The election concluded after the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled 5–4 in ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'' against a previous ruling by the [[Supreme Court of Florida]] on a [[2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida|re-count]] that would have likely given Gore a razor-thin lead in the state of [[Florida]], had the re-count continued as planned. He is one of [[List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|five presidential candidates in American history to lose a presidential election despite winning the popular vote]].
After his vice presidency ended in 2001, Gore remained prominent as an author and [[Environmental activism of Al Gore|environmental]] activist, whose work in [[climate change activism]] earned him (jointly with the [[IPCC]]) the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in [[2007 Nobel Peace Prize|2007]]. Gore is the founder and current chair of [[The Climate Reality Project]], the co-founder and chair of [[Generation Investment Management]], the now-defunct [[Current TV]] network, a former member of the Board of Directors of [[Apple Inc.]] and a senior adviser to Google.<ref name=bio>{{cite web |url=http://www.algore.com/about.html |title=Al's Bio |access-date=August 13, 2019 |last=Gore |first=Al |publisher=AlGore.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623070846/http://www.algore.com/about.html |archive-date=June 23, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gore is also a partner in the [[venture capital]] firm [[Kleiner Perkins]], heading its climate change solutions group.<ref name=greenbusiness>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/11/13/BAUCTAV4I.DTL&feed=rss.bayarea |title=Gore joins Valley's Kleiner Perkins to push green business |access-date=June 26, 2010 |last=Coile |first=Zachary |date=November 13, 2007 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |archive-date=August 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823053456/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F11%2F13%2FBAUCTAV4I.DTL&feed=rss.bayarea |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=partnerbio>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpcb.com/team/index.php?Al%20Gore |title=Partner bio at Kleiner Perkins |access-date=June 26, 2010 |publisher=Kleiner Perkins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722110249/http://www.kpcb.com/team/index.php?Al%20Gore |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has served as a visiting professor at [[Middle Tennessee State University]], [[Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism]], [[Fisk University]] and the [[University of California, Los Angeles]].<ref name=bio /><ref name=columbia>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/01/gore.html |author=Office of Public Affairs |title=Former Vice President Al Gore to Teach at Columbia's School of Journalism |access-date=June 26, 2010 |date=January 25, 2001 |work=Columbia News: the Public Affairs and Record Home Page |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |archive-date=May 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513181344/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/01/gore.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Fisk>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_10_99/ai_71190245/print |title=Al Gore To Teach At Fisk University—Brief Article |access-date=June 26, 2010 |author=<!--Not stated-->|date=February 19, 2001 |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126231735/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_10_99/ai_71190245/print |archive-date=January 26, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=UCLA>{{cite web|url=http://today.ucla.edu/portal/ut/010213gore.aspx |title=Training the Next Community Builders:Gore taps faculty expertise |access-date=August 20, 2008 |last=Lee |first=Cynthia |author2=Ko, Amy |year=2001 |publisher=UCLA Today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516011432/http://today.ucla.edu/portal/ut/010213gore.aspx |archive-date=May 16, 2011 }}</ref> He served on the Board of Directors of [[World Resources Institute]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wri.org/profile/al-gore |title=Al Gore |work=World Resources Institute |access-date=May 20, 2015 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413122559/https://www.wri.org/profile/al-gore |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Gore has received a number of awards that include the [[List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates#Laureates|Nobel Peace Prize]] (joint award with the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]], 2007), a [[Primetime Emmy Award]] for Current TV (2007), and a [[List of Webby Award winners#2005|Webby Award]] (2005). Gore was also the subject of the [[Academy Award for Documentary Feature|Academy Award]] winning (2007) documentary ''[[An Inconvenient Truth]]'' in 2006, as well as its 2017 sequel ''[[An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power]]''. In 2007, he was named a runner-up for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'s}} [[Time Person of the Year|2007 Person of the Year]].<ref name=Timeperson>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695515,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221164146/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695515,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 21, 2007 |title=Time Person of the Year 2007 Runners-Up: Al Gore |access-date=June 26, 2010 |author=Bono |author-link=Bono |magazine=Time |date=December 19, 2007}}</ref>  In 2008, Gore won the [[Dan David Prize]] for Social Responsibility,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Al Gore, Israeli author Amos Oz win Dan David Prize|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4990452|access-date=November 26, 2020|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423062417/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4990452|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Al Gore, Amos Oz share Dan David Prizes|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel/al-gore-amos-oz-share-dan-david-prizes|access-date=November 26, 2020|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|date=February 12, 2008 |language=en-US|archive-date=December 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219131412/https://www.jpost.com/israel/al-gore-amos-oz-share-dan-david-prizes|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2024, he was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by President [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/03/politics/biden-medal-of-freedom/index.html |title=Biden presents Medal of Freedom to key political allies, civil rights leaders, celebrities and politicians |first=Michael |last=Williams |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=May 3, 2024 |access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
{{stack|float=left|[[File:Al Gore in 1965 Albanian.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Gore in [[St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)|St. Albans School]]'s 1965 yearbook]]}}
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. was born on March 31, 1948, in Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Al Gore |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Gore |access-date=March 29, 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330014435/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Gore |url-status=live }}</ref> as the second of two children born to [[Albert Gore Sr.]], a U.S. Representative who later served for 18 years as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee, and [[Pauline LaFon Gore]], one of the first women to graduate from the [[Vanderbilt University Law School]].<ref name=women/> Gore is a descendant of [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scots Irish]] immigrants who first settled in [[Virginia]] during the mid-17th-century and moved to Tennessee after the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]].<ref>Turque, ''Inventing Al Gore'', p. 5.</ref> His older sister Nancy LaFon Gore died of lung cancer in 1984.<ref name=pbschron>{{cite web|title=Gore Chronology|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/choice2000/gore/cron.html|work=Frontline, Choice 2000|date=October 2, 2000|access-date=June 26, 2010|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|archive-date=August 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073545/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/choice2000/gore/cron.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in the [[Embassy Row]] section in Washington D.C.<ref name=twoworlds>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/gore101099a.htm|title=Al Gore, Growing Up in Two Worlds|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=Maraniss, David|author2=Nakashima, Ellen|date=October 10, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=September 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909183044/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/gore101099a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> During the summer months, he worked on the family farm in [[Carthage, Tennessee]], where the Gores grew tobacco and hay<ref name=farm>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo3.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, Growing Up|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=The Tennessean (photo)|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122714/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=dc>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo4.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, Growing Up|access-date=June 28, 2010|agency=Associated Press (photo)|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122725/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo4.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and raised cattle.<ref>{{cite book|first=Bob|last=Zelnick|title=Al Gore: A Political Life|publisher=Regnery Publishing|year=1999|isbn=978-0-89526-326-1|url=https://archive.org/details/gorepoliticallif00zeln}}</ref>
Gore attended [[St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)|St. Albans School]], an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D.C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the [[Ivy League]].<ref name="Gore's Grades">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/19/gores-grades-belie-image-of-studiousness/5da4b9e3-a017-4dd5-9bb5-bfc68f0b4eb5/|title=Gore's Grades Belie Image of Studiousness|author=Maraniss, David|author2=Nakashima, Ellen|date=March 18, 2000|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 29, 2010|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828172006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/19/gores-grades-belie-image-of-studiousness/5da4b9e3-a017-4dd5-9bb5-bfc68f0b4eb5/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=harvardnyt>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/062100wh-gore.html|title=On Campus Torn by 60's, Agonizing Over the Path|access-date=June 22, 2008|author=Henneberger, Melinda|date=June 21, 2000|work=The New York Times|archive-date=August 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827105918/http://www.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/062100wh-gore.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the captain of the football team, [[Discus throw|threw discus]] for the track and field team and participated in basketball, art, and government.<ref name=women/><ref name=twoworlds/><ref name=albans>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo6.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, Growing Up|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=St. Albans Class of 1965 (photo)|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122708/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He graduated 25th in a class of 51, applied to one college, [[Harvard University]], and was accepted.<ref name="Gore's Grades"/><ref name="harvardnyt"/>
===Harvard===
Gore enrolled in [[Harvard College]] in 1965; he initially planned to [[academic major|major]] in [[English studies|English]] and write novels but later decided to major in government.<ref name="Gore's Grades"/><ref name=harvardnyt/> On his second day on campus, he began campaigning for the [[freshman]] student government council and was elected its president. He was roommates with actor [[Tommy Lee Jones]] in [[Dunster House]].<ref name="harvardnyt" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Life of AL Gore (washingtonpost.com) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/algore122699b.htm |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>
Gore was an avid reader who fell in love with scientific and mathematical theories,<ref name=harvardnyt/> but he did not do well in science classes and avoided taking math.<ref name="Gore's Grades"/> During his first two years, his grades placed him in the lower one-fifth of his class. During his second year, he reportedly spent much of his time watching television, [[Cue sport|shooting pool]] and occasionally smoking [[marijuana]].<ref name="Gore's Grades"/><ref name=harvardnyt/> In his junior and senior years, he became more involved with his studies, earning As and Bs.<ref name="Gore's Grades"/> In his senior year, he took a class with oceanographer and global warming theorist [[Roger Revelle]], who sparked Gore's interest in global warming and other environmental issues.<ref name=harvardnyt/><ref>Turque, ''Inventing Al Gore'', p. 59.</ref> Gore earned an A on his thesis, "The Impact of Television on the Conduct of the Presidency, 1947–1969", and graduated with an [[Bachelors of Arts|A.B.]] ''[[cum laude]]'' in June 1969.<ref name="Gore's Grades"/><ref>Turque, ''Inventing Al Gore'', p. 388.</ref>
[[File:Albert Gore Sr. speaking at the 1968 DNC.jpg|thumb|Albert Gore Sr. delivering a speech to the [[1968 Democratic National Convention]] which the younger Gore helped him write]]
Gore was in college during the era of anti-[[Vietnam War]] protests. He was opposed to the war, but he disagreed with the tactics of the student [[protest movement]] and believed it to be juvenile and misguided to use a private university as a venue to vent anger at the war.<ref name=harvardnyt/> He and his friends did not participate in Harvard demonstrations. John Tyson, a former roommate, recalled that "We distrusted these movements a lot ... We were a pretty traditional bunch of guys, positive for civil rights and women's rights but formal, transformed by the social revolution to some extent but not buying into something we considered detrimental to our country."<ref name=harvardnyt/><ref name=frosh>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo8.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, The Path to Politics|access-date=June 28, 2010|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122712/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo8.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore helped his father write an anti war address to the [[1968 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention of 1968]] but stayed with his parents in their hotel room during the [[1968 Democratic National Convention protests|violent protests]].<ref name=harvardnyt/>
==Military service and early career (1969–1976)==
===Military service===
[[File:AlGoreVietnam.png|thumb|left|upright|Gore with the [[20th Engineer Brigade]] in [[Biên Hòa]] as a journalist with the paper ''The Castle Courier'']]
When Gore graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the [[Conscription in the United States|military draft]]. His father, a vocal anti Vietnam War critic, was facing re-election in 1970. Gore eventually decided that enlisting in the Army would be the best course between serving his country, his personal values and interests. Although nearly all of his Harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in Vietnam,<ref name=serveornot>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/pmextra/dec99/29/gore6.htm|title=Gore: To Serve or Not to Serve (The Life of Al Gore, Sixth in a series)|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Maraniss, David|author2=Nakashima, Ellen|date=December 29, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|author-link=David Maraniss|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106064602/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/pmextra/dec99/29/gore6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his father's Republican opponent.<ref name=mixed/> According to Gore's Senate biography, "He appeared in uniform in his father's campaign commercials, one of which ended with his father advising: 'Son, always love your country'."<ref name=biosen>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Gore,_Albert.pdf |title=Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993–2001) |access-date=June 29, 2010 |author=<!--Not stated-->|work=Special Collections |publisher=[[U.S. Senate Historical Office]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611162512/http://senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Gore%2C_Albert.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite this, Gore Sr. lost the election to an opponent who vastly out-fundraised him. This opponent was later found by the Watergate commission to have accepted illegal money from Nixon's operatives.<ref name=mixed/>
Gore has said that his other reason for enlisting was that he did not want someone with fewer options than he to go in his place.<ref name="campaign portrait">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965770,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827153906/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965770,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 27, 2013|title=Campaign Portrait, Al Gore:Trying to Set Himself Apart|author=Talbott, Strobe |author-link=Strobe Talbott |date=October 19, 1987 |magazine=Time|access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> Actor [[Tommy Lee Jones]], a former college housemate, recalled Gore saying that "if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place".<ref name=harvardnyt/><ref name=tells>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/23/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-tells-fellow-veterans-he-dedicated-military.html|title=The 2000 Campaign: The Vice President; Gore Tells Fellow Veterans He Is Dedicated to Military|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Sack, Kevin|date=August 23, 2000|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033638/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/23/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-tells-fellow-veterans-he-dedicated-military.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His Harvard advisor, [[Richard Neustadt]], also stated that Gore decided, "that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" In addition, Michael Roche, Gore's editor for ''The Castle Courier'', stated that "anybody who knew Al Gore in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't."<ref name=mixed>{{cite news|url=http://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/071100wh-gore.html|title=For Gore, Army Years Mixed Vietnam and Family Politics|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Henneberger, Melinda|date=July 11, 2000|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 3, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503022029/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/071100wh-gore.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
After enlisting in August 1969, Gore returned to the anti war Harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was "jeered" at by students.<ref name=pbschron/><ref name=harvardnyt/> He later said he was astonished by the "emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... certainly felt like real hatred".<ref name=harvardnyt/>
Gore had basic training at [[Fort Dix]] from August to October, and then was assigned to be a journalist at [[Fort Rucker]], Alabama.<ref name=mixed/> In April 1970, he was named Rucker's "Soldier of the Month".<ref name=pbschron/>
His orders to be sent to Vietnam were "held up" for some time and the Gore family suspected that this was due to a fear by the [[Nixon administration]] that if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes.<ref name=mixed/> He was finally shipped to [[South Vietnam|Vietnam]] on January 2, 1971, after his father had lost his seat in the Senate during the [[1970 United States Senate elections|1970 Senate election]], becoming one "of only about a dozen of the 1,115 Harvard graduates in the [all-male] Class of '69 who went to Vietnam".<ref name=mixed/><ref name=boy/><ref name=father>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/22/us/a-political-father-who-chose-the-high-road-and-unpopular-stands.html|title=A Political Father Who Chose the High Road and Unpopular Stands|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Henneberger, Melinda|date=May 22, 2000|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033847/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/22/us/a-political-father-who-chose-the-high-road-and-unpopular-stands.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore was stationed with the [[20th Engineer Brigade]] in [[Biên Hòa]] and was a journalist with ''The Castle Courier.''<ref name=cc>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo10.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, The Path To Politics|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=H. Alan Leo (photo)|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122713/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He received an [[Military discharge|honorable discharge]] from the Army in May 1971.<ref name=pbschron/>
Of his time in the Army, Gore later stated, "I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform."<ref name=tells/> He also later stated that his experience in Vietnam
{{blockquote|didn't change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of [[South Vietnamese]] who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://issues2000.org/Celeb/More_Al_Gore_Homeland_Security.htm|title=More Al Gore on Homeland Security|year=2000|access-date=June 29, 2010|publisher=[[On The Issues]]|archive-date=September 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915000413/http://issues2000.org/Celeb/More_Al_Gore_Homeland_Security.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
===Vanderbilt and journalism===
Gore was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam.<ref name=biosen/> [[NashvillePost.com]] noted that, "his father's defeat made service in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to Gore. His experiences in the war zone don't seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, Gore has said he didn't see full-scale combat. Still, he felt that his participation in the war was wrong."<ref name=boy/>
Although his parents wanted him to go to law school, Gore first attended [[Vanderbilt University Divinity School]] (1971–72) on a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore "spiritual issues",<ref name="CNN-990616">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/06/16/president.2000/gore.biography/|title=Biography: Gore's road from Tennessee to the White House|author=<!--Not stated-->|access-date=June 29, 2010|date=June 16, 1999|publisher=CNN|archive-date=April 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424073033/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/06/16/president.2000/gore.biography/|url-status=live}}</ref> and that "he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs".<ref name="Spiritual Search">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=4pF9x-cDGsoC&dat=20000710&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |first=Julie |last=Leiblich|title=On the Question of Faith: Born Again Gore Takes Open Minded Tack|date=July 10, 2000|pages=3A|publisher=[[Eugene Register-Guard]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=June 29, 2010}}</ref>
In 1971, Gore also began to work the night shift for ''[[The Tennessean]]'' as an [[Investigative journalism|investigative reporter]].<ref name=congressbio>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000321|title=Gore, Albert Arnold, Jr., (1948– )|access-date=June 29, 2010|work=Biographic Directory of the U.S. Congress|publisher=U.S. Congress, Office of History and Preservation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711071155/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000321|archive-date=July 11, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> His investigations of corruption among members of [[Nashville's Metro Council]] resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses.<ref name=boy>{{cite web|url=http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/1992/9/17/al_gore_boy_reporter|title=Al Gore, boy reporter|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Wood, E. Thomas|date=September 17, 1992|publisher=Nashville Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122022413/http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/1992/9/17/al_gore_boy_reporter|archive-date=November 22, 2008}}</ref>
In 1974, he took a leave of absence from ''The Tennessean'' to attend Vanderbilt University Law School. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it.<ref name="CNN-990616"/> Gore did not complete law school, deciding abruptly, in 1976, to run for a seat in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] when he found out that his father's former seat in the House was about to be vacated.<ref name="CNN-990616"/><ref name=decision/>
==Congress (1977–1993)==
{{See also|Electoral history of Al Gore|Al Gore and information technology|Environmental activism of Al Gore}}
Gore began serving in the U.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both the House (1977–1985) and the Senate (1985–1993).<ref name=congressbio/> Gore spent many weekends in Tennessee, working with his constituents.<ref name=women/><ref name=biosen/>
===House and Senate===
[[File:Interview with Al Gore.jpg|thumb|right|Gore in 1977]]
At the end of February 1976, U.S. Representative [[Joe L. Evins]] unexpectedly announced his retirement from Congress, making [[Tennessee's 4th congressional district]] seat, to which he had succeeded Albert Gore Sr. in 1953 [[Incumbent|open]]. Within hours after '' The Tennessean''  publisher [[John Seigenthaler Sr.]] called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming,<ref name=decision>{{cite news|url=http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2008/2/29/nashville_now_and_then_young_als_big_decision
|title=Nashville now and then: Young Al's big decision|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Wood, Thomas|date=February 29, 2008|work=Nashville Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011194100/http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2008/2/29/nashville_now_and_then_young_als_big_decision |archive-date=October 11, 2008}}</ref> Gore decided to quit law school and run for the House of Representatives:
{{blockquote|Gore's abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself; he later said that "I didn't realize myself I had been pulled back so much to it." The news came as a "bombshell" to his wife. Tipper Gore held a job in ''The Tennessean''{{'}}s photo lab and was working on a master's degree in psychology, but she joined in her husband's campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at ''The Tennessean'' back if he lost). By contrast, Gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign: "I must become my own man," he explained. "I must not be your candidate."<ref name=biosen/>}}
Gore won the 1976 Democratic primary for the district with "32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival", and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote.<ref name=traveler>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/us/gore-as-candidate-traveler-between-2-worlds.html|title=Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Weaver, Warren Jr.|date=January 21, 1988|work=The New York Times|archive-date=July 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731160608/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/us/gore-as-candidate-traveler-between-2-worlds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He went on to win the next three elections, in [[1978 United States House of Representatives elections|1978]], [[1980 United States House of Representatives elections|1980]] and [[1982 United States House of Representatives elections|1982]], where "he was unopposed twice and won 79 percent of the vote the other time".<ref name=traveler/> [[1984 United States Senate election in Tennessee|In 1984]], Gore successfully ran for a seat in the [[List of United States senators from Tennessee|U.S. Senate]], which had been vacated by Republican [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] [[Howard Baker]]. He was "unopposed in the Democratic Senatorial primary and won the general election going away", despite the fact that Republican President Ronald Reagan swept Tennessee in his [[1984 United States presidential election|reelection campaign]] the same year.<ref name=traveler/> Gore defeated Republican senatorial nominee [[Victor Ashe]], subsequently the [[List of mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee|mayor]] of [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]], and the Republican-turned-[[Independent (politics)|Independent]], Ed McAteer, founder of the [[Christian right]] Religious Roundtable organization that had worked to elect Reagan as president in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/us/edward-e-mcateer-78-empowered-christian-right.html|title=Edward E. McAteer, 78; Empowered Christian Right|first=Margalit|last=Fox|date=October 10, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 26, 2016|archive-date=July 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723072355/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/us/edward-e-mcateer-78-empowered-christian-right.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Sengore.jpg|thumb|upright|Gore during his congressional years]]
During his tenure in the House, Gore voted in favor of the [[Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day|bill]] establishing [[Martin Luther King Jr. Day]] as a [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/h289|title=TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS H.R. 3706, A BILL AMENDING TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE TO MAKE THE BIRTHDAY OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., A LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAY. (MOTION PASSED;2/3 REQUIRED).|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520080737/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/h289|url-status=live}}</ref> While Gore initially did not vote on the [[Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987]] in January 1988,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s432|title=TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE.|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728203812/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s432|url-status=live}}</ref> he voted to override [[Ronald Reagan|President Reagan]]'s veto the following March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s487|title=TO ADOPT, OVER THE PRESIDENT'S VETO OF S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE BROAD COVERAGE OF FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY DECLARING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE. TWO-THIRDS OF THE SENATE, HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, OVERRODE THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO.|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=August 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145251/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s487|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore voted against the nomination of [[William Rehnquist#Chief Justice|William Rehnquist]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Record–Senate|date=September 17, 1986|page=23803|publisher=[[United States Senate]]|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/266_1986.pdf|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012035122/https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/266_1986.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the nominations of [[Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination|Robert Bork]] and [[Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination|Clarence Thomas]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |agency=[[The Associated Press]] |date=1991-10-16 |title=The Thomas Confirmation; How the Senators Voted on Thomas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/16/us/the-thomas-confirmation-how-the-senators-voted-on-thomas.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
During his time in the House, Gore sat on the [[United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce|Energy and Commerce]] and the [[United States House Committee on Science and Technology|Science and Technology]] committees, chairing the Science Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations for four years.<ref name=traveler/> He also sat on the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|House Intelligence Committee]] and, in 1982, introduced the ''Gore Plan'' for [[arms control]], to "reduce chances of a nuclear first strike by cutting multiple warheads and deploying single-warhead mobile launchers".<ref name=biosen/> While in the Senate, he sat on the [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]], the [[United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration|Rules and Administration]], and the [[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Armed Services]] Committees.<ref name=biosen/> In 1991, Gore was one of ten Democrats who supported the [[Gulf War]].<ref name=biosen/>
Gore was considered one of the ''[[Atari Democrat]]s'', given this name due to their "passion for technological issues, from biomedical research and genetic engineering to the environmental impact of the "[[greenhouse effect]]".<ref name=biosen/> On March 19, 1979, he had become the first member of Congress to appear on [[C-SPAN]].<ref name=cspan>{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/technology/tv.html|title=House History: Speaker Joe Martin's Television Debut:The House of Representatives and Television|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Office of the Clerk|work=Electronic Technology in the House of Representatives|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708185140/http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/technology/tv.html|archive-date=July 8, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this time, Gore co-chaired the Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future with [[Newt Gingrich]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/gorenewt.html?pg=3&topic=|title=The Making of The President 2000|author=Heilemann, John|magazine=Wired|date=December 1995|access-date=June 29, 2010|archive-date=September 26, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040926014325/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/gorenewt.html?pg=3|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, he has been described as having been a "genuine nerd, with a geek reputation running back to his days as a futurist ''Atari Democrat'' in the House. Before computers were comprehensible, let alone sexy, the poker-faced Gore struggled to explain [[artificial intelligence]] and [[fiber-optic network]]s to sleepy colleagues."<ref name=biosen/><ref name=challange>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1998/01/9939|title=A Man, a Plan, a Challenge|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Miles, Sarah|date=January 30, 1998|magazine=Wired|archive-date=December 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228033222/http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1998/01/9939|url-status=live}}</ref> Internet pioneers [[Vint Cerf]] and [[Bob Kahn]] noted that,
{{blockquote|as far back as the 1970s, Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high-speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp the potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship ... the Internet, as we know it today, was not deployed until 1983. When the Internet was still in the early stages of its deployment, Congressman Gore provided intellectual leadership by helping create the vision of the potential benefits of high speed computing and communication.<ref name=cerfkahn/>}}
Gore introduced the Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986.<ref name="Gregory">[http://www.netvalley.com/cgi-bin/intval/net_history.pl?chapter=1 Roads and Crossroads of Internet History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824135203/http://www.netvalley.com/cgi-bin/intval/net_history.pl?chapter=1 |date=August 24, 2016 }} by Gregory Gromov</ref> He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises.<ref name=cerfkahn/>
As a Senator, Gore began to craft the ''[[High Performance Computing Act of 1991]]'' (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill") after hearing the 1988 report ''Toward a National Research Network'' submitted to Congress by a group chaired by [[UCLA]] professor of computer science, [[Leonard Kleinrock]], one of the central creators of the [[ARPANET#ARPA deployed|ARPANET]] (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.shtml|title=Computer History Museum Exhibits:1991|publisher=Computer History Museum|access-date=June 1, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710170917/http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/internet_history_90s.shtml|archive-date=July 10, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kleinrock, Leonard|author2=Kahn, Bob|author3=Clark, David|title=Toward a National Research Network|year=1988|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=NI000393|access-date=June 29, 2010|publisher=National Academy Press|location=Washington, D.C.|doi=10.17226/10334|isbn=978-0-309-58125-7|archive-date=May 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518191122/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=NI000393|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kleinrock, Leonard|author2=Cerf, Vint |author3=Kahn, Bob|title=A Brief History of the Internet|work=Transition to Widespread Infrastructure|date=December 10, 2003|url=http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml#Transition|access-date=July 5, 2010|publisher=Internet Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620212109/http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml|archive-date=June 20, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The bill was passed on December 9, 1991, and led to the [[National Information Infrastructure]] (NII) which Gore referred to as the "[[information superhighway]]".<ref>{{cite journal|author=Chapman, Gary|author2=Rotenberg, Marc|editor1=Johnson, Deborah G.|editor2=Nissanbaum, Helen|journal=Computers, Ethics, & Social Values|year=1995|url=http://www.cpsr.org/prevsite/publications/newsletters/old/1990s/Summer1993.txt|title=The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity|pages=628–644|place=Englewood Cliffs|publisher=Prentice Hall|access-date=September 24, 2007|archive-date=September 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190648/http://www.cpsr.org/prevsite/publications/newsletters/old/1990s/Summer1993.txt|url-status=live}}</ref>
After joining the House of Representatives, Gore held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming".<ref name=guadiantimeline>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/12/climatechange1|title=Timeline: Al Gore: The life and career of Al Gore|author=Aldred, Jessica|author2=Goodchild, Lauren|access-date=June 29, 2010|date=October 12, 2007|work=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=September 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901005736/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/12/climatechange1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nation>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/gore-warms|title=Gore Warms Up|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Corn, David|date=May 25, 2006|magazine=[[The Nation]]|archive-date=August 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812222922/http://www.thenation.com/article/gore-warms|url-status=live}}</ref> He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s.<ref name="biosen"/><ref name=timegreen>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1670871,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012211129/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1670871,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2007|title=A Green Tipping Point|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Walsh, Bryan|date=October 12, 2007|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name=nytgreen>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/us/washington-talk-greening-democrats-80-s-mix-idealism-shrewd-politics.html|title=Greening of Democrats: An 80's Mix of Idealism And Shrewd Politics|access-date=August 14, 2013|author=Dionne, E. J.|author-link=E.J. Dionne|date=June 14, 1989|work=Washington Talk|archive-date=June 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616203548/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/us/washington-talk-greening-democrats-80-s-mix-idealism-shrewd-politics.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1990, Senator Gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a ''[[Global Marshall Plan]],'' "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment".<ref>{{cite news|title=World's Legislators Urge 'Marshall Plan' For the Environment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/03/world/world-s-legislators-urge-marshall-plan-for-the-environment.html|date=May 3, 1990|access-date=June 29, 2010|work=The New York Times|author=Shabecoff, Philip|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033446/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/03/world/world-s-legislators-urge-marshall-plan-for-the-environment.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Son's 1989 accident and first book===
On April 3, 1989, Al, Tipper and their six-year-old son Albert were leaving a baseball game. Albert ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown {{convert|30|ft|sigfig=1}} and then traveled along the pavement for another {{convert|20|ft|sigfig=1}}.<ref name=women/> Gore later recalled: "I ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with the nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice."<ref name=women/> Albert was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The Gores spent the next month in the hospital with Albert. Gore also commented: "Our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit."<ref name=women>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,997752,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827152455/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,997752,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 27, 2013|title=Democratic Convention: The Women Who Made Al Gore|access-date=June 29, 2010 |author=Tumulty, Karen |date=August 21, 2000 |magazine=Time}}</ref> This event was "a trauma so shattering that [Gore] views it as a moment of personal rebirth", a "key moment in his life" which "changed everything".<ref name=women/>
In August 1991, Gore announced that his son's accident was a factor in his decision not to run [[1992 United States presidential election|for president in 1992]].<ref name=announcement91>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/22/us/gore-won-t-run-for-president-in-1992.html|title=Gore Won't Run for President in 1992|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Ifill, Gwen|author-link=Gwen Ifill|date=August 22, 1991|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033601/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/22/us/gore-won-t-run-for-president-in-1992.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore stated: "I would like to be President.... But I am also a father, and I feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didn't feel right about tearing myself away from my family to the extent that is necessary in a Presidential campaign."<ref name=announcement91/> During this time, Gore wrote ''[[Earth in the Balance]]'', a text that became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''The New York Times'' Best Seller list]] since [[John F. Kennedy]]'s ''[[Profiles in Courage]]''.<ref name=biosen/>
==First presidential run (1988)==
{{Main|Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign}}
In 1988, Gore sought the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party's]] nomination for President of the United States. Gore carried seven states in the primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included Massachusetts Governor [[Michael Dukakis]], then Senator, future Vice President and current President [[Joe Biden]], [[Gary Hart]], Congressman [[Dick Gephardt]], [[Paul Simon (politician)|Paul Simon]] and [[Jesse Jackson]]. Dukakis eventually won the Democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to [[George H. W. Bush]] in the general election.
Although Gore initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy was the subject of speculation: "National analysts make Sen. Gore a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand."<ref name=twoworlds/> At the time, he was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy".<ref name=twoworlds/>
CNN noted that, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday". Gore thought he would be the only serious Southern contender; he had not counted on Jesse Jackson."<ref name=firstrun>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/democracy/gore/stories/gore/index2.html|title=The first presidential run|access-date=July 1, 2008|year=2000|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101160034/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/democracy/gore/stories/gore/index2.html|archive-date=January 1, 2007}}</ref> Jackson defeated Gore in the [[South Carolina Primary|South Carolina primary]], winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee".<ref name=jacksontriumph>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/us/jackson-s-triumph-in-south-carolina-illustrates-dramatic-change-since-vote-in-84.html|title=Jackson's Triumph in South Carolina Illustrates Dramatic Change Since Vote in '84|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Berke, Richard|date=March 14, 1988|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033438/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/us/jackson-s-triumph-in-south-carolina-illustrates-dramatic-change-since-vote-in-84.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore next placed great hope on [[Super Tuesday]] where they split the Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; Gore winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.<ref name=biosen/><ref name=firstrun/><ref name=pbssuper>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html|title=The First Super Tuesday (Transcript)|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Berke, Richard|date=March 9, 1988|work=Online News Hour|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608131916/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html|archive-date=June 8, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gore was later endorsed by New York City Mayor [[Ed Koch]] who made statements in favor of Israel and against Jackson. These statements cast Gore in a negative light,<ref name=firstrun/> leading voters away from Gore who received only 10% of the vote in the New York primary. Gore then dropped out of the race.<ref name=biosen/> ''[[The New York Times]]'' said that Gore also lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others.<ref name=next>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/22/opinion/this-gore-campaign-and-the-next.html|title=This Gore Campaign, and the Next|access-date=June 29, 2009|author=((NYT editors))|series=Opinion|date=April 22, 1988|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033709/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/22/opinion/this-gore-campaign-and-the-next.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the [[Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign|2000 presidential election]].<ref name=jacksonendorse>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |title=Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president |access-date=June 29, 2010 |author=<!--Not stated-->|date=March 1, 2000 |publisher=CNN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424004451/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |archive-date=April 24, 2009 }}</ref><ref name=salonjackson>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html
|title=God bless Jesse Jackson
|access-date=June 29, 2010 |author=Sweeney, Kevin
|date=December 1, 2000 |work=Salon
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622065457/http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html
|archive-date=June 22, 2009 }}</ref> Gore's policies changed substantially in 2000, reflecting his eight years as vice president.<ref name=pbschange>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html|title=Who Cares Who Wins?|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Spencer, Jane|date=September 20, 2000|work=A NewsHour with Jim Lehrer Special for Students|publisher=PBS|archive-date=January 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105094437/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==1992 presidential election==
{{See also|1992 United States presidential election|Presidential transition of Bill Clinton}}
Gore was initially hesitant to be [[Bill Clinton]]'s running mate for the [[1992 United States presidential election]], but after clashing with the [[Presidency of George H. W. Bush|George H. W. Bush administration]] over [[global warming]] issues, he decided to accept the offer.<ref name=biosen/> Clinton stated that he chose Gore due to his foreign policy experience, work with the environment, and commitment to his family.<ref name=selects/><ref name=clintonannounce>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-their-own-words-excerpts-clinton-s-gore-s-remarks-ticket.html|title=The 1992 Campaign: their own words; excerpts from Clinton's and Gore's remarks on the ticket|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Ifill, Gwen|date=July 10, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033456/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-their-own-words-excerpts-clinton-s-gore-s-remarks-ticket.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Clinton's choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking a running mate who would [[Ticket balance|diversify the ticket]], Clinton chose a fellow Southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as Clinton.<ref name=biosen/><ref name=selects>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-selects-senator-gore-tennessee-running-mate.html|title=The 1992 Campaign: Democrats; Clinton selects senator Gore of Tennessee as running mate|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Ifill, Gwen|date=July 10, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702052545/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-selects-senator-gore-tennessee-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=soil>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/news/democratics-ticket-sons-south-presidential-ticket-sprouts-soil-2-tiny-farm-towns.html|title=The Democrats Ticket: Sons of the South; Presidential Ticket Sprouts From Soil of 2 Tiny Farm Towns 450 Miles Apart|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=DeParle, Jason|date=July 17, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033612/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/news/democratics-ticket-sons-south-presidential-ticket-sprouts-soil-2-tiny-farm-towns.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Washington Bureau Chief for ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'', Paul West, later suggested that, "Al Gore revolutionized the way Vice Presidents are made. When he joined Bill Clinton's ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity? Not with two Southerners from neighboring states. Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, Gore has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as the best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years."<ref name=wow>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2008/07/06/picking-a-no-2-the-wow-factor/|title=Picking a No. 2: the 'wow' factor|access-date=July 5, 2010|author=West, Paul|date=July 6, 2008|series=Collections – Element Of Surprise|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511130317/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2008-07-06/news/0807050169_1_al-gore-running-mates-obama|url-status=live}}</ref>
Clinton and Gore accepted the nomination at the [[Democratic National Convention]] on July 17, 1992.<ref name=clintonnom>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/30/us/clinton-s-speech-accepting-the-democratic-nomination-for-president.html|title=In Their Own Words; Transcript of Speech by Clinton Accepting Democratic Nomination|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Clinton, William|date=July 17, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033521/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/30/us/clinton-s-speech-accepting-the-democratic-nomination-for-president.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=gorenom>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/news/in-their-own-words-excerpts-from-speech-by-gore-at-convention.html|title=In Their Own Words; Excerpts From Speech By Gore at Convention|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Gore, Al|date=July 17, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033506/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/news/in-their-own-words-excerpts-from-speech-by-gore-at-convention.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Known as the ''[[Baby Boomer]] Ticket'' and the ''[[Thirtysomething (TV series)#Oxford English Dictionary|Fortysomething]] Team,'' ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that if elected, Clinton and Gore, at ages 46 and 44 respectively, would be the "youngest team to make it to the White House in the country's history".<ref name=selects/><ref name=babyboom>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/13/us/the-campaign-2-baby-boomers-on-1-ticket-a-first-but-will-it-work.html|title=The Campaign; 2 Baby Boomers on 1 ticket: A First, But Will It Work?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Dowd, Maureen|author-link=Maureen Dowd|date=July 13, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033832/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/13/us/the-campaign-2-baby-boomers-on-1-ticket-a-first-but-will-it-work.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore called the ticket "a new generation of leadership".
[[File:ElectoralCollege1992.svg|right|thumb|270x270px|1992 electoral vote results. The Clinton-Gore ticket won 370–168.]]
<ref name="selects" /><ref name="youth">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/30/us/the-1992-campaign-the-youth-vote-democrats-court-youngest-voters.html|title=The 1992 campaign: The youth vote; Democrats court youngest voters|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Suro, Roberto|date=October 30, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033537/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/30/us/the-1992-campaign-the-youth-vote-democrats-court-youngest-voters.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, Hillary and Tipper, on a "six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from New York to St. Louis".<ref name="bustour">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/19/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-gore-caravan-refuels-with-spirit-adoring-crowds.html|title=The 1992 Campaign: The Democrats; Clinton-Gore Caravan Refuels With Spirit From Adoring Crowds|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Ifill, Gwen|date=July 19, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033620/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/19/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-gore-caravan-refuels-with-spirit-adoring-crowds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Al Gore would participate in one vice-presidential debate against Vice President [[Dan Quayle]], and Admiral [[James Stockdale]]. That debate, as of 2023, was the only televised Vice-Presidential debate with more than two participating candidates. The Clinton-Gore ticket beat the Bush-Quayle and Perot-Stockdale tickets with 43% of the popular vote, versus their 38% and 19%, respectively. Clinton and Gore received 370 electoral votes, versus the incumbent ticket's 168, and Perot's 0.<ref name="biosen" />
==Vice presidency (1993–2001)==
{{Main|Vice presidency of Al Gore}}
{{See also|Al Gore and information technology|Environmental activism of Al Gore}}
[[File:Al Gore 1993 oath.jpg|thumb|Gore being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice [[Byron White]] on January 20, 1993]]Al Gore served as vice president during the [[Clinton administration]]. Clinton and Gore were inaugurated on January 20, 1993. At the beginning of the first term, they developed a "two-page agreement outlining their relationship". Clinton committed himself to regular lunch meetings; he recognized Gore as a principal adviser on nominations and appointed some of Gore's chief advisers to key White House staff positions. Clinton involved Gore in decision-making to an unprecedented degree for a vice president. Through their weekly lunches and daily conversations, Gore became the president's "indisputable chief adviser".<ref name="biosen" />[[File:1993 Clinton Inauguration.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The Clintons and the Gores as [[Chelsea Clinton]] rings a replica of the [[Liberty Bell]], 1993]]However, Gore had to compete with First Lady Hillary for President Clinton's influence, starting when she was appointed to the health-care task force without Gore's consultation. ''Vanity Fair'' wrote that President Clinton's "failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order", and reported "it was an open secret that some of Hillary's advisers...nurtured dreams that Hillary, not Gore, would follow Bill in the presidency".<ref name="vanityfair.com">{{cite journal |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/11/clinton200711 |title=White House Civil War |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 2007 |issue=November |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007095712/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/11/clinton200711 |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |last1=Smith |first1=Sally Bedell }}</ref><ref name="politico.com">{{cite news |first=Darren |last=Samuelsohn |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/al-gore-hillary-clinton-215957 |title=Why Al Gore won't endorse Hillary Clinton |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204000204/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/al-gore-hillary-clinton-215957 |archive-date=December 4, 2016 }}</ref>
Gore had a particular interest in reducing "waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations".<ref name=biosen/> During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. economy expanded, according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at [[Rutgers University]]) who said that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged."<ref name="econ">{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2008/02/memo_to_obama_fans.html|title=Memo to Obama Fans: Clinton's presidency was not a failure|author=Greenberg, David|access-date=August 14, 2013|work=The History Behind Current Events|date=February 12, 2008|archive-date=December 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214185945/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2008/02/memo_to_obama_fans.html|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Bill Clinton mit Al Gore2.jpg|thumb|Gore and President [[Bill Clinton]] on the South Lawn, August 10, 1993]] According to Leslie Budd, author of ''E-economy: Rhetoric or Business Reality'', this economic success was due, in part, to Gore's continued role as an ''Atari Democrat'', promoting the development of information technology, which led to the [[Dot-com bubble|dot-com boom]]. ({{circa|1995}}–2001).<ref name=eeconomy>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKk0jnq0W5YC&pg=PA126|title=The puzzle of India's governance: culture, context and comparative theory|access-date=July 10, 2010|author=Mitra, Subrata K.|date=January 13, 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-34861-4|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216135633/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKk0jnq0W5YC&pg=PA126|url-status=live}}</ref> Clinton and Gore entered office planning to finance research that would "flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening American industry".<ref name=hightech>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/10/science/clinton-to-promote-high-technology-with-gore-in-charge.html|first=William|last=Broad|title=Clinton to Promote High Technology, With Gore in Charge|date=November 10, 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 29, 2010|archive-date=January 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126111650/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/10/science/clinton-to-promote-high-technology-with-gore-in-charge.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Their overall aim was to fund the development of, "robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were] a raft of basic technologies like digital imaging and data storage."<ref name=hightech/> Critics claimed that the initiatives would "backfire, bloating Congressional pork and creating whole new categories of Federal waste".<ref name=hightech/>
During the election and his term as vice president, Gore popularized the term ''[[Information Superhighway]]'', which became synonymous with the Internet, and he was involved in the creation of the [[National Information Infrastructure]].<ref name=hightech/> Gore first discussed his plans to emphasize information technology at [[UCLA]] on January 11, 1994, in a speech at [[The Superhighway Summit]]. On March 29, 1994, Gore made the inaugural keynote to a [[Georgetown University]] symposium on governmental reform{{efn |The annual Marver H. Bernstein Symposium on Governmental Reform was established by Georgetown University in memory of [[Marver Bernstein]], a professor at their School of Foreign Service, former president of [[Brandeis University]], expert on public administration and author of research on the role of the federal executive.}} with a lecture entitled, "The new job of the federal executive". Gore spoke on how technology was changing the nature of government, public administration, and management in general, noting that while in the past deep hierarchical structures were necessary to manage large organizations, technology was offering more accurate and streamlined access to information, thus facilitating flatter management structures.<ref>{{cite web |title=The new job of the federal executive (full text) |last=Gore |first=Al |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/speeches/032994sp.html |website=Govinfo.library.unt.edu |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803091407/https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/speeches/032994sp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The new job of the federal executive |last=Gore |first=Al |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62121842 |via=worldcat.org |oclc=62121842 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101091734/https://www.worldcat.org/title/marver-h-bernstein-symposium-on-governmental-reform-1994/oclc/62121842 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was involved in a number of projects including [[NetDay]] '96 and [[24 Hours in Cyberspace]]. The Clinton–Gore administration also launched the first official [[White House]] website in 1994 and subsequent versions through 2000.<ref name=firstweb>{{cite web|url=http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/archivesearch.html |title=White House Websites |access-date=August 12, 2008 |author=Clinton, William |publisher=[[William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park|William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521215338/http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/archivesearch.html |archive-date=May 21, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During 1993 and early 1994, Gore was tapped by the administration to advocate for the adoption of the [[Clipper Chip]], a technology developed by the [[National Security Agency]] designed to provide for law enforcement access to encrypted communications. After political and technical objections, the initiative was essentially dropped.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gore Shifts Stance on Chip Code |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/21/business/gore-shifts-stance-on-chip-code.html |date=July 21, 1994 |first=John |last=Markoff |work=The New York Times |pages=66, 72 |access-date=March 29, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903131618/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/21/business/gore-shifts-stance-on-chip-code.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{section link | Vice Presidency of Al Gore| Clipper Chip}}</ref><ref>{{section link | Al Gore and information technology| Gore and the Information Superhighway}}</ref>
[[File:Phoc96v1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|President [[Bill Clinton]] installing computer cables with Vice President Al Gore on [[NetDay]] at [[Ygnacio Valley High School]] in Concord, CA. March 9, 1996]]
Gore was also involved in environmental initiatives. He launched the [[GLOBE program]] on [[Earth Day]] '94, an education and science activity that, according to ''[[Forbes magazine|Forbes]]'', "made extensive use of the Internet to increase student awareness of their environment".<ref name=getsweb>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/09/21/gore-google-yahoo-face-cx_cn_0920autofacescan06.html|title=Gore Really Does Get The Web|series=Faces in the News|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Noon, Chris|date=September 21, 2006|work=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605131012/http://www.forbes.com/2006/09/21/gore-google-yahoo-face-cx_cn_0920autofacescan06.html|archive-date=June 5, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1998, Gore began promoting a [[NASA]] [[satellite]] ([[Deep Space Climate Observatory]]) that would provide a constant view of the Earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since ''[[The Blue Marble]]'' photo from the 1972 [[Apollo 17]] mission.<ref name=earthviewing>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/03/980317071006.htm|title=Earth-Viewing Satellite Would Focus On Educational, Scientific Benefits|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=March 17, 1998|work=Science Daily|archive-date=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605003305/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/03/980317071006.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, he also became associated with [[Digital Earth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isde5.org/history.htm |title=Digital Earth History |work=The 5th International Symposium on Digital Earth |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209225424/http://www.isde5.org/history.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2008 }}</ref>
Gore negotiated and strongly supported the [[Kyoto Protocol]] to reduce [[greenhouse gasses]], but said upon his return that the administration would not submit the treaty to the Senate for ratification until it was amended to include "meaningful participation by key developing nations",<ref>John M. Broder, [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/12/world/climate-accord-overview-clinton-adamant-3d-world-role-climate-accord.html "The Climate Accord: The Overview; Clinton Adamant On 3d World Role In Climate Accord"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717053332/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/12/world/climate-accord-overview-clinton-adamant-3d-world-role-climate-accord.html |date=July 17, 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', December 12, 1997.</ref><ref name=kyotospeech>{{cite web|url=http://www.algore.com/speeches/speeches_kyoto_120897.html|title=Remarks By Al Gore, Climate Change Conference, Kyoto, Japan|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Gore, Al|date=December 8, 1997|publisher=Gore/Lieberman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001207090900/http://www.algore.com/speeches/speeches_kyoto_120897.html|archive-date=December 7, 2000}}</ref><ref name=environinitiative>{{cite web|url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/initiatives/environment.html|title=Vice President Gore: strong environmental leadership for the new millennium|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Gore, Al|year=1997|work=The Vice President's Environment Initiatives|publisher=The Clinton White House|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528031451/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/initiatives/environment.html|archive-date=May 28, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Senate had previously passed unanimously (95–0) the [[Byrd–Hagel Resolution]] (S. Res. 98), which declared opposition to any greenhouse gas treaty which would limit US emissions without similar limits on third-world countries such as China.<ref name="senate.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=105&session=1&vote=00205|title=U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 105th Congress—1st Session:S.Res. 98|date=July 25, 1997|access-date=June 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528223551/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=105&session=1&vote=00205|archive-date=May 28, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Text of the Byrd–Hagel Resolution">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|title=Text of the Byrd–Hagel Resolution|date=July 25, 1997|access-date=June 29, 2010|publisher=NationalCenter.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626110143/http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|archive-date=June 26, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Clinton administration left office three years later without having submitted the treaty for ratification.
[[File:Bill Clinton & Al Gore sing national anthem at 1997 inauguration.JPG|thumb|Vice President Gore and President Clinton during the [[second inauguration of Bill Clinton]], January 20, 1997]]
In 1996, Gore became involved in a [[1996 United States campaign finance controversy|"Chinagate" campaign finance controversy]] over his attendance at an event at the [[Buddhist]] [[Hsi Lai Temple]] in [[Hacienda Heights, California]].<ref name="biosen" /> In an interview on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Today (NBC program)|Today]]'' the following year, Gore said, "I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake."<ref name="CNNtemple">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/01/24/gore.fundraiser/|title=Gore Admits Temple Fund-Raiser Was A 'Mistake'|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=January 24, 1997|work=AllPolitics|publisher=CNN|archive-date=January 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128141317/http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/01/24/gore.fundraiser/|url-status=live}}</ref> A U.S. Department of Justice investigation into the fund-raising activities had uncovered evidence that [[Chinese intelligence activity abroad|Chinese agents]] sought to direct contributions from foreign sources to the [[Democratic National Committee]] (DNC) before the [[1996 United States presidential election|1996 presidential campaign]]. The [[Embassy of China in Washington, D.C.|Chinese embassy]] in Washington, D.C. was used for coordinating contributions to the DNC.<ref>Woodward, Bob and Duffy, Brian, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm "Chinese Embassy Role In Contributions Probed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818052223/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm |date=August 18, 2018 }}, ''The Washington Post'', February 13, 1997</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=February 11, 1998|title=Findings Link Clinton Allies to Chinese Intelligence|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?destination=%2farchive%2fpolitics%2f1998%2f02%2f10%2ffindings-link-clinton-allies-to-chinese-intelligence%2f87265d5d-7452-41f2-ad2f-aa4abe7e579e%2f%3f|access-date=January 19, 2019|archive-date=June 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610181827/https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?destination=%2farchive%2fpolitics%2f1998%2f02%2f10%2ffindings-link-clinton-allies-to-chinese-intelligence%2f87265d5d-7452-41f2-ad2f-aa4abe7e579e%2f%3f|url-status=live}}</ref> FBI agents were denied the opportunity to ask President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore questions during Justice Department interviews in 1997 and 1998 and were only allowed to take notes.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/index/finance/ncfin363.htm "Justice's Clinton, Gore inquiry criticized"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040704194809/http://www.usatoday.com/news/index/finance/ncfin363.htm |date=July 4, 2004 }}, ''Associated Press'', December 16, 1999</ref> In March 1997, Gore had to explain phone calls which he made to solicit funds for Democratic Party for the 1996 election.<ref name="CNNcalls">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/03/02/gore/|title=Fund-Raising Questions Focus On Gore|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=March 2, 1997|work=AllPolitics|publisher=CNN|archive-date=May 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515133300/http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/03/02/gore/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a news conference, Gore stated that, "all calls that I made were charged to the Democratic National Committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law."<ref name="PBSmoney">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/white_house/march97/fund_3-6.html|title=The Money Trail|access-date=June 29, 2010|date=March 6, 1997|work=Online NewsHour|publisher=PBS|archive-date=September 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915120416/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/white_house/march97/fund_3-6.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phrase "no controlling legal authority" was criticized by columnist [[Charles Krauthammer]], who stated: "Whatever other legacies Al Gore leaves behind between now and retirement, he forever bequeaths this newest weasel word to the lexicon of American political corruption."<ref name="charlesk">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/op030797.htm|series=Opinion|title=Gore's Meltdown|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Krauthammer, Charles|author-link=Charles Krauthammer|date=March 7, 1997|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=April 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430172142/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/op030797.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Robert J. Conrad|Robert Conrad Jr.]] was the head of a Justice Department task force appointed by [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Janet Reno]] to investigate Gore's fund-raising controversies. In Spring 2000, Conrad asked Reno to appoint an [[independent counsel]] to continue the investigation. After looking into the matter, Reno judged that the appointment of an independent counsel was unwarranted.<ref name="lehrer1">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/jan-june00/gore_6-23.html|title=Fund-raising Investigation|format=Transcript|access-date=June 29, 2010|date=June 23, 2000|work=Online NewsHour|publisher=PBS|archive-date=October 12, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012130742/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/jan-june00/gore_6-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
During the 1990s, Gore spoke out on a number of issues. In a 1992 speech on the [[Gulf War]], Gore stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to [[Saddam Hussein]], citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations.<ref name=92speech2>{{cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?32824-1/clinton-campaign-event|title=Clinton Campaign Event|access-date=June 22, 2008|author=Gore, Al|date=September 29, 1992|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]|archive-date=May 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507235718/https://www.c-span.org/video/?32824-1%2Fclinton-campaign-event|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1998, at a conference of [[APEC]] hosted by [[Malaysia]], Gore objected to the indictment, arrest and jailing of Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]]'s longtime second-in-command [[Anwar Ibrahim]], a move which received a negative response from leaders there.<ref name=APEC>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-18-mn-44145-story.html|title=Gore Gets Scolding From APEC, Business Leaders|access-date=June 29, 2010|author=Drogin, Bob|date=November 18, 1998|work=collections|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201344/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/nov/18/news/mn-44145|url-status=live}}</ref> Ten years later, Gore again protested when Ibrahim was arrested a second time,<ref name=summons/> a decision condemned by Malaysian foreign minister Datuk Seri Dr [[Rais Yatim]].<ref name=summons>{{cite web|url=http://us3.malaysia-today.net/2008/content/view/11057/84/|title=US State Department summons Malaysian envoy|access-date=August 12, 2008|date=August 9, 2008|publisher=Malaysia Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812012634/http://us3.malaysia-today.net/2008/content/view/11057/84/|archive-date=August 12, 2008}}</ref>
[[File:ElectoralCollege1996.svg|thumb|270x270px|1996 electoral vote results. The Clinton-Gore ticket won 379–159.]]
In the 1996 presidential election, Clinton and Gore both ran for re-election for president and vice-president. They faced Republican Senate Majority Leader [[Bob Dole]], with his running mate, [[Jack Kemp]], a former member of House republican leadership and George H. W. Bush's secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Gore and Kemp debated once, in one of the lowest rated debates in history. Gore held his own against Kemp, and kept President Clinton's large lead against Dole stable. On November 5, 1996, Clinton and Gore were re-elected as president and vice-president with 379 electoral votes and an 8% margin of victory in the popular vote.
Soon afterward, Gore also had to contend with the [[Lewinsky scandal]], which involved an affair between President Clinton and a White House intern, [[Monica Lewinsky]]. Gore initially defended Clinton, whom he believed to be innocent, stating: "He is the president of the country! He is my friend ... I want to ask you now, every single one of you, to join me in supporting him."<ref name=biosen/> After [[Impeachment of Bill Clinton|Clinton was impeached]], Gore continued to defend him, stating: "I've defined my job in exactly the same way for six years now ... to do everything I can to help him be the best president possible."<ref name=biosen/><ref name="vanityfair.com"/><ref name="politico.com"/>
==Second presidential run (2000)==
{{Main|Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign}}
{{Further|2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2000 United States presidential election|2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida|Bush v. Gore|Al Gore and information technology}}
[[File:Algoreexecmanchester.jpg|thumb|upright|In [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], campaigning for President of the United States in 2000]]
During a speech that he gave on June 16, 1999, in [[Carthage, Tennessee]], Gore formally announced his candidacy for president. His major theme was the need to strengthen the American family.<ref name=announce2000>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/06/16/president.2000/gore/|title=Gore launches presidential campaign|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=June 16, 1999|publisher=CNN|archive-date=June 8, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608213315/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/06/16/president.2000/gore/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was introduced by his eldest daughter, [[Karenna Gore Schiff]].<ref name=announce2000/> In making the speech, Gore also distanced himself from Bill Clinton, who he stated had lied to him.<ref name=announce2000/> Gore was "briefly interrupted" by [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] protesters claiming Gore was working with the pharmaceutical industry to prevent access to generic medicines for poor nations and chanting "Gore's greed kills".<ref name=announce2000/> Additional speeches were also interrupted by the protesters. Gore responded: "I love this country. I love the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] ... Let me say in response to those who may have chosen an inappropriate way to make their point, that actually the crisis of AIDS in Africa is one that should command the attention of people in the United States and around the world." Gore also issued a statement saying that he supported efforts to lower the cost of the AIDS drugs, provided that they "are done in a way consistent with international agreements".<ref name=protestAIDS>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/gore061899.htm|title=AIDS Activists Badger Gore Again|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Babcock, Charles R.|author2=Connolly, Cici|date=June 18, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122721/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/gore061899.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=briefing>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/02/us/political-briefing-gore-is-followed-by-aids-protesters.html|title=Political Briefing; Gore Is Followed By AIDS Protesters|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Ayres, B. Drummond Jr.|date=July 2, 1999|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033513/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/02/us/political-briefing-gore-is-followed-by-aids-protesters.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
While Bill Clinton's job-approval ratings were around 60%, an April 1999 study by the [[Pew Research Center]] for the People found that respondents suffered from "Clinton fatigue" where they were "tired of all the problems associated with the Clinton administration" including the Lewinsky scandal and impeachment. Texas Governor and likely Republican presidential nominee [[George W. Bush]] was leading Gore 54% to 41% in polls during that time. Gore's advisers believed that the "Lewinsky scandal and Bill's past womanizing...alienated independent voters—especially the [[soccer mom]]s, who stood for [[Social conservatism|traditional values]]". Consequently, Gore's presidential campaign "veered too far in differentiating himself from Bill and his record and had difficulty taking advantage of the Clinton administration's legitimate successes". In addition, Hillary's candidacy for the open Senate seat in New York exacerbated the "three-way tensions evident in the White House since 1993", as "not only was Hillary unavailable as a campaigner, she was poaching top Democratic fund-raisers and donors who would normally concentrate on the vice president". In one instance "Hillary insisted on being invited [to a Los Angeles fundraiser for the vice president]—over the objections of the event's organizers", where the First Lady "shocked the vice president's supporters by soliciting donations for herself in front of Tipper".<ref name="vanityfair.com"/>
Gore faced an early challenge by former New Jersey senator [[Bill Bradley]].<ref name=announce2000/> Bradley was the only candidate to oppose Gore and was considered a "fresh face" for the White House.<ref name=boyhoodhome>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/09/08/president.2000/bradley/|title=Bradley returns to boyhood home to launch fall campaign|access-date=July 5, 2010|date=September 8, 1999|work=AllPolitics|publisher=CNN|archive-date=May 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004348/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/09/08/president.2000/bradley/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=polls99>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/us/republicans-express-a-joint-fear-of-bradley-not-gore.html|title=Republicans Express a Joint Fear: Of Bradley, Not Gore|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Berke, Richard|date=September 19, 1999|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033731/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/us/republicans-express-a-joint-fear-of-bradley-not-gore.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore challenged Bradley to a series of debates which took the form of "town hall" meetings.<ref name=townhall>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/20/us/bradley-accepts-gore-s-offer-and-7-debates-will-be-held.html|title=Bradley Accepts Gore's Offer, And 7 Debates Will Be Held|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Dao, James|date=October 20, 1999|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033840/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/20/us/bradley-accepts-gore-s-offer-and-7-debates-will-be-held.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore went on the offensive during these debates leading to a drop in the polls for Bradley.<ref name=swing>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/iowa101099.htm|title=Gore Takes Another Swing at Bradley|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Balz, Dan|author2=Connolly, Ceci|date=October 10, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122716/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/wh2000/stories/iowa101099.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=clock>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/e1326.htm|title=Little time left on Bradley clock|access-date=June 30, 2010|last=Benedetto|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Benedetto|date=March 8, 2000|series=Opinion|work=USA Today|archive-date=May 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515152409/http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/e1326.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Iowa caucus the unions pledged their support to Gore, despite Bradley spending heavily in that state, and Bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat there. Gore went on to capture the New Hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for Bradley. Gore then swept all of the primaries on Super Tuesday while Bradley finished a distant second in each state. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed Gore. Gore eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in March 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the Internet, the Arizona Presidential Primary.<ref name=arizona>{{cite news|url=http://graphics.boston.com/news/politics/campaign2000/news/Gore_rolls_up_delegates_in_Michigan_Minnesota_Arizona.shtml|title=Gore rolls up delegates in Michigan, Minnesota, Arizona|author=Thomsen, Scott|agency=Associated Press|date=March 12, 2000|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-date=December 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206035052/http://graphics.boston.com/news/politics/campaign2000/news/Gore_rolls_up_delegates_in_Michigan_Minnesota_Arizona.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> By then, he secured the Democratic nomination.<ref name=dropout>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2000/3/10/bradley-mccain-drop-out-of-race/|title=Bradley, McCain Drop Out of Race|author=Colby, Edward B.|date=March 10, 2000|work=[[Harvard Crimson]]|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-date=May 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510235850/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2000/3/10/bradley-mccain-drop-out-of-race/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, Al Gore remains the only presidential candidate in American history who was not the incumbent president to win every single contest in his or her party primary.
[[File:Gore Lieberman 2000 logo.svg|thumb|The logo for Gore and [[Joe Lieberman]]'s campaign]]
On August 13, 2000, Gore announced that he had selected Senator [[Joe Lieberman]] of Connecticut as his vice presidential running mate. Lieberman became "the first person of the [[Judaism|Jewish faith]] to run for the nation's second-highest office". Many pundits saw Gore's choice of Lieberman as further distancing him from the scandals of the Clinton White House.<ref name=chooses>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-lieberman-make-tolerance-centerpiece.html|title=The 2000 campaign: The Vice President; Gore and Lieberman Make Tolerance the Centerpiece|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Sack, Kevin|date=August 9, 2000|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033721/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-lieberman-make-tolerance-centerpiece.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore's daughter, Karenna, together with her father's former Harvard roommate [[Tommy Lee Jones]],<ref name=speak>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0008/16/se.03.html|title=Joe Lieberman, Karenna Gore Schiff Speak to the Democratic National Convention|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=August 16, 2000|work=Transcript|publisher=CNN|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213248/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0008/16/se.03.html|url-status=live}}</ref> officially nominated Gore as the Democratic presidential candidate during the [[2000 Democratic National Convention]] in Los Angeles, California.<ref name=nominate>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/16/convention.wrap.02/index.html|title=Democrats nominate Gore for presidency|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->
|date=August 17, 2000|publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228090402/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/16/convention.wrap.02/index.html |archive-date=February 28, 2007}}</ref> Gore accepted his party's nomination and spoke about the major themes of his campaign, stating in particular his plan to extend [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] to pay for [[prescription drugs]] and to work for a sensible [[Universal health care|universal health-care]] system.<ref name=nominate/> Soon after the convention, Gore hit the campaign trail with running mate [[Joe Lieberman]]. Gore and Bush were deadlocked in the polls.<ref name=kickoff>{{cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/04/campaign.wrap/index.html|title=Bush, Gore kick off fall campaign season with appeal to working families|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Ferullo, Mike|date=September 4, 2000|publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829193532/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/04/campaign.wrap/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref> They participated in three televised debates. While both sides claimed victory after each, Gore was critiqued as either too stiff, too reticent, or too aggressive in contrast to Bush.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/16/rothenberg.column/index.html|title=Stuart Rothenberg: Gore, Bush hope third debate is the charm|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Rothenberg, Stuart|date=October 16, 2000|publisher=CNN|archive-date=October 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030150152/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/16/rothenberg.column/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=eludes>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/18/novak.column/index.html|title=Robert Novak: Big win eludes Gore in final presidential debate|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Novak, Robert|date=October 18, 2000|publisher=CNN|archive-date=October 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030150407/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/10/18/novak.column/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Inventing the internet===
There was talk of a potential run in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential race]] by Gore as early as January 1998.<ref name=wings>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/clinton_scandal/51093.stm|title=Al Gore: Waiting in the wings|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=January 27, 1998|work=Clinton: Under Investigation|publisher=BBC|archive-date=September 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930154823/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/clinton_scandal/51093.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore discussed the possibility of running during a March 9, 1999, interview with CNN's ''[[Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer]]''. In response to [[Wolf Blitzer]]'s question: "Why should Democrats, looking at the Democratic nomination process, support you instead of [[Bill Bradley]]", Gore responded:
{{blockquote|I'll be offering my vision when my campaign begins. And it will be comprehensive and sweeping. And I hope that it will be compelling enough to draw people toward it. I feel that it will be. But it will emerge from my dialogue with the American people. I've traveled to every part of this country during the last six years. During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in creating the Internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system.<ref name=99interview>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/09/president.2000/transcript.gore/|title=Transcript: Vice President Gore on CNN's 'Late Edition'|publisher=CNN|date=March 9, 1999|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726095336/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/09/president.2000/transcript.gore/|archive-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{anchor|I invented the Internet}}
Former UCLA professor of [[information studies]] [[Philip E. Agre]] and journalist [[Eric Boehlert]] argued that three articles in ''[[Wired News]]'' led to the creation of the widely spread [[urban legend]] that Gore claimed to have "invented the Internet", which followed this interview.<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip |last=Agre |url=http://commons.somewhere.com/rre/2000/RRE.Al.Gore.and.the.Inte1.html|title=Who Invented 'Invented'? Tracing the Real Story of the 'Al Gore Invented the Internet' Hoax |publisher=UCSD |date=October 17, 2000 |access-date=August 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603092645/http://commons.somewhere.com/rre/2000/RRE.Al.Gore.and.the.Inte1.html|archive-date=June 3, 2004}}</ref><ref name=saloninternet>{{cite web|url=http://archive.salon.com/tech/col/rose/2000/10/05/gore_internet/print.html |title=Did Gore invent the Internet? |access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=Rosenberg, Scott |date=October 5, 2000 |work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724051106/http://archive.salon.com/tech/col/rose/2000/10/05/gore_internet/print.html |archive-date=July 24, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Boehlert|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-boehlert/wired-owes-al-gore-an-apo_b_19980.html|title=Wired Owes Al Gore an Apology|work=Huffington Post|date=April 28, 2006|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-date=July 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714222554/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-boehlert/wired-owes-al-gore-an-apo_b_19980.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/quotes/internet.asp|title=Internet of Lies|date=March 12, 2014|publisher=[[Snopes.com]]|access-date=January 16, 2008|archive-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614013237/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/internet-of-lies/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, computer professionals and congressional colleagues argued in his defense. Internet pioneers [[Vint Cerf]] and [[Bob Kahn]] stated that "we don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he 'invented' the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet."<ref name=cerfkahn>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/10/02/net_builders_kahn_cerf_recognise/|title=Al Gore and the Internet|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Kahn, Robert|author2=Cerf, Vinton|date=October 2, 2000|work=The Register|archive-date=September 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919035821/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/10/02/net_builders_kahn_cerf_recognise/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=saloninternet/> Cerf would later state: "Al Gore had seen what happened with the [[Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956|National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956]], which his father introduced as a military bill. It was very powerful. Housing went up, suburban boom happened, everybody became mobile. Al was attuned to the power of networking much more than any of his elective colleagues. His initiatives led directly to the commercialization of the Internet. So he really does deserve credit."<ref name=cerfsecond>{{cite web|url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/vint-cerf-0508?click=pp|title=What I've Learned: Vint Cerf, Creator of the Internet, 64, McLean, Virginia|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Fussman, Cal|date=April 24, 2008|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|archive-date=September 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918194907/http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/vint-cerf-0508?click=pp|url-status=live}}</ref> In a speech to the American Political Science Association, former Republican [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] [[Newt Gingrich]] also stated: "In all fairness, it's something Gore had worked on a long time. Gore is not the Father of the Internet, but in all fairness, Gore is the person who, in the Congress, most systematically worked to make sure that we got to an Internet, and the truth is—and I worked with him starting in 1978 when I got [to Congress], we were both part of a "futures group"—the fact is, in the Clinton administration, the world we had talked about in the '80s began to actually happen."<ref>''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'': [http://blogs.ajc.com/business-beat/2012/04/24/gore-in-internet-hall-of-fame/ Al Gore in 'Internet Hall of Fame'.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701133117/http://blogs.ajc.com/business-beat/2012/04/24/gore-in-internet-hall-of-fame/ |date=July 1, 2012 }} April 24, 2012.</ref> Finally, Wolf Blitzer (who conducted the original 1999 interview) stated in 2008 that: "I didn't ask him about the Internet. I asked him about the differences he had with Bill Bradley ... Honestly, at the time, when he said it, it didn't dawn on me that this was going to have the impact that it wound up having, because it was distorted to a certain degree and people said they took what he said, which was a carefully phrased comment about taking the initiative and creating the Internet to—I invented the Internet. And that was the sort of shorthand, the way his enemies projected it and it wound up being a devastating setback to him and it hurt him, as I'm sure he acknowledges to this very day."<ref name=blitzer>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/06/le.01.html|title=CNN Late edition with Wolf Blitzer: 10th Anniversary Special|format=Transcript|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=July 6, 2008|publisher=CNN|archive-date=May 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522042712/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/06/le.01.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Gore himself would later poke fun at the controversy. In 2000, while on the ''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]'' he read ''[[Top 10 list (David Letterman)|Letterman's Top 10 List]]'' (which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore – [[Joe Lieberman|Lieberman]] Campaign Slogans") to the audience. Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gore-does-dave/|title=Gore Does Dave|work=CBS News|date=September 14, 2000|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-date=May 3, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503042047/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/09/14/politics/main233560.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, when Gore was awarded the ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' "for three decades of contributions to the Internet" at the ''[[List of Webby Award winners#2005|Webby Awards]],''<ref name=usatoday>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-05-04-gore-webby_x.htm|title=Webby Awards not laughing at Gore's contribution to Net Former Vice President of the United States|access-date=June 30, 2010|agency=Associated Press|date=May 5, 2005|work=USA Today|archive-date=May 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515152347/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-05-04-gore-webby_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nyt>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/arts/08webb.html|title=Accepting a Webby? Brevity, Please|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Carr, David|date=June 8, 2005|work=Arts|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033608/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/arts/08webb.html|url-status=live}}</ref> he joked in his acceptance speech (limited to five words according to ''Webby Awards'' rules): "Please don't recount this vote." He was introduced by Vint Cerf who used the same format to joke: "We all invented the Internet." Gore, who was then asked to add a few more words to his speech, stated: "It is time to reinvent the Internet for all of us to make it more robust and much more accessible and use it to reinvigorate our democracy."<ref name=nyt/>
===Recount===
On election night, news networks first called Florida for Gore, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well.<ref name=pbs2000night>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/media/election2000/election_night.html|title=Election Night: A Media Watch Special Report|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=November 7, 2000|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731000517/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/media/election2000/election_night.html|archive-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Florida's [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Secretary of State, [[Katherine Harris]], eventually certified Florida's vote count.<ref name=CNN2000>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/26/presidential.election/index.html|title=Bush begins transition, urges Gore not to contest|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=November 26, 2000|publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302031248/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/26/presidential.election/index.html |archive-date=March 2, 2007}}</ref> This led to the [[Florida election recount]], a move to further examine the [[2000 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida results]].<ref name=CNN2000recount>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/27/gore.transcript/index.html|title=Transcript: Gore remarks on Florida vote certification|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=November 27, 2000|work=Transcript|publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829191634/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/27/gore.transcript/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>
The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later on December 12 by the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]]. In the ruling, ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'', the Justices held, by a 7–2 vote, that the standards the [[Florida Supreme Court]] provided for a recount were unconstitutional due to violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the [[Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]], and further ruled 5–4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline. That ended recounts underway in selected Florida counties, resulting in George W. Bush with a 537<ref>[http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/2000presgeresults.htm Official Results] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912083944/http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/2000presgeresults.htm |date=September 12, 2012 }}, Federal Election Commission, updated December 2001.</ref> vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 25 [[electoral votes]], thus the presidency.<ref name="Cornell-BushvGore">{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html|title=George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al., 531 U.S. 98 (2000)|access-date=June 26, 2010|author=Supreme Court of the US|date=December 12, 2000|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|archive-date=October 15, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015060335/https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-949.ZPC.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The results of the decision led to Gore winning the [[Direct election|popular vote]] by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes to Bush's 271 (one [[District of Columbia]] elector abstained).<ref name=2000time>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,87749,00.html|title=It's a Mess, But We've Been Through It Before|access-date=August 15, 2013|author=Arthur Schlesinger Jr.|date=September 6, 2006|magazine=Time|archive-date=December 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220220225/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,87749,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 13, 2000, Gore conceded the election.<ref name=cnnconcede>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/12/13/gore.ends.campaign/index.html |title=Gore concedes presidential election |access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=<!--Not stated-->|date=December 13, 2000 |work=AllPolitics |publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706220233/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/12/13/gore.ends.campaign/index.html |archive-date=July 6, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gore strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but in his concession speech stated that, "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession."<ref name=cnnconcedespeech>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/transcripts/121300/t651213.html|title=Vice President Al Gore delivers remarks|access-date=July 18, 2008|author=Gore, Al|date=December 13, 2000|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315202134/http://edition.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/transcripts/121300/t651213.html|archive-date=March 15, 2007}}</ref>
==Post-vice presidency (2001–present)==
[[File:Vice President Al Gore.jpg|thumb|upright|Gore in 2000]]
Bill Clinton and Gore had maintained an informal public distance for eight years, but they reunited for the media in August 2009.  Clinton had arranged for the release of two female journalists who were being [[2009 imprisonment of American journalists by North Korea|held hostage in North Korea]]. The women were employees of Gore's [[Current TV]].<ref name=nytagain>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/06/us/politics/06gore.html|title=Clinton and Gore, Together Again|access-date=June 30, 2009|author=Nagourney, Adam|author-link=Adam Nagourney|date=August 5, 2009|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033434/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/06/us/politics/06gore.html |archive-date=May 13, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, he was included as a member of the Indian Government committee to coordinate year long celebrations of Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary from October 2, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/gandhis-birth-anniversary-to-mark-indias-resolve-for-just-society-kovind-3032267/|title=Gandhi's Birth Anniversary To Mark India's Resolve For Just Society: Kovind|date=May 2, 2018|website=india|access-date=May 6, 2018|archive-date=May 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507004923/http://www.india.com/news/india/gandhis-birth-anniversary-to-mark-indias-resolve-for-just-society-kovind-3032267/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Criticism of Bush===
While Gore has criticized Bush for his Katrina response, he has not spoken publicly about his part in the evacuation of 270 patients on September 3 & 4, 2005, from Charity Hospital in New Orleans to Tennessee. On September 1, Gore was contacted by Charity Hospital's Neurosurgeon Dr. David Kline, who had operated on his son Albert, through Greg Simon of [[FasterCures]]. Kline informed Gore and Simon of the desperate conditions at the hospital and asked Gore and Simon to arrange relief. On Gore's personal financial commitment, two airlines each provided a plane with one flight later underwritten by [[Larry Flax]]. The flights were flown by volunteer airline crews and medically staffed by Gore's cousin, retired Col. Dar LaFon, and family physician Dr. Anderson Spickard and were accompanied by Gore and Albert III. Gore used his political influence to expedite landing rights in New Orleans.<ref name=airlift /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleforchange.net/index.php?showtopic=26477 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302155144/http://www.peopleforchange.net/index.php?showtopic=26477 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 2, 2013 |title=Gore at NOLA: – People For Change Forums |publisher=Peopleforchange.net |access-date=February 23, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DUers Katrina Research Thread|url=http://hurricanearchive.org/content/vault/democraticundergroundforum_1858d40867.txt|date=August 10, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810125641/http://hurricanearchive.org/content/vault/democraticundergroundforum_1858d40867.txt|archive-date=August 10, 2012}}</ref>
===Presidential run speculation===
[[File:Al Gore - Ohhh, you aren't going to get me on this one.jpg|thumb|In 2008, [[Chris Anderson (TED)|Chris Anderson]] asked: "Will you run again?"<br>Gore replied, "Ohh, you aren't going to get me on this one!"]]
People were speculating that Gore would be a candidate for the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]] (a bumper sticker, "Re-elect Gore in 2004!" was popular).<ref name=bumpertsticker>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/19/opinion/calling-the-great-mentioner.html|title=Calling the Great Mentioner|access-date=September 19, 2013|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 2000|archive-date=September 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061757/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/19/opinion/calling-the-great-mentioner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 16, 2002, however, Gore announced that he would not run in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/15/gore/|title=Gore Says He Won't Run in 2004|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=December 16, 2002|publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821180841/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/15/gore/ |archive-date=August 21, 2013}}</ref> While Gore seriously considered challenging Bush in 2004, the [[September 11 attacks]] and the subsequent stratospheric rise in [[Public image of George W. Bush#Domestic perception of Bush|President Bush's popularity]] as a result of his response to these attacks were strong factors in Gore's December 2002 decision not to run again in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nymag.com/news/features/al-gore-2013-5/ |title=Al Gore's Golden Years |newspaper=New York Magazine |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221004641/https://nymag.com/news/features/al-gore-2013-5/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite Gore taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to [[political draft|draft]] him into running. The draft movement, however, failed to convince Gore to run.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20030331/ai_n14545655 |title=Oaklander leads effort to draft Gore in '04 |access-date=July 18, 2008 |author=Richman, Josh |date=March 31, 2003 |work=[[Oakland Tribune]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808013425/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20030331/ai_n14545655 |archive-date=August 8, 2013 }}</ref>
The prospect of a Gore candidacy arose again between 2006 and early 2008 in light of the upcoming [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]]. Although Gore frequently stated that he had "no plans to run", he did not reject the possibility of future involvement in politics which led to speculation that he might run.<ref name="nytimes-door">{{cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/10/gore-leaves-door-open/|title=Gore Leaves the Door Open|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Alexovich, Ariel|date=December 10, 2007|work=The New York Times|archive-date=July 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712062152/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/10/gore-leaves-door-open/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=newsweekrunning>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2007/12/12/why-isn-t-gore-running.html|title=Why Isn't Gore Running?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Hirsh, Michael|date=December 13, 2007|work=Newsweek|archive-date=October 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026063508/http://www.newsweek.com/2007/12/12/why-isn-t-gore-running.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=timetemp>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,20070528,00.html |title=The Last Temptation Of Al Gore |access-date=June 30, 2010 |date=May 28, 2007 |work=Cover |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623070948/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0%2C16641%2C20070528%2C00.html |archive-date=June 23, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was due in part to his increased popularity after the release of the 2006 documentary, ''An Inconvenient Truth''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-21-gore-comeback_x.htm|title=Al Gore's coming back—but how far?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Breznican, Anthony|author2=Nichols, Bill|date=May 21, 2006|work=USA Today|archive-date=November 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117065939/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-21-gore-comeback_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The director of the film, [[Davis Guggenheim]], stated that after the release of the film, "Everywhere I go with him, they treat him like a rock star."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/24/AR2007022401586_pf.html|title=Al Gore, Rock Star: Oscar Hopeful May Be America's Coolest Ex-Vice President Ever|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Booth, William|date=February 25, 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=October 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006063305/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/24/AR2007022401586_pf.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After ''An Inconvenient Truth'' was nominated for an [[Academy Award]], [[Donna Brazile]] (Gore's campaign chairwoman from his 2000 campaign) speculated that Gore might announce a possible presidential candidacy during the Oscars.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/02/2008-democrats-in-town/|title=2008: Democrats in Town|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Wheaton, Sarah|date=February 2, 2007|work=The Caucus|archive-date=May 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520150539/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/02/2008-democrats-in-town/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[79th Academy Awards]] ceremony, Gore and actor [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] shared the stage to speak about the "[[greening]]" of the ceremony itself. Gore began to give a speech that appeared to be leading up to an announcement that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying that it was a rehearsed gag, which he later acknowledged.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6401865.stm|title=Washington diary: Al meets Oscar|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Frei, Matt|date=February 28, 2007|work=BBC News|archive-date=March 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327014029/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6401865.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=voaoscar>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=2903909|title=Will Al's Oscar Bounce Put Him in the Race?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Malone, Jim|date=February 26, 2007|agency=Associated Press|work=ABC News|archive-date=August 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815082915/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=2903909|url-status=live}}</ref> After ''An Inconvenient Truth'' won the [[Academy Award for Documentary Feature#2000s|Academy Award for Best Documentary]], speculation increased about a possible presidential run.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gores-oscar-success-fuels-08-speculation/|title=Gore's Oscar Success Fuels '08 Speculation|first=Mike|last=Allen|publisher=CBS News|date=February 26, 2007|work=Politico|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223509/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/26/politics/main2517329.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore's popularity was indicated in polls which showed that even without running, he was coming in second or third among possible Democratic candidates [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Barack Obama]], and [[John Edwards]].<ref name=guardpoll>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/29/uselections2008.simontisdall|title=Poll of Democrats reveals Gore could still steal the show|access-date=August 15, 2013|author=Tisdall, Simon|date=June 29, 2007|work=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=August 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831135734/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/29/uselections2008.simontisdall|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Grassroots]] [[Political draft|draft]] campaigns also developed with the hope that they could encourage Gore to run.<ref name=lack>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/11/us/politics/11gore.html|title=Gore Supporters' Movement Lacks a Candidate|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Rutenberg, Jim|author-link=Jim Rutenberg|date=October 11, 2007|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033717/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/11/us/politics/11gore.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algore.org/|title=AlGore.org home page|access-date=June 30, 2010|publisher=AlGore.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922034523/http://algore.org/|archive-date=September 22, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.draftgore.com/ |title=Al Gore President 2008 |access-date=June 30, 2010 |publisher=DraftGore.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704140825/http://www.draftgore.com/ |archive-date=July 4, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gore, however, remained firm in his decision and declined to run for the presidency.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/04/the-draft-gore-movement-sidelined/|title=The 'Draft Gore' Movement, Sidelined|access-date=June 30, 2010|series=City Room|author=Kilgannon, Corey|date=December 4, 2007|work=The New York Times|archive-date=July 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727191746/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/04/the-draft-gore-movement-sidelined/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Interest in having Gore run for the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]] arose in 2014 and again in 2015, although he did not declare any intention to do so.<ref name="buzz">{{cite web
|url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/mark-halperin-talks-up-al-gore-2016
|title=Mark Halperin Is Dead Serious About Al Gore In 2016 (VIDEO)
|last=Thompson
|first=Catherine
|date=July 3, 2014
|publisher=[[Talking Points Memo]]
|access-date=August 10, 2014
|archive-date=August 7, 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807182327/http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/mark-halperin-talks-up-al-gore-2016
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name="issue">{{cite web
|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/07/19/al_gore_is_the_single_issue_candidate_we_need/
|title=Al Gore is the single-issue candidate we need
|last=Rozsa
|first=Matthew
|date=July 19, 2014
|work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]
|access-date=August 10, 2014
|archive-date=July 28, 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728093711/http://www.salon.com/2014/07/19/al_gore_is_the_single_issue_candidate_we_need/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
===Involvement in presidential campaigns===
[[File:Al Gore DNC 2008 (cropped3).jpg|thumb|Gore speaks during the final day of the [[2008 Democratic National Convention]] in [[Denver]], Colorado.]]
After announcing he would not run in the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 U.S. presidential election]], Gore endorsed [[Governor of Vermont|Vermont governor]] [[Howard Dean]] in December 2003, weeks before the first primary of the election cycle.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/09/elec04.prez.gore.dean|title=Al Gore endorses Howard Dean|access-date=July 5, 2010|author=King, John|author2=Wallace, Kelly|date=December 10, 2003|publisher=CNN|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326065027/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/09/elec04.prez.gore.dean/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was criticized for this endorsement by eight Democratic contenders particularly since he did not endorse his former running mate Joe Lieberman (Gore preferred Dean over Lieberman because Lieberman supported the [[Iraq War]] and Gore did not).<ref name=aim/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/09/elec04.prez.debate.ap/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031211094625/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/09/elec04.prez.debate.ap/index.html|archive-date=December 11, 2003|title=Gore's endorsement stirs debate
|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=December 10, 2003|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name=look>{{cite web
|url=http://www.observer.com/2008/look-whos-back-its-gore-and-lieberman-08
|title=Look Who's Back: It's Gore and Lieberman in '08
|access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=Kornacki, Steve
|date=June 20, 2008 |work=The New York Observer
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511224245/http://www.observer.com/2008/look-whos-back-its-gore-and-lieberman-08
|archive-date=May 11, 2011 }}</ref> Dean's campaign soon became a target of attacks and eventually failed, with Gore's early endorsement being credited as a factor. In ''The New York Times'', Dean stated: "I actually do think the endorsement of Al Gore began the decline." The ''Times'' further noted that "Dean instantly amplified his statement to indicate that the endorsement from Mr. Gore, a powerhouse of the establishment, so threatened the other Democratic candidates that they began the attacks on his candidacy that helped derail it."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/politics/campaign/08GORE.html|title=Endorsement From Gore Became a Dubious Prize|access-date=July 5, 2010|author=Bumiller, Elisabeth|date=February 8, 2004|work=Political Memo|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033738/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/politics/campaign/08GORE.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dean's former campaign manager, [[Joe Trippi]], also stated that after Gore's endorsement of Dean, "alarm bells went off in every newsroom in the country, in every other campaign in the country", indicating that if something did not change, Dean would be the nominee.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2004/02/62225 |title=Trippi: Net Politics Here to Stay |access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=Shachtman, Noah |date=February 10, 2004 |magazine=Wired |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910113311/http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2004/02/62225 |archive-date=September 10, 2010 }}</ref> Later, in March 2004, Gore endorsed [[John Kerry]] and gave Kerry $6&nbsp;million in funds left over from his own unsuccessful 2000 bid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/29/politics/campaign/29GORE.html|title=Gore Giving Leftover Cash of $6 Million to Back Kerry|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Justice, Glen|author2=Seelye, Katharine Q.|date=April 29, 2004|work=The New York Times|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033657/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/29/politics/campaign/29GORE.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore also opened the [[2004 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2004/demconvention/speeches/gore.html|title=Vice President Al Gore at the 2004 Democratic National Convention|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=July 26, 2004|work=Online NewsHour|last=Gore|first=Al|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|archive-date=October 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030021258/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2004/demconvention/speeches/gore.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 primaries]], Gore remained neutral toward all of the candidates<ref name=undecided>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL2077281320080520|title=Gore says undecided on U.S. candidate endorsement|access-date=June 30, 2010|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Heller|first2=Avida|last2=Landu|date=May 20, 2008|work=Reuters|archive-date=March 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327012855/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL2077281320080520|url-status=live}}</ref> which led to speculation that he would come out of a brokered 2008 Democratic National Convention as a "compromise candidate" if the party decided it could not nominate one.<ref name=answer>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1725678,00.html |title=Is Al Gore the Answer? |access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=Klein, Joe |date=March 26, 2008 |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708062935/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0%2C8599%2C1725678%2C00.html |archive-date=July 8, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=rescue>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/2008/02/15/al-gore-to-the-rescue.html|title=Al Gore to the Rescue?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Clift, Eleanor|date=February 15, 2008|work=Newsweek|archive-date=October 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027063846/http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/2008/02/15/al-gore-to-the-rescue.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore responded by stating that these events would not take place because a candidate would be nominated through the primary process.<ref name=sixtymin>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/al-gores-new-campaign/|title=Al Gore's New Campaign|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=March 30, 2008|work=60 Minutes|publisher=CBS News|archive-date=November 14, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114060444/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/03/27/60minutes/main3974389.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=npr>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90190092|title=Al Gore: 'Assault on Reason' Endangers Democracy|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=May 6, 2008|work=Excerpt|publisher=NPR|archive-date=January 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127025507/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90190092|url-status=live}}</ref> Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] had urged Gore to endorse Senator [[Barack Obama]], though Gore declined.<ref name="politico.com"/> When Obama became the presumptive Democratic nominee for president on June 3, 2008, speculation began that Gore might be tapped for the vice presidency.<ref name=vpyahoo>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/thenation/20080605/cm_thenation/45327143|title=Al Gore for Vice President?|access-date=June 16, 2008|date=June 5, 2008|publisher=Yahoo News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608204153/http://news.yahoo.com/s/thenation/20080605/cm_thenation/45327143|archive-date=June 8, 2008}}</ref><ref name=globe>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/06/gore_for_vp_aga.html|title=Gore for VP, again?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Rhee, Foon|date=June 11, 2008|work=Political Intelligence|archive-date=May 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512051311/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/06/gore_for_vp_aga.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 16, 2008, one week after Hillary Clinton had suspended her campaign, Gore endorsed Obama in a speech given in Detroit, Michigan<ref name=videospeech>{{cite web|url=http://blog.algore.com/2008/06/monday_night.html |title=Al's Journal: Monday Night |access-date=June 30, 2010 |date=June 18, 2008 |publisher=AlGore.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822030832/http://blog.algore.com/2008/06/monday_night.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=transcript>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700697_pf.html|title=Former Vice President Al Gore Endorses Sen. Obama|access-date=June 30, 2010|format=Transcript|date=June 17, 2008|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=November 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108234148/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700697_pf.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=algoresite>{{cite web|url=http://blog.algore.com/2008/06/my_endorsement.html |title=Al's Journal: My Endorsement |date=June 16, 2008 |author=Gore, Al |access-date=June 30, 2010 |publisher=AlGore.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617102014/http://blog.algore.com///2008///06///my_endorsement.html |archive-date=June 17, 2008 }}</ref> which renewed speculation of an Obama-Gore ticket.<ref name=ticket>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/us-election-2008/gore-backing-for-obama-revives-joint-ticket-talk-20080617-2s5w.html?page=-1|title=Gore backing for Obama revives joint ticket talk|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Kornblut, Anne|date=June 17, 2008|publisher=The Age (Australia)|location=Melbourne|archive-date=June 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626121859/https://mb.moatads.com/yi/v2?ol=0&qn=%604%7BZEYwoqI%24%5BK%2BdLLU)%2CMm~tB%23a.%5BMhS%3A15.sn_003etW6~P6Jn)s)wC%24GL3jX%7BQqDOJ%3Eoy)G3p%2FhFjrR8whh%2B%7D%407%25w_2C%3FP%3ElK%3DbH%2FH%40%26%2Bc%5B5IUOG(%2CWV%7BGrV~1HmDkP8D4rUDtmxT%3Bwv%40V374BKm55%3D%261fp%5BoU5tWhX%3C%3Ce%24%26~1%3Axkr%5BUe31k5X%5BG%5E%5B)%2C2iVSX%3C_Y%7B!7IQ3HbmUZzCFm%5Du!x2l.uBlTVU%2F.%3Dh%3FtDJq%409BG&tf=1_nMzjG---CSa7H-1SJH-bW7qhB-LRwqH-nMzjG-&vi=111111&rb=2-zKeP6LDFBj3g4YpW6R34RpvnDsHp3lN2bOIaW7S4UrVRTx6jqrPrFzc%3D&rs=1-vH5B1BJzs6uFgA%3D%3D&sc=1&os=1-uQ%3D%3D&qp=10000&is=BBBBB2BBEYBvGl2BBCBBtUTBBRmsqbKW8BsrBu0rCFE48CRBeeBS2hWTMBBQeQBBn2soYggyUig0CBlWZ0uBBCCCCCCOgRBBiOfnE6Bkg7OxBb8MxOtJYHCBdm5kBhBBC9Y8oBXckXBR76iUUsJBCBBBBBBBBBWBSqj3BBBZeGV2BBBCMciUBBBjgEBBBBBB94UMgTdJMtEcpMBBBQBBBniOccBBBBBB47kNwxBbBBBBBBBBBhcjG6BBJM2L4Bk8BwCBQmIoRBBCzBz1BBCTClBBrbGBC4ehueB57NG9aJeRzBqEKiuwBBBB&iv=8&qt=0&gz=0&hh=0&hn=0&tw=&qc=10&qd=10&qf=1100&qe=784&qh=1100&qg=900&qm=0&qa=1600&qb=1000&qi=1600&qj=1000&to=000&po=1-0020002000002120&vy=ot%24b%5Bh%40%22oDgO%3DLlE6%3AYnIBMwqCf%5D)4%5Dz%2C%5B%26u9L%2F%2F%24b4%5DIAIbzbld%7Dt00%7Ca_BB%3FVxyEO%22zf4%5D%24cr16Zh5YigBghs%7ClTr1W*d%5B4kf%2FLyUoRdByZ%3C99Ks(I%7DY(T0c%7BDQ3MY.NjDby7p%26C&qr=0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fworld%2Fnorth-america%2Fgore-backing-for-obama-revives-joint-ticket-talk-20080617-2s5w.html%3Fpage%3D-1&pcode=fairfaxheader492510264302&rx=586928277916&callback=MoatNadoAllJsonpRequest_90236747|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore stated, however, that he was not interested in being vice president again.<ref name="july, 17cbs">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/07/17/eveningnews/main4270123_page2.shtml|title=Al Gore: Energy Crisis Can Be Fixed (transcript)|access-date=July 30, 2010|author=Couric, Katie|date=July 17, 2008|publisher=CBS|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511223456/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/07/17/eveningnews/main4270123_page2.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="july, 18CNN">{{cite news
|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/18/no-obama-gore-ticket/|title=No Obama-Gore ticket|access-date=June 30, 2010|first=Alexander|last=Mooney|date=July 18, 2008|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620141333/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/18/no-obama-gore-ticket/|archive-date=June 20, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wpjul19>{{cite news|url=http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/07/19/gore_to_speak_at_netroots_nati.html|title=Gore Speaks at Netroots Nation|access-date=July 30, 2010|author=Franke-Ruta, Garance|author2=Vargas, Jose Antonio|date=July 19, 2008|work=The Trail|archive-date=July 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728022547/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/07/19/gore_to_speak_at_netroots_nati.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="july, 19wsj">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/07/19/gore-working-in-an-obama-administration-not-the-best-idea/|title=Gore: Working in an Obama Administration Not the 'Best Idea'|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Davis, Susan|date=July 19, 2008|work=The Wall Street Journal|archive-date=December 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205055618/http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/07/19/gore-working-in-an-obama-administration-not-the-best-idea/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the timing and nature of Gore's endorsement, some argued that Gore waited because he did not want to repeat his calamitous early endorsement of [[Howard Dean]] during the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]].<ref name=schor>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/jun/16/algore.barackobama|title=US elections: Al Gore endorses Barack Obama for president|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Schor, Elana|date=June 16, 2008|work=The Guardian (UK)|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707062043/http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jun/16/algore.barackobama|archive-date=July 7, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cillizza>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/eye-on-2008/al-gore-and-the-endorsement-hi.html|title=What Does the Goreacle's Endorsement Mean?|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Cillizza, Chris|date=June 17, 2008|work=The Fix|archive-date=January 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112201431/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/eye-on-2008/al-gore-and-the-endorsement-hi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On the final night of the [[Schedule for 2008 Democratic National Convention|2008 Democratic National Convention]], shortly before Obama delivered his acceptance address, Gore gave a speech offering his full support.<ref name=DNC08>{{cite web|url=http://blog.algore.com/2008/08/my_remarks_at_the_democratic_n.html |title=Remarks at the Democratic National Convention |access-date=June 30, 2010 |author=Gore, Al |date=August 28, 2008 |publisher=AlGore.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623065113/http://blog.algore.com/2008/08/my_remarks_at_the_democratic_n.html |archive-date=June 23, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=DNC082>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/28/gore.speech/index.html|title=Gore invokes spirits of 2000 election|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=August 28, 2008|work=ElectionCenter2008|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610092038/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/28/gore.speech/index.html|archive-date=June 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Such support led to new speculation after Obama was elected president during the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]] that Gore would be named a member of the Obama administration. This speculation was enhanced by a meeting held between Obama, Gore, and [[Joe Biden]] in Chicago on December 9, 2008. However, Democratic officials and Gore's spokeswoman stated that during the meeting the only subject under discussion was the climate crisis, and Gore would not be joining the Obama administration.<ref name=meetchicago>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/09/obama.gore/|title=Obama and Gore: Time to deal with climate change|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Mooney, Alexander|date=December 9, 2008|work=The 44th President: Transition to Power|publisher=CNN|archive-date=April 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424073046/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/09/obama.gore/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ear>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/12/10/MN2H14L3QN.DTL|title=Gore has Obama's ear on climate change|access-date=June 30, 2010|author=Zito, Kelly|date=December 10, 2008|work=San Francisco Chronicle|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511184642/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F12%2F10%2FMN2H14L3QN.DTL|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 19, 2008, Gore described Obama's environmental administrative choices of [[Carol Browner]], [[Steven Chu]], and [[Lisa P. Jackson|Lisa Jackson]] as "an exceptional team to lead the fight against the climate crisis".<ref name=obamateam>{{cite web|url=http://blog.algore.com/2008/12/barack_obamas_team.html |title=Barack Obama's Team |access-date=June 30, 2010 |date=December 21, 2008 |publisher=AlGore.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205062403/http://blog.algore.com/2008/12/barack_obamas_team.html |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref>
Gore repeated his neutrality eight years later during the [[Democratic Party presidential primary, 2016|Democratic presidential primaries of 2016]] until endorsing Hillary Clinton on July 25, 2016, the first day of [[2016 Democratic National Convention|that year's Democratic National Convention]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/25/politics/al-gore-hillary-clinton-endorsement/index.html|title=Al Gore endorses Hillary Clinton|date=July 25, 2016|publisher=CNN|first=Theodore|last=Schleifer|access-date=July 25, 2016|archive-date=July 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725190801/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/25/politics/al-gore-hillary-clinton-endorsement/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gore appeared with her at a rally on [[Miami Dade College|Miami Dade College's Kendall Campus]] on October 11, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/al-gore-hillary-clinton-campaign-miami-climate-214351 |title=Gore and Clinton Hold a Wonkfest |website=[[Politico]] |date=October 12, 2016 |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112080555/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/al-gore-hillary-clinton-campaign-miami-climate-214351 |archive-date=November 12, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/10/gore-clinton-florida/503750/ |title=Al Gore Returns to Florida for Hillary Clinton |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=October 11, 2016 |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112143102/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/10/gore-clinton-florida/503750/ |archive-date=November 12, 2016 }}</ref>
===Environmentalism===
{{Main|Environmental activism of Al Gore}}
[[File:Al gore nobel.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Gore receives the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in the [[Oslo City Hall|city hall]] of [[Oslo]], 2007.]]
[[File:20071126-7 d-0653-515h.jpg|thumb|President [[George W. Bush]] meets with Al Gore and the other 2007 Nobel Award recipients, November 26, 2007.]]
Gore has been involved with environmental issues since 1976 when as a freshman congressman, he held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming".<ref name="guadiantimeline"/><ref name="nation"/> He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s,<ref name=timegreen/> and is still prevalent in the environmental community. He was known as one of the ''Atari Democrats'',<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm|title=Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993–2001)|access-date=July 30, 2010|publisher=Senate.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804175459/http://senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm|archive-date=August 4, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party".<ref name=nytgreen/>
In 1990, Senator Gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a ''[[Global Marshall Plan]]'', "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment".<ref>{{cite news|title=World's Legislators Urge 'Marshall Plan' For the Environment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/03/world/world-s-legislators-urge-marshall-plan-for-the-environment.html|date=May 3, 1990|access-date=June 30, 2010|work=The New York Times|author=Shabecoff, Philip|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033446/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/03/world/world-s-legislators-urge-marshall-plan-for-the-environment.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1990s, Gore strongly pushed for the passage of the [[Kyoto Protocol]], which called for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.algore.com/speeches/speeches_kyoto_120897.html|title=Remarks By Al Gore Climate Change Conference Kyoto, Japan|date=December 8, 1997|access-date=June 30, 2010|publisher=AlGore.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001207090900/http://www.algore.com/speeches/speeches_kyoto_120897.html|archive-date=December 7, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/initiatives/environment.html|title=Vice President Gore: Strong Environmental Leadership for the New Millennium|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528031451/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/initiatives/environment.html|archive-date=May 28, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was opposed by the Senate, which passed unanimously (95–0) the [[Byrd–Hagel Resolution]] (S. Res. 98),<ref name="senate.gov"/> which stated the sense of the Senate was that the United States should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or "would result in serious harm to the economy of the United States".<ref name="Text of the Byrd-Hagel Resolution">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|title=Text of the Byrd-Hagel Resolution|date=July 25, 1997|access-date=June 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702225536/http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html|archive-date=July 2, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2004, Gore co-launched [[Generation Investment Management]], a company for which he serves as chair.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/al-gore-2013-5/|title=Al Gore's Golden Years|last=Fishman|first=Steve|publisher=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=May 3, 2013|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221004641/https://nymag.com/news/features/al-gore-2013-5/|url-status=live}}</ref> A few years later, Gore would also found the [[Alliance for Climate Protection]], an organization which eventually founded the ''[[We Campaign]]''. Gore would also become a partner in the venture capital firm, [[Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers]], heading that firm's climate change solutions group.<ref name=greenbusiness/><ref name=partnerbio/> He also helped to organize the ''[[Live Earth]]'' benefit concerts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://liveearth.org/en/liveearth |title=Partners: The Climate Project |publisher=Live Earth |date=April 18, 2010 |access-date=June 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619165409/http://liveearth.org/en/liveearth |archive-date=June 19, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, he attended [[WE Day]] ([[Vancouver]], Canada), a [[WE Charity]] event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/we-day-brings-rock-star-cred-to-social-activism-1.563573|title=We Day brings rock-star cred to social activism|last=Wintonyk|first=Darcy|publisher=[[CTV News Channel (Canadian TV channel)]]|date=October 15, 2010|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220071403/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/we-day-brings-rock-star-cred-to-social-activism-1.563573|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Al gore presentation.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Gore's speech on Global Warming at the [[University of Miami]] BankUnited Center, February 28, 2007]]
In 2013, Gore became a [[veganism|vegan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/11/25/al-gore-goes-vegan-with-little-fanfare/|title=Al Gore goes vegan, with little fanfare|last=Eilperin|first=Juliet|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=November 25, 2013|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=November 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126045708/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/11/25/al-gore-goes-vegan-with-little-fanfare/|url-status=live}}</ref> He had earlier admitted that "it's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets across the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis – not only because of the [carbon dioxide] involved, but also because of the water consumed in the process"<ref name="vegan">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/25/al-gore-vegan_n_4340462.html|title=Al Gore Goes Vegan|last=Altman|first=Ashley|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=November 25, 2013|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002130441/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/25/al-gore-vegan_n_4340462.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and some speculate that his adoption of the new diet is related to his environmentalist stance.<ref name="vegan"/> In a 2014 interview, Gore said: "Over a year ago I changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so I've continued with it and I'm likely to continue it for the rest of my life."<ref>{{cite interview |last= Gore |first= Al |subject-link= Al Gore |interviewer= [[Eric Topol]] |title= Al Gore on Medicine's Inconvenient Truths |url= http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/820985#5 |publisher= [[Medscape]] |date= March 7, 2014 |access-date= March 14, 2014 |quote= Over a year ago I changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so I've continued with it and I'm likely to continue it for the rest of my life. |archive-date= December 3, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191203010440/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/820985#5 |url-status= live }}</ref>
Gore's ''[[An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power]]'', a sequel to his 2006 film, ''An Inconvenient Truth'', premiered at the [[2017 Sundance Film Festival]]. The film documents his continuing efforts to battle climate change.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Justin |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-sundance-inconvenient-sequel-opening-night-20170120-story.html |title=Sundance: 'An Inconvenient Sequel' marks a welcome return to the spotlight for Al Gore |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120192107/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-sundance-inconvenient-sequel-opening-night-20170120-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
A "Climate and Health Summit" which was originally going to be held by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], was cancelled without warning in late January 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/23/cdc-abruptly-cancels-long-planned-conference-on-climate-change-and-health/|title=CDC abruptly cancels long-planned conference on climate change and health|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223113511/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/23/cdc-abruptly-cancels-long-planned-conference-on-climate-change-and-health/|url-status=live}}</ref> A few days later, Gore revived the summit, which was held by the [[Climate Reality Project]] without the support of the CDC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/26/cdcs-canceled-climate-change-conference-is-back-on-thanks-to-al-gore/|title=CDC's canceled climate change conference is back on — thanks to Al Gore|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518015437/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/26/cdcs-canceled-climate-change-conference-is-back-on-thanks-to-al-gore/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate and Health Meeting: February 26, 2017, Atlanta Georgia |url=https://www.climaterealityproject.org/health |website=The Climate Reality Project |date=January 26, 2017 |publisher=Climate Reality Action Fund |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111214009/https://www.climaterealityproject.org/health |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, he helped to launch [[Climate TRACE]] to independently monitor global [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=How a New Effort to Trace Emissions, Led by Al Gore, Could Reshape Climate Talks|url=https://time.com/5866881/al-gore-climate-trace-emissions/|access-date=January 12, 2022|magazine=Time|language=en|archive-date=January 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116003741/https://time.com/5866881/al-gore-climate-trace-emissions/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In November 2021, Gore spoke at the early stages of the [[2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (COP26) in [[Glasgow]], Scotland.<ref name="Cop26A">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/hyper-inequality-is-threat-democracy-market-economics-al-gore-2021-11-05/|title=Honour your climate promises or face the consequences - Al Gore|date=November 5, 2021|work=Reuters|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117233812/https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/hyper-inequality-is-threat-democracy-market-economics-al-gore-2021-11-05/|url-status=live}}</ref> He later criticised the [[Morrison government]] for failing to increase Australia's 2030 emissions reduction target.<ref name="Cop26B">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/16/al-gore-disappointed-scott-morrison-didnt-increase-australias-2030-emissions-target |title=Al Gore 'disappointed' Scott Morrison didn't cut Australia's 2030 emissions target |work=The Guardian |date=November 16, 2021 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117234129/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/16/al-gore-disappointed-scott-morrison-didnt-increase-australias-2030-emissions-target |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Criticism===
In the late 1980s and 1990s, Gore was criticized for his involvement in asking the [[EPA]] for less strict pollution controls for the [[Pigeon River (Tennessee – North Carolina)#History|Pigeon River]], which had long been polluted by a [[paper mill]] in [[Canton, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/gores-pollution-problem-171130 |title=Gore's Pollution Problem |first=Michael |last=Isikoff |work=Newsweek |date=November 23, 1997 |access-date=July 20, 2015 |url-access=limited |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914225259/http://www.newsweek.com/gores-pollution-problem-171130 |url-status=live }}</ref>
A number of people and organizations, including [[Marsha Blackburn]], a current U.S. Senator and former Congresswoman from Tennessee, and a conservative Washington, D.C. think tank, have claimed that Gore has a [[conflict of interest]] for advocating for taxpayer subsidies of green-energy technologies in which he has a personal investment.<ref name=tel1105>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/6496196/Al-Gore-profiting-from-climate-change-agenda.html|title=Al Gore 'profiting' from climate change agenda|access-date=November 5, 2009|date=November 3, 2009|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|first=Nick|last=Allen|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105204458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/6496196/Al-Gore-profiting-from-climate-change-agenda.html|archive-date=November 5, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1217525953.pdf|title=Al Gore's Carbon Empire: Cashing in on Climate Change|last=Lucas|first=Fred|date=July 24, 2008|publisher=Capital Research Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215144546/https://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1217525953.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2012 }}</ref> Additionally, he has been criticized for his above-average energy consumption in using private jets, and in owning multiple, very large homes,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-08-la-hm-hotprop-20100508-story.html|title=Indisputable: Gore buys Montecito villa|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 8, 2010|access-date=July 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619014628/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/08/home/la-hm-hotprop-20100508|archive-date=June 19, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> one of which was reported in 2007 as using high amounts of electricity.<ref name="war on">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/28/AR2007022801823.html|title=War on Warming Begins at (Al Gore's) Home|access-date=July 5, 2010|author=Cillizza, Chris|author2=Mosk, Matthew|date=March 1, 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=November 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106080054/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/28/AR2007022801823.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=group>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/2153179/Al-Gores-electricity-bill-goes-through-the-insulated-roof.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/2153179/Al-Gores-electricity-bill-goes-through-the-insulated-roof.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Al Gore's electricity bill goes through the (insulated) roof|access-date=July 5, 2010|last=Leonard|first=Tom|date=June 18, 2008|newspaper=The Telegraph (UK)|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Gore's spokesperson responded by stating that the Gores use [[renewable energy]] which is more expensive than regular energy and that the Tennessee house in question has been retrofitted to make it more energy efficient.<ref>FactCheck.org: [http://www.factcheck.org/2009/06/al-gores-mansion/ Al Gore's Mansion] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014020737/http://www.factcheck.org/2009/06/al-gores-mansion/ |date=October 14, 2016 }}.  June 21, 2009.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=Associated Press|title=Gore gets green kudos for home renovation|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22248699|access-date=May 23, 2021|website=NBC News|date=December 13, 2007 |language=en|archive-date=May 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523192636/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22248699|url-status=live}}</ref>
Data in ''[[An Inconvenient Truth]]'' has been questioned. In a 2007 [[Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education and Skills|court case]], a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research",<ref name=court>{{cite BAILII
|country=ew|litigants=Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education & Skills|court=EWHC|division=Admin|year=2007|num=2288|para=|date=October 10, 2007}} – full text of judgment</ref> he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court. He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views. Gore's spokesperson responded in 2007 that the court had upheld the film's fundamental thesis and its use as an educational tool.<ref name="inconvenient verdict">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/TenWays/story?id=3719791&page=1|title=An Inconvenient Verdict for Al Gore|author=Baram, Marcus|date=October 12, 2007|access-date=June 28, 2010|work=ABC News|archive-date=February 11, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211150716/http://abcnews.go.com/US/TenWays/story?id=3719791&page=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, Gore described the British court ruling as being "in my favor".<ref name=courtresp>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2009/s2624723.htm|title=Al Gore urges Australia to move on carbon emissions trading|author=Heather Ewart, reporter|format=Interview transcript|work=The 730 Report|access-date=June 30, 2010|date=July 13, 2009|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-date=April 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413145153/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2009/s2624723.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the [[COP15 (2009)|COP15]] climate change conference in [[Copenhagen]] in 2009, Gore cited research from Dr. Wieslaw Maslowski, a professor of oceanography at the Naval Postgraduate School in California to claim that "Some of the models suggest to Dr. Maslowski that there is a 75% chance that the entire north polar ice cap during some of the summer months could be completely ice-free within the next five to seven years." However, a fact-check conducted by [[Reuters]] found that Gore was guilty of misrepresenting scientific data or "spreading misinformation". In a 2009 interview with ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Maslowski responded to Gore's claim by saying: "It's unclear to me how this figure was arrived at. I would never try to estimate likelihood at anything as exact as this."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-04 |title=Al Gore did not 'predict' ice caps melting by 2013 but misrepresented data |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.comarticle/idUSL1N2RV0K6/ |access-date=2023-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Copenhagen |first=Hannah Devlin, Ben Webster, Philippe Naughton in |date=2023-11-19 |title=Inconvenient truth for Al Gore as his North Pole sums don't add up |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/inconvenient-truth-for-al-gore-as-his-north-pole-sums-dont-add-up-bkt660lh5ls |access-date=2023-11-19 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Frank |date=December 15, 2009 |title=Al Gore Slips On Artic Ice; Misstates Scientist's Forecast |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/12/al_gore_trips_on_artic_ice_mis.html |access-date=November 19, 2023 |website=npr.org}}</ref>
Gore was also criticized when in 2012 he sold his television channel [[Current TV]] for around $100&nbsp;million to [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]], a media company funded by the government of [[Qatar]], a nation largely dependent on income from the [[fossil fuel industry]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Estes|first=Adam Clark|date=January 29, 2013|title=$100 Million in Oil Money Richer, Al Gore's Unsure Why Critics Are Being So Critical|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/01/100-million-worth-oil-money-richer-al-gore-doesnt-get-why-critics-are-being-so-critical/318926/|access-date=June 7, 2020|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|archive-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607192736/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/01/100-million-worth-oil-money-richer-al-gore-doesnt-get-why-critics-are-being-so-critical/318926/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Personal life==
[[File:Al Gore wedding.jpg|thumb|upright|Tipper and Al Gore on their wedding day, May 19, 1970, at the [[Washington National Cathedral]]]]
Gore met [[Tipper Gore|Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson]] at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965. She was from the nearby [[St. Stephen's & St. Agnes School|St. Agnes School]].<ref name="twoworlds" /> Tipper followed Gore to [[Boston]] to attend college,<ref name="pbschron" /> and they married at the [[Washington National Cathedral]] on May 19, 1970.<ref name="pbschron" /><ref name="wedding">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo9.htm|title=Sen. Albert Gore and Pauline Gore share words with their son Al Jr. and his bride|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=Family photo|series=The Life of Al Gore, Path to Politics|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122720/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo9.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dance">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo7.htm|title=The Life of Al Gore, Growing up|access-date=June 28, 2010|author=Family photo|date=December 31, 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216122724/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/galleries/lifeofgore/photo7.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="recast">{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_31_15/ai_55553468 |title=Next First Lady Will Recast Role – Tipper Gore and Laura Bush |access-date=June 28, 2010 |author=Howd, Aimee |date=August 23, 1999 |publisher=Insight on the News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808014007/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_31_15/ai_55553468 |archive-date=August 8, 2013 }}</ref>
They have four children; [[Karenna Gore]] (b. 1973), [[Kristin Gore|Kristin Carlson Gore]] (b. 1977), Sarah LaFon Gore (b. 1979) and Albert Arnold Gore III (b. 1982).<ref name="CNN-990616" />
In June 2010, the Gores announced in an e-mail to friends that after "long and careful consideration", they had made a mutual decision to separate.<ref name="AlGoreSeparate">{{cite news |title=After 40 years of marriage, Tipper and Al Gore part ways |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0601/After-40-years-of-marriage-Tipper-and-Al-Gore-part-ways |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=June 1, 2010 |access-date=December 30, 2013 |first=Erik |last=Schelzig |archive-date=December 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221101234/http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0601/After-40-years-of-marriage-Tipper-and-Al-Gore-part-ways |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|title=Al and Tipper Gore to separate after 40 years |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100601/ap_on_re_us/us_gore_separation |agency=Associated Press |location=Nashville, TN |publisher=[[Yahoo News]] |date=June 1, 2010 |access-date=June 28, 2010 |first=Erik |last=Schelzig |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618040857/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100601/ap_on_re_us/us_gore_separation |archive-date=June 18, 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In May 2012, it was reported that Gore had started dating Elizabeth Keadle of Rancho Santa Fe,<ref name="Rancho Santa Fe">{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-al-gores-flame-rancho-santa-fe-woman-2012may22-story.html|title=Al Gore's Flame Rancho Santa Fe Woman|date=May 22, 2012|author=Jenkins, Logan|work=San Diego Union Tribune|access-date=May 25, 2021|archive-date=May 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525190258/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-al-gores-flame-rancho-santa-fe-woman-2012may22-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> California.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/al-gore-has-a-girlfriend-california-donor-and-activist-elizabeth-keadle/2012/05/17/gIQASYe2WU_blog.html|date=May 17, 2012|title=Al Gore has a girlfriend: California donor and activist Elizabeth Keadle|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=February 8, 2016|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/al-gore-has-a-girlfriend-california-donor-and-activist-elizabeth-keadle/2012/05/17/gIQASYe2WU_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Before beginning his political career, he attended the New Salem Missionary [[Baptist Church]] in [[Elmwood, Tennessee]].<ref>Melinda Henneberger, [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/22/us/2000-campaign-spiritual-seeker-gore-has-explored-range-beliefs-old-time-new-age.html THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: SPIRITUAL SEEKER; Gore Has Explored a Range of Beliefs From Old Time to New Age], nytimes.com, USA, October 22, 2000</ref> In 1977, when he moved to [[Arlington County, Virginia]], he attended the Mount Vernon Baptist Church. He and his wife were baptized in 1980 and became members of the church.<ref>OS, [https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1992/07/18/even-all-baptist-ticket-cant-guarantee-votes/ Even all-Baptist ticket can’t guarantee votes], orlandosentinel.com, USA, July 18, 1992</ref> In 2004, he announced he had left the [[Southern Baptist Convention]], but remained a Baptist. In 2007, he received Ethics Daily's "Baptist of the Year" award for his environmental activism.<ref>Robert Parham, [https://goodfaithmedia.org/baptist-of-the-year-al-gore-cms-12082/ Baptist of the Year: Al Gore], goodfaithmedia.org, USA, December 28, 2007</ref> He was a keynote speaker at the 2008 [[New Baptist Covenant]] convention.<ref>David Roach, [https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/gore-cites-political-will-claims-scriptural-mandate-on-environmental-issues/ Gore cites political will, claims scriptural mandate on environmental issues], baptistpress.com, USA, January 31, 2008</ref>
==Awards and honors==
{{Main|List of awards and honors received by Al Gore}}
[[File:President Joe Biden presents the Medal of Freedom to Al Gore.jpg|thumb|Gore being presented the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by [[Joe Biden]] on May 3, 2024]]
Gore is the recipient of a number of awards, including the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (together with the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]) in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/|title=The Nobel Prize in Peace 2007: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Al Gore|year=2007|access-date=June 30, 2010|publisher=NobelPrize.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725194753/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/|archive-date=July 25, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.algore.com/2007/12/nobel_prize_acceptance_speech.html |title=Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech |access-date=June 30, 2010 |last=Gore |first=Al |date=December 10, 2007 |publisher=AlGore.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205080339/http://blog.algore.com/2007/12/nobel_prize_acceptance_speech.html |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2145488.ece|title=Peace Prize winners issue urgent calls for action|access-date=July 30, 2010|date=December 10, 2007|publisher=Aftenposten|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804040547/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2145488.ece|archive-date=August 4, 2007}}</ref> a [[Primetime Emmy Award]] for [[Current TV]] in 2007, a [[List of Webby Award winners#2005|Webby Award]] in 2005, the [[Dan David Prize]] in 2008<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prize|first=Dan David|title=Al Gore|url=https://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2008/present-social-responsibility-with-particular-emphasis-on-the-environment/present-social-responsibility-with-particular-emphasis-on-the-environment|access-date=November 26, 2020|website=www.dandavidprize.org|language=en-gb|archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413135336/https://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2008/present-social-responsibility-with-particular-emphasis-on-the-environment/present-social-responsibility-with-particular-emphasis-on-the-environment|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] in 2007 for International Cooperation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cué |first1=Elena |title=Al Gore: "Los líderes empresariales están haciendo más contra el cambio climático que los líderes políticos" |url=https://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-gore-lideres-empresariales-estan-haciendo-mas-contra-cambio-climatico-lideres-politicos-201912150127_noticia.html |access-date=September 19, 2020 |work=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |date=December 15, 2019 |language=es |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216073259/https://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-gore-lideres-empresariales-estan-haciendo-mas-contra-cambio-climatico-lideres-politicos-201912150127_noticia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Albert+A.+Gore&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=June 9, 2021|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=June 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609192509/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Albert+A.+Gore&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=live}}</ref> He also starred in the 2006 documentary ''[[An Inconvenient Truth]],'' which won an [[Academy Award for Best Documentary (Feature)|Academy Award for Best Documentary]] in 2007 and wrote the book ''[[An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It]]'', which won a [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album]] in 2009.<ref name=grammy>{{cite web|url=http://www2.grammy.com/grammy_awards/51st_show/list.aspx#19 |title=The 51st Annual Grammy Awards Winners List |work=Category 79: Best Spoken Word Album |access-date=June 26, 2010 |year=2008 |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |archive-date=July 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704080423/http://www2.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/51st_Show/list.aspx  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/gore-wins-hollywood-in-a-landslide/|title=Gore Wins Hollywood in a Landslide|access-date=June 30, 2010|last=Nagourney|first=Adam|date=February 25, 2007|work=The Caucus|archive-date=May 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520150640/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/gore-wins-hollywood-in-a-landslide/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024, Gore was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by U.S. president [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/05/03/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom-2/|publisher=The White House|title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=May 3, 2024|access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref>
==Selected publications==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Books===
* {{cite book|title=The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change|year=2013|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-8129-9294-6|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812992946}}
* {{ cite book|title=Our Choice|year=2009|publisher=Rodale Books|isbn=978-1-59486-734-7|title-link=Our Choice}}
* ''Know Climate Change'' and ''101 Q and A on Climate Change'' from 'Save Planet Earth Series', 2008 (children's books)
* {{ cite book|title=Our Purpose: The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture 2007|year=2008|publisher=Rodale Books|isbn=978-1-60529-990-7}}
* {{cite book|title=The Assault on Reason|year=2007|publisher=New York: Penguin|isbn=978-1-59420-122-6|title-link=The Assault on Reason}}
* {{ cite book|title=An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It|year=2006|publisher=New York: Rodale Books|isbn=978-1-59486-567-1 |title-link=An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It}}
* {{ cite book|title=Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family- (with Tipper Gore)|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8050-7450-5|publisher=Owl Henry Holt|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=The Spirit of Family (with Tipper Gore)|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8050-6894-8|publisher=H. Holt|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/spiritoffamily00algo}}
* {{ cite book|title=From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less|year=2001|isbn=978-1-58963-571-5|publisher=Fredonia Books|location=Amsterdam}}
* {{ cite book|title=Common Sense Government: Works Better & Costs Less: National Performance Review (3rd Report)|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7881-3908-6|last1=Gore|first1=Al |publisher=DIANE |ref=none}}
* {{ cite book|title=Businesslike Government: lessons learned from America's best companies (with Scott Adams)|year=1997|isbn=978-0-7881-7053-9|last1=Gore|first1=Albert |publisher=DIANE |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|title=Earth in the Balance: Forging a New Common Purpose|publisher=Earthscan|year=1992|isbn=978-0-618-05664-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/earthinbalanceec0000gore}}
* ''Putting People First: How We Can All Change America.'' (with William J. Clinton). New York: Times Books, 1992 .
===Articles===
* "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704853404575323112076444850 Toward Sustainable Capitalism: Long-term incentives are the antidote to the short-term greed that caused our current economic woes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720061036/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704853404575323112076444850 |date=July 20, 2017 }}. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', June 24, 2010.(With David Blood)
* "[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/opinion/28gore.html We Can't Wish Away Climate Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209001037/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/opinion/28gore.html |date=February 9, 2017 }}." ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 27, 2010.
* "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/opinion/09gore.html The Climate for Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329074551/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/opinion/09gore.html |date=March 29, 2017 }}." ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 9, 2008.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080213224622/http://undertow.arch.gatech.edu/Homepages/virtualopera/cyber24/SITE/essay/gore.htm Vice President Al Gore's introduction to ''Earthwatch: 24 Hours In Cyberspace'']. February 8, 1996. ''[[24 Hours in Cyberspace]]''
* "[http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/editinc/foreword.htm#Top Foreword by Vice President Al Gore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616030642/http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/editinc/foreword.htm#Top |date=June 16, 2007 }}." In ''[http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/editinc/ The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking (2nd edition)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807181031/http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/editinc/ |date=August 7, 2011 }}'' by Tracy LaQuey, 1994.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080214182936/http://www.uneco.org/ssalgoreintro.html Introduction]. In ''[[Silent Spring]]'' by [[Rachel Carson]]. 1994. New York : Houghton-Mifflin.
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080316091133/http://www.gcrio.org/USCCAP/toc.html The Climate Change Action Plan].'' Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 1993 (with [[Bill Clinton|William J. Clinton]]).
* "Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." ''[[Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks]],'' September 1991. 265(3): 150–153.
{{refend}}
== See also ==
*[[Environmental activism of Al Gore]]
*[[Vice presidency of Al Gore]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Agre, Phil. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603092645/http://commons.somewhere.com/rre/2000/RRE.Al.Gore.and.the.Inte1.html Who Invented "Invented"?: Tracing the Real Story of the "Al Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax]. October 17, 2000
* Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William. "Chapter 12." ''[[Computer: A History of the Information Machine]].'' New York: BasicBooks, 1996.
* Chapman, Gary and Marc Rotenberg. ''[http://www.cpsr.org/prevsite/publications/newsletters/old/1990s/Summer1993.txt The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190648/http://www.cpsr.org/prevsite/publications/newsletters/old/1990s/Summer1993.txt |date=September 30, 2007 }}.'' In ''Computers, Ethics, & Social Values''. Deborah G. Johnson and Helen Nissanbaum (eds.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995: 628–644.
* [[Alexander Cockburn|Cockburn, Alexander]]. ''Al Gore: A User's Manual'' (2000) (with [[Jeffrey St. Clair]]) {{ISBN|978-1-85984-803-6}}
* Kirk, Andrew G. ''Counterculture Green: The [[Whole Earth Catalog]] and American Environmentalism''. Lawrence: Univ. of Kansas Press, 2007.
* [[Howard Rheingold|Rheingold, Howard]]. "Afterword to the 1994 edition." ''The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier (revised edition). '' Cambridge: MIT, 2000.
* Stix, Gary. [http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=83F1AFDF-DFDF-429F-B420-10D25322587 Gigabit Gestalt: Clinton and Gore embrace an activist technology policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317034500/http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=83F1AFDF-DFDF-429F-B420-10D25322587 |date=March 17, 2008 }}. ''[[Scientific American]]'', May 1993.
* Turque, Bill, ''[https://archive.org/details/inventingalgoreb00turq Inventing Al Gore]'', [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]], 2000, {{ISBN|978-0-618-13160-0}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|author=yes}}
* [https://www.weforum.org/about/leadership-and-governance Board of Trustees] at World Economic Forum
* {{Official website|1=http://www.algore.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|0330722}}
* {{CongLinks | congbio=G000321 | votesmart= | fec=P80000912 | congress= }}
* {{TED speaker}}
* {{C-SPAN|169}}
* {{Nobelprize}} including his Nobel Lecture December 10, 2007
{{Al Gore}}
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