View source for Alba County

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{short description|County of Romania}}
{{Distinguish|Scotland}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Alba County
| native_name                     = Județul Alba
| settlement_type                = County
| image_skyline                  = K Alba.jpg
| image_caption                  =
| image_flag                     = File:RO Alba County Flag.svg
| flag_link                      =
| image_shield                   = File:RO Alba County CoA.svg
| shield_link                    =
| image_map                      = Alba in Romania.svg
| map_caption                    = Location of Alba County in Romania
| subdivision_type               = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name               = {{ROU}}
| subdivision_type1              = Development region<sup>1</sup>
| subdivision_name1              = [[Centru (development region)|Centru]]
| subdivision_type2              = Historic region
| subdivision_name2              = [[Transylvania]]
| subdivision_type3              = County seat
| subdivision_name3              = [[Alba Iulia]]
| government_footnotes           =
| government_type                = County Council
| leader_party 	              = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
| leader_title 	              = President of the County Council
| leader_name 	                  = {{ill|Ion Dumitrel|ro}}
| leader_title1                  = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_name1                   = {{ill|Nicolae Albu|ro}}
| established_title              =
| established_date               =
| area_magnitude                 =
| area_total_km2                 = 6242
| area_rank                      = [[List of Romanian counties by area|16th in Romania]]
| area_land_km2                  =
| area_water_km2                 =
| area_total_sq_mi 	          =
| area_land_sq_mi 	              =
| area_water_sq_mi 	          =
| area_water_percent 	          =
| area_urban_km2 	              =
| area_urban_sq_mi 	          =
| area_metro_km2                 =
| area_metro_sq_mi               =
| elevation_footnotes            =
| elevation_m                    =
| elevation_ft                   =
| latd 	                  =
| latm 	                  =
| lats 	                  =
| latNS 	                  =
| longd 	                  =
| longm 	                  =
| longs 	                  =
| longEW                         =
|population_total       = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population_as_of       = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population_footnotes   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_rank                = [[List of Romanian counties by population|29th in Romania]]
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_density_sq_mi       =
| population_metro 	          =
| population_density_metro_km2   =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban 	          =
| population_density_urban_km2   =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_note                =
| timezone         	          = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset 	                  = +2
| timezone_DST 	              = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         	      = +3
| postal_code_type 	          = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]]
| postal_code         	          = 51wxyz<sup>3</sup>
| area_code 	                  = [[Romania telephone area codes|+40 x58]]<sup>4</sup>
| blank_name 	                  = [[Romanian car number plates|Car Plates]]
| blank_info                     = AB<sup>5</sup>
| blank1_name                    = [[GDP]]
| blank1_info                    = US$ 2.940 billion (''2015'')
| blank2_name                    = [[GDP]] [[per capita]]
| blank2_info                    = US$ 8,970 (''2015'')
| footnotes 	                  = <sup>1</sup>The developing regions of [[Romania]] have no administrative role. They were formed to draw funds from the [[European Union]]<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries corp<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the  street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles & [[All-terrain vehicle|ATVs]], etc.) and the ones used outside the county
| website                        = [http://www.cjalba.ro County Council]<br />[http://www.prefecturaalba.ro County Prefecture]
}}
'''Alba County''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈalba}}) is a county ([[județ]]) of [[Romania]] located in the historic region of [[Transylvania]]. Its capital is [[Alba Iulia]], a city with a population of 63,536.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418082153/http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 }}</ref>
== Name ==
"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], the county is known as ''Fehér megye'' (fehér also meaning white), and in [[German language|German]] as ''Kreis Karlsburg''.
== Geography ==
{{Romanian counties map}}
This county has a total area of {{cvt|6242|km2}}, with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.
The [[Apuseni Mountains]] are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the [[Parâng Mountains group]] – the [[Șureanu Mountains|Șureanu]] and [[Cindrel Mountains|Cindrel]] mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the [[Transylvanian Plateau]] with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș River]] valley.
The main rivers are the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș River]] and its tributaries, the [[Târnava]], the [[Sebeș (river)|Sebeș]], and the [[Arieș]].
=== Neighbors ===
* [[Sibiu County]] and [[Mureș County]] to the east.
* [[Bihor County]] and [[Arad County]] to the west.
* [[Cluj County]] to the north.
* [[Hunedoara County]] to the southwest.
* [[Vâlcea County]] to the south.
== Economy ==
The predominant industries in the county are:
* Food industry
* Textile industry
* Wood industry
* Mechanical components
* Paper and packaging materials industry
* Chemical industry
The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite.
== Tourist attractions ==
[[File:Gold-Quartz-mm11a.jpg|thumb|Gold in quartz, Roșia Montană. Size 4.3 × 2.7 × 1.3 cm.]]
The main tourist attractions in the county are:
* The city of [[Alba Iulia]]
* The [[Apuseni Mountains]]
** [[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]] [[karst]] complex
** [[Maidens' Fair]] on the {{ill|Găina Mountain|ro|Muntele Găina}}
** The ''Dealul cu melci'' ("Snail Hill") west of [[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
** Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata ([[Detunatele]])
* The [[Câlnic Citadel]] and the castle of [[Gârbova]]
* The towns and churches of [[Sebeș]] and [[Aiud]]
* The [[Ocna Mureș]] resort
* The [[Țara Moților]] ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
* Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik (Cârnic), with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007. [[Roșia Montană]] is a famous locality among [[mineral collector]]s for fine [[native gold]] specimens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-2607.html|title=Roșia Montană (Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach), Roșia Montană Commune, Alba County, Romania|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6082/|title=Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Via Transilvanica]] hiking and biking trail
== Demographics ==
According to the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], the county had a population of 325,941 and the [[population density]] was {{Pop density|325941
|6242|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021)
|label1=[[Romanians]]|value1=91.36|color1=#8080ff
|label2=[[Romani people in Romania|Romani]]|value2=4.43|color2=#80ffff
|label3=[[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarians]]|value3=3.91|color3=#80ff80
|label4=[[Germans of Romania|Germans]] <small>([[Transylvanian Saxons]])</small>|value4=0.18|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=Others|value5=0.11|color5=#9f9f9f}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }}''</ref>
|-
! 1948
| 361,062 {{steady}}
|-
! 1956
| 370,800 {{increase}}
|-
! 1966
| 382,786 {{increase}}
|-
! 1977
| 409,634 {{increase}}
|-
! 1992
| 414,227 {{increase}}
|-
! 2002
| 382,747 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2011
| 327,224 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2021
| 325,941 {{decrease}}
|}
== Politics ==
The Alba County Council, renewed at the [[2020 Romanian local elections|2020 local elections]], consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="19" | Current County Council
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''19'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
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| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| [[Save Romania Union]] (USR)
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
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| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
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== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Cetatea Alba Iulia din aer toamna.jpg|thumb|[[Alba Iulia]] ({{langx|de|Karlsburg/Weißenburg}})]]
[[File:Vista_de_Blaj2.jpg|thumb|[[Blaj]]]]
[[File:Kirche mit Markthallen.JPG|thumb|[[Sebeș]] ({{langx|de|Mühlbach}})]]
[[File:Abrud.seara.jpg|thumb|[[Abrud]]]]
[[File:Baia de Arieș1.jpg|thumb|[[Baia de Arieș]]]]
Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes.
* Municipalities:
** [[Aiud]]
** [[Alba Iulia]] – county seat; pop. 58,761 (as of 2011)
** [[Blaj]]
** [[Sebeș]]
* Towns:
** [[Abrud]]
** [[Baia de Arieș]]
** [[Câmpeni]]
** [[Cugir]]
** [[Ocna Mureș]]
** [[Teiuș]]
** [[Zlatna]]
{{div col|colwidth=13em}}
* Communes:
** [[Albac]]
** [[Almașu Mare]]
** [[Arieșeni]]
** [[Avram Iancu, Alba|Avram Iancu]]
** [[Berghin]]
** [[Bistra, Alba|Bistra]]
** [[Blandiana]]
** [[Bucerdea Grânoasă]]
** [[Bucium, Alba|Bucium]]
** [[Câlnic, Alba|Câlnic]]
** [[Cenade]]
** [[Cergău]]
** [[Ceru-Băcăinți]]
** [[Cetatea de Baltă]]
** [[Ciugud]]
** [[Ciuruleasa]]
** [[Crăciunelu de Jos]]
** [[Cricău]]
** [[Cut, Alba|Cut]]
** [[Daia Româna]]
** [[Doștat]]
** [[Fărău]]
** [[Galda de Jos]]
** [[Gârbova]]
** [[Gârda de Sus]]
** [[Hopârta]]
** [[Horea, Alba|Horea]]
** [[Ighiu]]
** [[Întregalde]]
** [[Jidvei]]
** [[Livezile, Alba|Livezile]]
** [[Lopadea Nouă]]
** [[Lunca Mureşului]]
** [[Lupșa]]
** [[Meteș]]
** [[Mihalț]]
** [[Mirăslău, Alba|Mirăslău]]
** [[Mogoș]]
** [[Noșlac]]
** [[Ocoliș]]
** [[Ohaba]]
** [[Pianu]]
** [[Poiana Vadului]]
** [[Ponor, Alba|Ponor]]
** [[Poșaga]]
** [[Rădești, Alba|Rădești]]
** [[Râmeț]]
** [[Rimetea]]
** [[Roșia de Secaș]]
** [[Roșia Montană, Alba|Roșia Montană]]
** [[Sălciua]]
** [[Săliștea]]
** [[Sâncel]]
** [[Sântimbru, Alba|Sântimbru]]
** [[Săsciori]]
** [[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]]
** [[Șibot]]
** [[Sohodol]]
** [[Șona]]
** [[Șpring]]
** [[Stremț]]
** [[Șugag]]
** [[Unirea, Alba|Unirea]]
** [[Vadu Moților]]
** [[Valea Lungă, Alba|Valea Lungă]]
** [[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
** [[Vințu de Jos]]
{{div col end}}
==Historical county==
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                  = Județul Alba
| other_name                     =
| settlement_type                = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline                  = Alba Iulia Inspectoratul.JPG
| image_caption                  = The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate.
| image_flag                     =
| flag_link                      =
| image_shield                   = Interbelic Alba County CoA.png
| shield_link                    =
| image_map                      = Romania 1930 county Alba.png
| map_caption                    =
| subdivision_type               = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name               = [[Image:Flag of Romania.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]
| subdivision_type2              = Historic region
| subdivision_name2              = [[Transylvania]]
| subdivision_type3              = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name3              = [[Alba-Iulia]]
| government_footnotes           =
| government_type                =
| leader_party 	              =
| leader_title 	              = [[Prefect (Romania)|Prefect]]
| leader_name 	                  =
| leader_title1                  =
| leader_name1                   =
| established_title              = Established
| established_date               = 1925
| established_title2             = Ceased to exist
| established_date2              =
| area_magnitude                 =
| area_total_km2                 = 2433
| area_land_km2                  =
| area_water_km2                 =
| area_total_sq_mi 	          =
| area_land_sq_mi 	              =
| area_water_sq_mi 	          =
| area_water_percent 	          =
| area_urban_km2 	              =
| area_urban_sq_mi 	          =
| area_metro_km2                 =
| area_metro_sq_mi               =
| elevation_footnotes            =
| elevation_m                    =
| elevation_ft                   =
| latd 	                  =
| latm 	                  =
| lats 	                  =
| latNS 	                  =
| longd 	                  =
| longm 	                  =
| longs 	                  =
| longEW                         =
| population_as_of 	          = 1930
| population_footnotes           =
| population_total 	          = 213795
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_density_sq_mi       =
| population_metro 	          =
| population_density_metro_km2   =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban 	          =
| population_density_urban_km2   =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_note                =
| timezone         	          = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset 	                  = +2
| timezone_DST 	              = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         	      = +3
| postal_code_type 	          =
| postal_code         	          =
| area_code 	                  =
| blank_name 	                  =
| blank_info                     =
| footnotes 	                  =
| website                        =
}}
Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of [[Greater Romania]], in the southwestern part of [[Transylvania]], with a territory identical with the old [[Alsó-Fehér County]] of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by [[Hunedoara County]], to the north by [[Turda County]], and to the east by the counties of [[Sibiu County|Sibiu]] and [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava-Mică]]. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.
=== Administration ===
[[File:1938 map of interwar county Alba.jpg|thumb|right|310px|Map of Alba County as constituted in 1938.]]
The county originally consisted of seven districts (''[[plasă|plăși]]''):<ref name=Memoria>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Alba]</ref>
# Plasa Abrud (headquarters at [[Abrud]])
# Plasa Aiud (headquarters at [[Aiud]])
# Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at [[Ighiu, Alba|Ighiu]])
# Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
# Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
# Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
# Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])
Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:
# Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at [[Abrud]])
# Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at [[Aiud]])
# Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Alba Iulia]])
# Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
# Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
# Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
# Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])
# Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Zlatna]])
There were four towns: [[Alba Iulia]], [[Abrud]], [[Aiud]], and [[Sebeș]].
=== Population ===
According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities.<ref name = Rec_1930_522>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pp. 522-524</ref>
==== Urban population ====
In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities.<ref name = Rec_1930_522/>
===After 1938===
After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of [[Ciuc County|Ciuc]], [[Odorhei County|Odorhei]], [[Sibiu County#Historical county|Sibiu]], [[Târnava-Mare County|Târnava Mare]], and [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava Mică]] to form [[Ținutul Mureș]]. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.
==People==
Notable natives include:
*[[Ion Agârbiceanu]]
*[[Lucian Blaga]]
*[[Avram Iancu]]
*[[Sofronie of Cioara]]
*[[Ioan Suciu]]
== References ==
{{Commons category|Alba County}}
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/index.html Alba County on memoria.ro]
{{LocalitiesAlba}}
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
{{Historical counties of Romania}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|46.1333|N|23.5333|E|source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
[[Category:Alba County| ]]
[[Category:Counties of Romania]]
[[Category:Geography of Transylvania]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1938 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1938]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1925]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1950 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1940]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1950]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]