View source for Amanalco

{{Distinguish|text=[[San Jerónimo Amanalco]], a village of ethnic Nahuas in the Municipality of [[Texcoco, Mexico State]]}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name          =     Amanalco
|settlement_type        =[[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipality]] and town
|other_name             =
|native_name            =Amanalco de Becerra  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =300px
|image_caption          =
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = Mexico Estado de Mexico Amanalco location map.svg
|mapsize                = 300px
|map_caption            = Location of the municipality in Mexico State
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Mexico <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Mexico}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Mexico (state)]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3      =
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                =
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =219.49 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               =2005
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 20343
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central Standard Time]]
|utc_offset             = -6
|coordinates            = {{coord|19|15|N|100|01|W|region:MX|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = {{in lang|es}} [http://www.amanalco.gob.mx/  Official Website]
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Amanalco''' is a [[Municipalities of Mexico|municipality]], in [[Mexico (state)|Mexico State]] in [[Mexico]]. The municipal seat is the town of Amanalco de Becerra and includes several larger towns including San Juan, San Jerónimo, San Bartolo, and San Mateo.  The municipality covers an area of 219.49&nbsp;km².
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 20,343.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amanalco |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15007a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal]] |access-date=June 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527073129/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15007a.htm |archive-date=May 27, 2007 }}</ref>
The original name was N’dabi, which in [[Otomi language|Otomi]] means “place where tree trunks float” or “where there is much water.” The current name is from [[Nahuatl]] and means “near a lake” or “an extension of water.” The municipality has both an Aztec [[glyph]] as well as a coat of arms.<ref name="encmuc">{{Cite web|url= http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15007a.htm |archive-url= https://archive.today/20110718113716/http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15007a.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= July 18, 2011 |title= Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Mexico  Amanalco |publisher=INAFED |location=Mexico |language=es |access-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref>
==History==
This area became populated 15,000 to 20,000 years ago when nomads entered this valley in search of mammoths.  Between 7,000 and 12,000 years ago, the people of this area gradually became sedentary, forming villages, and initiating agriculture based on corn, beans, squash and chili peppers. One of the first known tribes to dominate this area was the [[Matlatzinca people|Matlatzinca]] around 3,500 BCE, but suffered attacks by neighboring [[Purépecha people|Purépecha]].  By the pre-classic period, society had developed into stratified tribes and by 200 BCE a tributary system has been developed. On the site of the town of Amanalco was found a 7,000-year-old human footprint in volcanic rock belonging to someone now called the “man of Amanalco.” The [[Aztec]]s conquered this area along with the rest of the Valley del Matlatzinco (today [[Toluca Valley]]) in 1476 under the rule of [[Axayacatl]]. Amanalco came under the jurisdiction of [[Metepec, State of Mexico|Metepec]].<ref name="encmuc"/>
After the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]], [[Gonzalo de Sandoval]] took control of the valley with ease, as the native Matzalincas saw the Spaniards as a way to protect themselves from the Purépecha.  The valley then became part of the lands awarded to [[Hernán Cortés]] when he was named the Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca by the Spanish king. Under Spanish rule in the early colonial period, Amanalco remained subject to Metepec.  A village was founded in the middle of the 16th century by several medicinal herb collectors, according to oral tradition. Franciscans came to the village and named it San Jerónimo Amanalco. By 1600, the [[Mexica]]s had abandoned the area and groups of [[Otomi people|Otomi]] came to settle. In 1604, Amanalco was made a governing center for the area. The Amanalco area was the [[encomendero]] of Juan de Sámano, whose Hacienda en Zinacantepec, La Gavia, claimed lands in Amanalco. However, the natives of the area managed to reclaim this land. In 1613.<ref name="encmuc"/>
The village’s church was constructed in the 16th century. The church became a parish in 1768 as a dependency of the parish of San Francisco del Valle, now [[Valle del Bravo]]. The population of the town joined with the insurgency in 1810 and many fought against royalist general Juan Bautista de la Torre as part of [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla|Miguel Hidalgo]]’s army. In return, the village asked for legal title to the land on which it sits, as the La Gavia Hacienda still made claims here.<ref name="encmuc"/>
The first Spanish families moved here only in the early 19th century. At this time the village was also known as Amanalco de las Cucharas (spoons) as it was noted to the manufacture of spoons. The village and surrounding area became a municipality in 1826. The village supported the Play de Ayutla in 1854. In 1858, liberal General [[Felipe Berriozábal]] came through here on his way to Mexico City, fighting against conservative guerrilla forces.<ref name="encmuc"/>
The village was declared a town in 1875 and added “de Becerra” to the name after José María Becerra. Becerra was a parish priest here in the mid-19th century. He worked here for over twenty years, instructing natives on carpentry, introduced potable water and building houses which were donated to families in the municipality. He died in 1868 in what is now [[Valle de Bravo]], but his remains were brought back to Amanalco and buried in the parish church. He is considered to be a protector of the community.<ref name="encmuc"/>
During the [[Porfirio Díaz]] period (1880s to 1910), the La Gavia Hacienda again made claims on the land of the municipality and eventually took over the economic life of the town, with almost all the inhabitants working for the hacienda for little pay.  For this reason, the residents joined the forces of Andrés Fabila during the [[Mexican Revolution]], who were aligned with the [[Liberation Army of the South|Zapatistas]]. However, the town was destroyed by Zapatista forces under Carmen Esquivel during the war. This left the municipality without a local government for several years. By 1919, steps had been taken to reconstruct the municipal seat under the direction of Alfonso Fabila, with the first post war municipal president being José Avila. However, the war had the effect of returning lands seized by the La Gavia Hacienda back to the indigenous and [[mestizo]] peoples of the municipality and the formation of ejidos. Reconstruction of the seat would continue until the mid-20th century. La Gavia was dispossessed under the government of [[Lázaro Cárdenas]] in the 1930s.<ref name="encmuc"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mexico State}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places in the State of Mexico]]
[[Category:Otomi settlements]]