View source for Amapá

{{Short description|State of Brazil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name               = Amapá
| official_name      =
| native_name        =
| native_name_lang   = pt<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. -->
| settlement_type    = [[Federative units of Brazil|State]]
| image_skyline      =
| image_alt          =
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         = Bandeira do Amapá.svg
| flag_link          = Flag of Amapá
| flag_alt           =
| image_shield       = Brasão do Amapá.svg
| shield_alt         =
| nickname           =
| motto              =
| anthem             = [[:pt:Hino do Amapá|Hino do Amapá]]
| image_map          = Amapa in Brazil.svg
| map_alt            =
| coordinates        = {{Coord|1|N|52|W|type:adm1st_region:BR-AP|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Brazil}}
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1 January 1991
| founder            =
| seat_type          = [[Capital city|Capital]] and largest city
| seat               = [[Macapá]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party       =
| leader_title       = [[List of current state governors in Brazil|Governor]]
| leader_name        = Clécio Luís ([[Solidarity (Brazil)|Solidarity]])
| leader_title1      = Vice Governor
| leader_name1       = Antônio Teles Jr. ([[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]])
| leader_title2      = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senators]]
| leader_name2       = [[Davi Alcolumbre]] ([[Brazil Union|UNIÃO]])<br>Lucas Barreto ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]])<br>[[Randolfe Rodrigues]] ([[Sustainability Network|REDE]])
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     =
| area_total_km2     = 142,814.585
| area_rank          = [[Federative units of Brazil#List|18th]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_max_m    = 681
| elevation_max_point = [[Massif du Mitaraka]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>
| population_total   = 733759
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_rank    = [[Federative units of Brazil#List|26th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[Federative units of Brazil#List|23rd]]
| population_demonym = Amapaense
| population_note    =
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="bge">{{Cite web |title=PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html|website=ibge.gov.br}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = [[Brazilian real|R$]] 20.1 billion<br />([[US$]] 3.7 billion)
| demographics_type2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics2_title1 = Year
| demographics2_info1 = 2021
| demographics2_title2 = Category
| demographics2_info2 = 0.688<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022. |url=http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.atlasbrasil.org.br}}</ref> – <span style="color:orange">medium</span> ([[list of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index|25th]])
| timezone1          = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset1        = −03:00
| timezone1_DST      =
| utc_offset1_DST    =
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:BR|BR-AP]]
| postal_code_type   = Postal Code
| postal_code        = 68900-000 to 68999-000
| website            = [http://www.ap.gov.br/ AP.gov.br]
| footnotes          =
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Brazil|License Plate Letter Sequence]]
| registration_plate = NEI to NFB, QLN to QLT, SAK to SAO, TGO to TGQ
}}
'''Amapá''' ({{IPA|pt|amaˈpa||Pt-br_Amapá.ogg}}) is one of the 26 [[federative units of Brazil|states]] of [[Brazil]]. It is in the [[North Region, Brazil|North Region of Brazil]]. It is [[Federative units of Brazil#List|the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area]]. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by [[French Guiana]] to the north for 730 km, the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the east for 578 km, [[Pará]] to the south and west, and [[Suriname]] to the northwest for 63 km. The capital and largest city is [[Macapá]]. The state has 0.4% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for only 0.22% of the Brazilian [[gross domestic product|GDP]].
In the colonial period the region was called '''Portuguese Guiana''' and was part of [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]]'s [[State of Brazil]]. Later, the region was distinguished from the other [[The Guianas|Guianas]]. Amapá was once part of Pará, but became a separate territory in 1943, and the decision to make it a state was made in 1988.<ref name="b"/> The first state legislators took office on 1 January 1991.
The dominant feature of the region, and 90 percent of its total area, is the [[Amazon rainforest]]. Unexplored forests occupy 70 percent of Amapá, and [[Tumucumaque Mountains National Park]], established in 2002, is the largest tropical forest park in the world. The mouth of the [[Oyapock River|River Oiapoque]] is the northern end of Brazil's coastline.
==History==
During the colonial era from 1637 to 1654 the Amapá region was merged into the Captaincy of Pará, which was the [[Captaincy of Cabo de Norte]].<ref name="p"/> In the early colonial period the Amapá region was a rich source of [[wood|lumber]], [[resin]]s, [[annatto]], vegetable oils, and [[salted fish]], all of which were exported to Europe. The French established [[sugarcane]] plantations in this period.
[[File:Visata de dentro da Fortaleza de São José de Macapá.JPG|thumb|left|[[São José de Macapá]]]]
With the discovery of mineral deposits the Amapá region was invaded by the [[British colonization of the Americas|British]] and [[Dutch colonization of the Americas|Dutch]], who were ultimately repelled by the [[Portuguese colonization of the Americas|Portuguese]].<ref name="p"/> The [[Treaty of Utrecht]] in 1713 established the boundaries between the [[Colonial Brazil|colony of Brazil]] and [[French Guiana]], but these were not respected by the French. A fort was constructed at [[São José de Macapá]], in present-day Macapá, as a base of Portuguese power in the region.<ref name="p"/> In the 18th century, France retook control of the area. This international dispute continued until 1900.
The discovery of [[gold]] and the increasing value of [[Natural rubber|rubber]] on the international market during the 19th century increased the Portuguese population of Amapá, bringing the dispute with France to a head. Although French settlers had established the [[Republic of Independent Guyana]] (1886–1891), Brazil challenged the Amapá claim through international arbitration in Geneva on 1 December 1900, which was found in favour of Brazil. It was subsequently incorporated into the state of [[Pará]], as ''Araguari'' after the [[Araguari River (Amapá)|Araguari River]] and in 1943 this became the federal [[territory]] of Amapá.
The discovery of rich [[manganese]] deposits in [[Serra do Navio]] in 1945 revolutionized the local economy. Manganese remains the largest source of revenue in the state.<ref name="p"/> Amapá's move to statehood was made on 5 October 1988, at the time of the promulgation of the new [[Constitution of Brazil|Brazilian Constitution]], with the first state legislators taking office at the start of 1991.
==Geography==
<gallery>
File:Floresta Nacional do Amapá César Favacho (25).jpg|[[Amapá National Forest]]
File:Monte Karupina, Terra Indígena Uaçá.jpg|Karupina mountain in the Uaçá Indigenous Territory, Amapá, Brazil.
</gallery>
The State of Amapá possesses the lowest rate of loss of its original vegetation for any Brazilian state, estimated at only 2%. Most of the Amapá territory is covered with [[rainforest]], while the remaining areas are covered with [[savannah]] and [[plain]]s. On the Amapá coast, almost intact beaches mix with swamps, creating the largest representation of this biome in Brazil. This mixture of salt and fresh water is perfect for the food chain reproduction of several animal species. Pollution, however, is now a chronic problem in the state of Amapá. Mercury, which is used in the extraction of gold, is widely found in water sources and sewage systems in the population centers of Amapá.<ref name="p"/>
===Nature===
To protect the natural resources of the state, there are, as of 2016, 12 [[protected area]]s and five [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|indigenous territories]] covering {{convert|10,476,117|ha}}, or 72% of the state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tamburelli|first=Gianfranco|title=Legal Systems for the Management of Protected Areas in Italy and Ukraine: The Experiences of the Lazio and Kyiv Regions
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5P5D4I1I8p4C&pg=PA39|year=2008|publisher=Giuffrè Editore|isbn=978-88-14-14368-7|page=40|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Amapá Biodiversity Corridor]] has been established in 2003 to provide integrated management for the conservation area.<ref>{{cite book|title=Corredor de Biodiversidade do Amapá Biodiversity Corridor|publisher=CI-Brasil, Governo do Amapá, Fundação Lee & Gund|location=Belém |year=2007 |url=http://www.conservation.org/global/brasil/publicacoes/Documents/Amapa%20FINAL.pdf|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> The most important protected areas are the [[Tumucumaque Mountains National Park]] located in the west of the state, and the [[Cabo Orange National Park]] located near the coast. The Tumucumaque Mountains National Park is the world's largest tropical forest [[national park]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil creates largest rainforest reserve|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2210914.stm|access-date=23 August 2015|work=BBC News|date=5 April 2021}}</ref> The Cabo Orange National Park contains flooded grasslands and [[mangrove forest]]s which are important fish nurseries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2190 |title=Cabo Orange National Park |website=Ramsar|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
===Climate===
[[File:Amapá Köppen.svg|thumb|center|120px|Köppen map for Amapá]]
Most of Amapá has a [[Tropical monsoon climate]], a [[tropical climate]] with a short [[dry season]] and heavy rainfall for the majority of the year. In the [[Köppen climate classification]], it is classified under the letters ''Am''. [[Tropical rainforest]] is the natural vegetation, and also provides the [[Tropical rainforest climate|other climate type]] located in the state.
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title    = Race and ethnicity in Amapá
|width    = 287px
|titlebar = #ddd
|left1  = Ethnicity
|right1 = Percentage
|float  = left
|bars   =
{{bar percent|[[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]])|#009000|65.3}}
{{bar percent|[[White Brazilian|White]]|blue|21.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Black Brazilian|Black]]|#9955BB|11.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]]|red|1.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Asian Brazilian|Asian]]|yellow|0.1}}
}}{{Historical populations|21=1950|22=37477|23=1960|24=68889|25=1970|26=116480|27=1980|28=180078|29=1991|30=288690|31=2000|32=477032|33=2010|34=669526|35=2022|36=733759|percentages=|footnote=Source:<ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>}}According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], there were 733,759 people residing in the state, with a population density of 5.1/km<sup>2</sup>. The population of Amapá is highly urbanized, with 93.7% of the population residing primarily in Macapá and [[Santana, Amapá|Santana]].<ref name="a" /> [[Population growth]]: 5.7% (1991–2000); [[House]]s: 144,000 (2006).
During the 2022 census, 65.3% identified as [[Pardo Brazilian|Pardo]] (multiracial), 21.4% as [[White Brazilians]], 11.8% as [[Black Brazilians]] and 1.4% as [[Indigenous people in Brazil|Indigenous]]. The remaining 0.1% are [[Asian Brazilians|Asians]] and undeclared.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref>
The majority of the residents of Amapá live in poverty. According to the [[Fundação Getulio Vargas]] (FGV) 36.56% of the population live on only R$79 per month, which the foundation considers below a decent standard of living.<ref name="p"/>
=== Religion ===
According to data obtained by the IBGE in the 2010 Brazilian Census, 64% of Amapá residents are Roman Catholics, 28% are evangelicals (Protestants) and 6% do not profess any religion. The other faiths added together add up to 2% of the population.<ref> «Pesquisa». IBGE. 2010. Consultado em 30 de setembro de 2021 </ref>
The Catholic Church comprises the Diocese of Macapá (1949) a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Belém de Pará, under Bishop Pedro José Conti (2004) with 27 parishes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dmaca.html | title=Macapá (Diocese) &#91;Catholic-Hierarchy&#93; }}</ref>
=== Municipalities ===
{{Largest cities
|country     = Amapá
|stat_ref    = (2010 census by the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]])<ref name="IBGE_Pop_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2011/POP2011_DOU.pdf|title=Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011|trans-title=Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011|date=30 August 2011|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]]|access-date=31 August 2011|language=pt}}</ref>
|list_by_pop =
|div_name    = Mesoregion
|div_link    =
|city_1 = Macapá
|div_1  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_1  = 407,023
|img_1  = Noite em Macapá AP.jpg
|city_2 = Santana, Amapá{{!}}Santana
|div_2  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_2  = 102,860
|img_2  = Porto de Santana, Amapá.jpg
|city_3 = Laranjal do Jari
|div_3  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_3  = 40,819
|img_3  = Parque Laranjal do Jari.JPG
|city_4 = Oiapoque
|div_4  = Mesoregion of Norte do Amapá{{!}}Norte
|pop_4  = 21,094
|img_4  = Oiapoque2.jpg
|city_5 = Mazagão
|div_5  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_5  = 17,419
|img_5  =
|city_6 = Porto Grande
|div_6  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_6  = 17,252
|img_6  =
|city_7 = Tartarugalzinho
|div_7  = Mesoregion of Norte do Amapá{{!}}Norte
|pop_7  = 12,981
|img_7  =
|city_8 = Vitória do Jari
|div_8  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_8  = 12,725
|img_8  =
|city_9 = Pedra Branca do Amapari
|div_9  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_9  = 11,291
|img_9  =
|city_10 = Calçoene
|div_10  = Mesoregion of Norte do Amapá{{!}}Norte
|pop_10  = 9,174
|img_10  =
|city_11 = Amapá (city){{!}}Amapá
|div_11  = Mesoregion of Norte do Amapá{{!}}Norte
|pop_11  = 8,142
|img_11  =
|city_12 = Ferreira Gomes
|div_12  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_12  = 5,974
|img_12  =
|city_13 = Cutias
|div_13  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_13  = 4,805
|img_13  =
|city_14 = Serra do Navio
|div_14  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_14  = 4,463
|img_14  =
|city_15 = Itaubal
|div_15  = Mesoregion of Sul do Amapá{{!}}Sul
|pop_15  = 4,370
|img_15  =
|city_16 = Pracuuba
|div_16  = Mesoregion of Norte do Amapá{{!}}Norte
|pop_16  = 3,909
|img_16  =
|city_17 =
|div_17  =
|pop_17  =
|img_17  =
|city_18 =
|div_18  =
|pop_18  =
|img_18  =
|city_19 =
|div_19  =
|pop_19  =
|img_19  =
|city_20 =
|div_20  =
|pop_20  =
|img_20  =
}}
=== Indigenous population ===
[[File:Dia do Índio no Manga Amapá Brazil.jpg|thumb|Celebration of [[Indian Day (Brazil)|Indian Day]] in [[Manga, Amapá|Manga]]]]
The [[Amerindians]] tribes in Amapá are located in the north near the [[Oiapoque River]], and in the east in the Wayampi Indigenous Territory. All the [[Indigenous territories (Brazil)|indigenous territories]] in Amapá have been demarcated. The tribes living in Amapá are the [[Galibi do Oiapoque]], the [[Karipuna do Amapá]], the [[Palikur]], the [[Wayampi]] and the [[Galibi Marwono]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://terrasindigenas.org.br/pt-br/noticia/60143 |title=Índios do Amapá|website=Terras Indigenas|access-date=6 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref>
The region around the [[Amazon River]] used to support a large population of Amerindians during the [[pre-Columbian]] era.<ref>{{cite book|url= |author=Charles R. Clement|title=The domestication of Amazonia before European conquest|year=2015|publisher=The Royal Society Publishing |chapter=4|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=282|issue=1812|doi=10.1098/rspb.2015.0813|pmid=26202998|pmc=4528512}}</ref> The policy of the Portuguese monarchy was to engage in war in order to clear them from the land.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/ethnohistory/article/65/4/537/135684/Rethinking-Amerindian-Spaces-in-Brazilian-History |author= Mark Harris and Silvia Espelt-Bombin |title=Rethinking Amerindian Spaces in Brazilian History|year=2018| journal=Ethnohistory|volume=65 |issue= 4 |pages= 537–547 |doi=10.1215/00141801-6991187|doi-access=free|hdl=10023/16408|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The [[Cabanagem]] Revolt in the 1830s, resulted in the final dispersal of the Amerindians along the Amazon.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Anonby |first1=Stan|year=2007|title=A report on the creoles of Amapá |journal=Journal of Language Survey Reports|url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9041 |page=7}}</ref>
===Education===
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. [[French language|French]] is the second language taught in every school due to the proximity of [[French Guiana]]. A Creole language called [[Lanc-Patuá creole|Lanc-Patuá]] is spoken among some of the people.
====Educational institutions====
* [[Universidade Federal do Amapá]] (Unifap) (Federal University of Amapá)
* Universidade Estadual do Amapá (UEAP) (Amapá State University)
* Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP) (Amapá Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology)
* Centro de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Ceap)
* Instituto de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Iesap)
* Instituto Macapaense de Ensino Superior (IMMES)
* Faculdade Seama (Seama College)
==Economy==
The [[service sector]] is the largest component of [[GDP]] at 87.6%, followed by the [[industrial sector]] at 7.8%. [[Agriculture]] represents 4.6% of [[GDP]] (2004). Amapá exports: [[wood]] 75.5%, [[ore]]s 18.7%, [[heart of palm]] 5.5% (2002). The state, which has 0.4% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for only 0.22% of the Brazilian [[GDP]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Camargo |first=Sophia |date=2019-12-15 |title=Descubra quais são os 15 Estados mais ricos do Brasil |url=http://noticias.r7.com/prisma/o-que-e-que-eu-faco-sophia/descubra-quais-sao-os-15-estados-mais-ricos-do-brasil-15122019 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=R7 |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=100 maiores PIBs da agropecuária |url=https://www.terra.com.br/economia/infograficos/pib-estados/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Terra |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cidades e Estados |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Projeção da população do Brasil e das Unidades da Federação |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/apps/populacao/projecao/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística}}</ref>
== Transport ==
[[File:Estado-do-Amapa-Mapa-Escolar-IBGE-Brasil.pdf|thumb|300px|Main transport infrastructure in 2018]]
===International Airport===
The main airport of the state is [[Macapá International Airport]]. On 12 April 2019 a new terminal was opened replacing an older facility. Following its closure, the old terminal was demolished to make room for an enlarged apron which was completed by 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chicoterra.com/2019/04/11/infraero-entrega-novo-aeroporto-de-macapa/ | title=Infraero entrega novo aeroporto de Macapá | publisher=Amazônia Brasil Rádio Web | date=11 April 2019 | accessdate=5 April 2021 | language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://g1.globo.com/ap/amapa/noticia/2019/04/11/apos-15-anos-de-obras-e-paralisacoes-novo-aeroporto-de-macapa-sera-inaugurado.ghtml | title=Após 15 anos de obras e paralizações novo aeroporto de Macapá será inaugurado | publisher=G1 | date=11 April 2019 | accessdate=5 April 2021 | language=Portuguese}}</ref>
===Highways===
There are two federal highways in Amapá: [[BR-156]] connects [[Laranjal do Jari]], [[Macapá]] and [[Oiapoque]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.transportes.gov.br/bit/02-rodo/3-loc-rodo/loc-rodo/br-156/gbr-156.htm |title=BR-156 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912233518/http://www2.transportes.gov.br/bit/02-rodo/3-loc-rodo/loc-rodo/br-156/gbr-156.htm |access-date=5 April 2021|archive-date=12 September 2012 |language=pt}}</ref> The highway is connected to the road network of [[French Guiana]] via the [[Oyapock River Bridge]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/pont-oyapock-inaugure-officiellement-ouvert-circulation-454519.html |title=Le pont de l'Oyapock inauguré et officiellement ouvert à la circulation |website=France TV Info|access-date=5 April 2021|language=fr}}</ref> [[BR-210]] connects Macapá with [[Serra do Navio]].<ref name="amapa">{{cite web|url=https://www.portal.ap.gov.br/conheca/serra-do-navio |title=Serra do Navio|website=Government of Amapá|access-date=3 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref> It is supposed to be extended all the way to the border with [[Colombia]] in [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]]; however, as of 2021, it ends in the Wayampi Indigenous Territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/download/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais/rodovias-transversais.pdf |title=Rodovias Transversais|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> An important state road is the AP-010 which connects Macapá with [[Santana, Amapá|Santana]] and [[Mazagão Velho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diariodoamapa.com.br/cadernos/cidades/obra-da-rodovia-ap-010-fortalece-setor-primario-e-turistico-em-mazagao/ |title=Obra da Rodovia AP-010 fortalece setor primário e turístico em Mazagão |website=Diário do Amapá |access-date=5 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref>
There are no road connections to other Brazilian states. In [[Laranjal do Jari]] there is a ferry to [[Monte Dourado]] in [[Pará]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://globoplay.globo.com/v/7007687/ |title=Balsa que faz travessia de laranjal do Jari para Monte Dourado está quebrada, no AP |website=Globo|access-date=2 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref> In [[Port Santana]], there is a ferry to [[Belém]], Pará.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://selesnafes.com/2020/01/maior-balsa-do-brasil-comeca-a-operar-no-amapa/ |title=Maior balsa do Brasil começa a operar no Amapá|website=Seles Nafes|access-date=5 April 2020|language=pt}}</ref>
===Ports and harbours===
There is a small port in Macapá; however, it is not suitable for cargo traffic.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fleetmon.com/ports/macapa_brmcp_14031/|title=Macapa |website=Fleet Mon|access-date=5 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref> The main harbour is the [[Port of Santana]] which is also used for international cargo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docasdesantana.com.br/index.php/o-porto |title=O Porto |website=Docas De Santana|access-date=5 April 2021|language=pt}}</ref>
==Flag==
{{See also|Flag of Amapá}}
The flag was adopted by Decree No. 8 of 23 April 1984. The blue represents the sky over Amapá and justice, the green represents the native rainforest, and the yellow represents the Union and its natural resources. The black stands for the deceased who worked for the state, and the white for the will of the state to live in peace and stability. The symbol on the [[Glossary of vexillology|hoist-side]] represents the Fortress of São José, out of which the state capital grew.<ref name="f"/>
Before 1984, the state had a red-white-red flag, based on the flag of [[Pará]], and similar to the [[flag of Peru]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Estado do Amapá|url = http://www.vexilologia.com.br/ap.html|website = www.vexilologia.com.br (in Portuguese)|access-date = 2016-01-05|archive-date = 4 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071234/http://www.vexilologia.com.br/ap.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{Portal|Brazil}}
* [[Brazil]]
* [[Calçoene]] - Amapá town, site of pre-colonial observatory
* [[List of municipalities in Amapá]]
* [[List of governors of Amapá]]
* [[Eletrobras]]
* [[Central Market of Macapá]]
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="a">{{cite web | url = http://www.ap.gov.br/pagina.asp?id_pagina=70 | title = Perfil do Estado | year = 2015 | publisher = Governo do Estado do Amapá | location = Macapá | access-date = 2015-02-02 | language = pt | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225206/http://www.ap.gov.br/pagina.asp?id_pagina=70 | archive-date = 2015-02-02 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="b">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | title = Amapá | url = https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18466/Amapa | access-date = 2015-02-02 | year = 2015 | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.}}</ref>
<ref name="f">{{cite web | url = http://www.ap.gov.br/pagina.asp?id_pagina=58 | title = Símbolos do Estado | year = 2015 | publisher = Governo do Estado do Amapá | location = Macapá | access-date = 2015-02-02 | language = pt | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150202235434/http://www.ap.gov.br/pagina.asp?id_pagina=58 | archive-date = 2015-02-02 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="p">{{cite book | last = Presser | first = Margaret | title = Pequeña enciclopédia para descobrir o Brasil | publisher = Editora Senac Rio | location = Rio de Janeiro | year = 2006 | isbn = 8587864742 | pages = 26–29}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Amapá|Amapá}}
*{{in lang|pt}} [https://www.portal.ap.gov.br/ Official Website]
{{Municipalities of Amapá}}
{{States_of Brazil}}
{{Brazil topics}}
{{The Guianas}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amapá}}
[[Category:Amapá| ]]
[[Category:Federative units of Brazil]]
[[Category:North Region, Brazil|*]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1988]]
[[Category:The Guianas]]