View source for Amnesia: The Dark Descent

{{Short description|2010 video game}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox video game
| title      = Amnesia: The Dark Descent
| image      = Amnesia-The-Dark-Descent-Cover-Art.png
| developer  = [[Frictional Games]]
| publisher  = Frictional Games
| designer   = {{Unbulleted list|Thomas Grip|Jens Nilsson}}
| programmer = {{Unbulleted list|Thomas Grip|Luis A. Rodero Morales}}
| writer     = {{Unbulleted list|Mikael Hedberg|Thomas Grip}}
| composer   = [[Mikko Tarmia]]
| engine     = [[Frictional Games#Technology|HPL Engine 2]]
| platforms  = {{Unbulleted list|[[Linux]]|[[macOS|Mac OS X]]|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]|[[Nintendo Switch]]}}
| released   = {{Unbulleted list|'''Linux''', '''OS X''', '''Windows'''|September 8, 2010|'''PlayStation 4'''|November 22, 2016|'''Xbox One'''|September 28, 2018|'''Nintendo Switch'''|September 12, 2019|}}
| genre      = [[Survival horror]], [[adventure game|adventure]]
| modes      = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]]
}}
'''''Amnesia: The Dark Descent''''' is a 2010 [[survival horror]]<ref name="gamespot1">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/978772-amnesia-the-dark-descent/ |quote=Age rating=Pegi 16, M for mature |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent for PC |publisher=GameRankings |access-date=5 February 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014131745/http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/978772-amnesia-the-dark-descent/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[adventure game]] developed and published by [[Frictional Games]].<ref name="game" /> It was first released on September 8, 2010, for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[macOS|Mac OS X]] and [[Linux]]. The game follows Daniel, who must explore the dark and foreboding Castle Brennenburg, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and unsettling events.<ref name="eurogamerpreview">[http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/amnesia-hands-on?page=1 Amnesia: The Dark Descent – PC Hands On] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911061848/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/amnesia-hands-on?page=1 |date=11 September 2010 }} [[Eurogamer]], 25 July 2010.</ref> It became a critical and commercial success, earning three awards at the [[Independent Games Festival]], and was cited as one of the most "influential games of the decade" by [[The Washington Post]].<ref name="igfawards">{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/03/03/indie-rock-2011-igf-winners-announced/ |title=Indie Rock: 2011 IGF Winners Announced |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909023619/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/03/03/indie-rock-2011-igf-winners-announced/ |archive-date=9 September 2014 |website=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |date=3 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Gene |last=Park |first2=Elise |last2=Favis |first3=Mikhail |last3=Klimentov |date=December 19, 2019 |title=The most influential games of the decade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/video-games/influential-games-of-the-decade/ |access-date=December 19, 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
Originally self-published via [[online distribution]], the game later received retail releases by [[1C Company]] in Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as [[THQ]] in North America.<ref>[http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/99 1C-SoftClub/Snowball to publish Amnesia: The Dark Descent in Russia & Eastern Europe] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620073037/http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/99 |date=20 June 2017}} Frictional Games, 3 May 2010 (Article by Jens Nilsson)</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chalk |first=Andy |url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/107807-Amnesia-The-Dark-Descent-Coming-to-Retail |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent Coming to Retail |publisher=The Escapist |date=16 February 2011 |access-date=25 March 2011 |archive-date=29 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729040933/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/107807-Amnesia-The-Dark-Descent-Coming-to-Retail |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Richard |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/02/16/amnesia-the-dark-descent-gets-put-in-a-retail-box/ |title=THQ places Amnesia: The Dark Descent in a retail box |publisher=Joystiq |date=16 February 2011 |access-date=25 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221085717/http://www.joystiq.com/2011/02/16/amnesia-the-dark-descent-gets-put-in-a-retail-box/ |archive-date=21 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, an expansion titled ''Amnesia: Justine'', alongside a collection of five short stories set in the world of the game, written by Mikael Hedberg and illustrated by the game's concept artists, were made available.<ref name="justine">{{cite web |url=http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/04/amnesia-dark-descent-gets-free.html |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent gets a free expansion! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422203720/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/04/amnesia-dark-descent-gets-free.html |archive-date=22 April 2016 |website=In the Games of Madness: Official Blog of Frictional Games |date=12 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="LGN-Article">{{cite web |url=http://linuxgamingnews.org/2011/05/17/amnesia-justine-now-available-to-everyone/ |first=Maxim |last=Bardin |title=Amnesia: Justine – Now Available To Everyone |date=17 November 2010 |publisher=Linux Gaming News |access-date=18 May 2011 |archive-date=22 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522091131/http://linuxgamingnews.org/2011/05/17/amnesia-justine-now-available-to-everyone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, many [[Fan labor|fan-made]] [[video game modding|mods]] were released throughout the years.
''The Dark Descent'' was followed by ''[[Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs]]'' (2013), an indirect sequel developed by [[The Chinese Room]]. The ''Amnesia Collection'' – containing ''The Dark Descent'', its ''Justine'' expansion and ''A Machine for Pigs'' – was released for [[PlayStation 4]] on November 22, 2016, for [[Xbox One]] on September 28, 2018, and for [[Nintendo Switch]] on September 12, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=SICKR |title=Amnesia Collection out today on Nintendo Switch |url=https://mynintendonews.com/2019/09/12/amnesia-collection-out-today-on-nintendo-switch/ |access-date=8 November 2020 |work=My Nintendo News |date=12 September 2019 |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415232437/https://mynintendonews.com/2019/09/12/amnesia-collection-out-today-on-nintendo-switch/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Gameplay==
[[File:Amnesia The Dark Descent screenshot.jpg|thumb|left|Daniel is chased by a Grunt, one of several monsters encountered in the castle.]]
''Amnesia: The Dark Descent'' is a [[first-person (video gaming)|first-person]] [[adventure game]] with [[survival horror]] elements. The player takes control of Daniel, who must navigate Castle Brennenburg while avoiding various dangers and solving puzzles. The gameplay retains the physical object interaction used in the [[Penumbra (video game series)|''Penumbra'' series]], allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fixing machinery.<ref name="eurogamerpreview" /> Smaller items can be stored in an inventory menu, while larger objects can be raised by holding down a mouse button and pushing or pulling the mouse. Objects such as doors or levers can be manipulated by using the mouse in a fashion that imitates moving the said object. The difficulty level can be adjusted before starting the game, but cannot be readjusted once the game has begun.
In addition to a health indicator, Daniel's [[sanity]] must be managed, centered around an "afraid of darkness" mechanic. According to designer Thomas Grip, "the idea was basically that the darkness itself should be an enemy."<ref name="The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia">[http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/features/9011-The-Terrifying-Tale-of-Amnesia The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803130049/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/features/9011-The-Terrifying-Tale-of-Amnesia |date=3 August 2011 }} [[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]; 12 July 2011 (Article by Thomas Grip)</ref> Sanity is reduced by staying in the dark for too long, witnessing unsettling events or looking directly at monsters. Low sanity causes visual and auditory hallucinations and an increased chance of attracting monsters, while its complete depletion results in a temporary drop in mobility, or death in higher difficulties. Light sources help restore sanity, and if none are available, Daniel may use tinderboxes to ignite candles and torches or deploy an oil-burning lantern. However, the number of tinderboxes and the amount of oil available are both limited, even more so in higher difficulties.
If a monster sees Daniel, it will chase him until he evades its sight. Daniel has no means of fighting monsters, so he must either avoid being seen or run away. Daniel can withstand only a few attacks from a monster before he dies, which will cause the most recent save of the game to load. The player can restore Daniel's health by using [[laudanum]] found throughout the game. The player can hinder monsters by closing doors and building barricades from nearby objects. However, monsters can destroy doors and knock over objects. Hiding in dark areas where monsters will not notice Daniel is also effective, but will decrease Daniel's sanity. In higher difficulties, the monsters will move faster, deal more damage and search for Daniel for longer periods of time.
==Plot==
On 19 August 1839, a young man awakens in the dark and empty halls of Brennenburg Castle in [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] with no memory about himself or his past.<ref name="game">[http://www.amnesiagame.com/#game ''Amnesia: The Dark Descent'' – Game Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922045609/http://www.amnesiagame.com/#game |date=22 September 2010 }} Frictional Games</ref> All he can remember is that his name is Daniel, that he lives in [[Mayfair]], and that someone or something is hunting him.<ref>[http://www.tgdb.nl/computer/specials/8614-interview-frictional-games.html Interview With Frictional Games – ''Penumbra''/''Amnesia'' (Tgdb.nl)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520033709/http://www.tgdb.nl/computer/specials/8614-interview-frictional-games.html |date=20 May 2010}} Tgdb Entertainment, 15 May 2010</ref><ref>[http://news.bigdownload.com/2010/06/19/e3-2010-we-talk-with-frictional-games-about-amnesia-the-dark-d/ E3 2010: We talk with Frictional Games about ''Amnesia: The Dark Descent''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623001802/http://news.bigdownload.com/2010/06/19/e3-2010-we-talk-with-frictional-games-about-amnesia-the-dark-d/ |date=23 June 2010 }} Big Download, 19 June 2010</ref> Shortly after regaining consciousness, Daniel finds a note he wrote to himself, which informs him that he has deliberately erased his own memory and is being hunted by a "Shadow", an unearthly presence that manifests itself through fleshy, acidic growths spreading throughout the castle. The note instructs Daniel to descend into the Inner Sanctum of the castle in order to find and kill its [[baron]], Alexander.
As he makes his way through the castle, Daniel gradually learns both about its mysteries and about his own past, through notes and diaries he finds as well as through sudden flashbacks and visions. The origin of his situation is a mysterious orb that he recovered from the [[Tin Hinan Tomb]] in [[French Algeria|Algeria]], which unleashed the Shadow. Each of the experts he contacted and consulted in person about the orb was later found gruesomely dismembered. Disturbed by this, Daniel desperately exhausted all archaeological leads into strange orbs until contacted by Alexander, who summoned him to Brennenburg. There, Alexander informed him that the Shadow was slowly stalking him, killing everyone he came into contact with, and will not stop until it kills him as well. Alexander promised a means of repelling the Shadow by ritualistically coating the orb with a "vitae" substance, which could only be harvested from living humans experiencing extreme pain and agony. However, Alexander's true purpose is to use Daniel's vitae-enriched orb to return to his native dimension, from which he was banished centuries prior. To achieve this end, Alexander and Daniel gathered vitae by torturing prisoners in the castle dungeons, many of whom were innocent people that Alexander claimed to be murderous criminals.
To maximize the production of vitae, the victims were forced to consume a potion that induced amnesia, so that they could never grow accustomed to their torment. Unbeknownst to Daniel, application of vitae to the orb only served to further enrage the Shadow in addition to briefly repelling it; he had been doomed from the start. Increasingly desperate to escape the impending Shadow, Daniel became sadistic in his attempts to harvest vitae, and accidentally killed two escaping prisoners, a mother and her young daughter, in a fit of rage. Following the final ritual, Alexander sensed Daniel's guilt and declining faith in him and left him for dead as a result. Realizing how Alexander had manipulated him, Daniel swore revenge and consumed an amnesia potion in order to overcome his paralyzing guilt.
As Daniel nears the Inner Sanctum, he encounters [[Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa]], a man who had once studied the orbs with his student [[Johann Weyer]] and has since been kept alive and imprisoned by Alexander, due to his extensive knowledge on the subject. He tells Daniel that Weyer has been able to harness the power of the orbs to travel between dimensions, and instructs him in finding the shattered pieces of what used to be his own orb, which is needed to breach the Inner Sanctum. Agrippa also asks Daniel to take with him his head, which can be severed alive using a tonic invented by Weyer, and throw it into the inter-dimensional portal after Alexander opens it.
Once Daniel enters the Inner Sanctum, he finds Alexander preparing to open the portal. From here, there are three possible endings:
* If the player does nothing, Alexander enters the portal, leaving Daniel to be killed by the Shadow and descends into darkness, while Alexander tells him his sacrifice will be forever celebrated.
* If the player prevents the portal from opening by knocking over its support columns, the Shadow kills Alexander and spares Daniel, allowing him to leave the castle content with his redemption.
* If the player throws Agrippa's head into the portal, the Shadow kills both Alexander and Daniel. In the darkness, Agrippa assures Daniel that everything will be alright, calling upon Weyer to help him.
===''Amnesia: Justine''===
The player takes control of an unnamed woman, who awakens with amnesia in a dungeon cell. A phonograph in the cell contains a recording by a woman named Justine, who tells the unnamed woman that she is the subject of a psychological test. The woman must overcome three puzzles to escape the dungeon. In each, she has the option of simply abandoning the puzzle and walking away, but doing so will cause an innocent victim to die. She is also pursued by the Suitors, three monstrous characters who turn out to be Justine's former paramours, now twisted by physical and psychological torture. After surviving the puzzle sections, the woman discovers a phonograph dangling from the ceiling, which causes the walls of the chamber to close in and threaten to crush the woman. She passes out, but awakens unharmed and begins to congratulate herself, revealing that the woman is Justine herself, who staged the entire experiment to see if she still had any compassion for humanity within herself. The ending sequence's dialogue differs depending on the number of people Justine had rescued.
==Development==
Work began on the game while ''[[Penumbra: Requiem]]'' was still being developed, with the company working on both projects at the same time.<ref>[http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2009/02/17/interview-frictional-games-on-penumbra-and-the-future/ Frictional Games On Penumbra And The Future] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111225727/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2009/02/17/interview-frictional-games-on-penumbra-and-the-future/ |date=11 November 2010 }} Rock, Paper Shotgun, 17 February 2009</ref> The game was first known under two working titles: ''Unknown'' and ''Lux Tenebras''. It was not until 3 November 2009 that it was announced as its current title, ''Amnesia'', and 13 November with the release of the game's website and a game trailer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluesnews.com/cgi-bin/board.pl?action=viewstory&threadid=104320 |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent Revealed |publisher=Blue's News |date=14 November 2009 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamershell.com/news_87098.html |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent Trailer |publisher=GamersHell |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=25 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009161339/http://www.gamershell.com/news_87098.html |archive-date=9 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game, with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial title ''[[Penumbra: Overture]]''. The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however, and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out by ''Overture''{{'}}s sequel ''[[Penumbra: Black Plague]]''.<ref>[http://linuxgamingnews.org/2009/11/25/interview-with-frictional-games-amnesia/ Interview With Frictional Games – Amnesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820032040/http://linuxgamingnews.org/2009/11/25/interview-with-frictional-games-amnesia/ |date=20 August 2011 }} Linux Gaming News, 25 November 2009</ref>
On 5 February 2010, it was announced that the game had reached the alpha stage of development on all platforms.<ref>[http://www.linuxgames.com/archives/14762 Amnesia: The Dark Descent goes alpha] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211155424/http://www.linuxgames.com/archives/14762|date=11 February 2010}} [[LinuxGames]], 7 February 2010</ref><ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/02/alpha-beginning-of-end.html Alpha – the beginning of the end!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310204617/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/02/alpha-beginning-of-end.html |date=10 March 2012 }} Frictional Games Blog</ref><ref>[http://www.insidemacgames.com/news/story.php?ID=18584 Amnesia: The Dark Descent Reaches Alpha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606221351/http://www.insidemacgames.com/news/story.php?ID=18584 |date=6 June 2011 }} Inside Mac Games, 9 February 2010</ref> Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual gameplay footage, and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website. Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010.<ref>[http://linuxgamingnews.org/2010/02/19/amnesia-the-dark-descent-teaser-web-site-pre-order/ Amnesia: The Dark Descent – Teaser, Web Site & Pre-order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124192247/http://linuxgamingnews.org/2010/02/19/amnesia-the-dark-descent-teaser-web-site-pre-order/ |date=24 November 2010 }} Linux Gaming News, 19 February 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.charged.co.za/2010/02/19/amnesia-the-dark-descent-teaser-web-site-and-pre-order Amnesia: The Dark Descent – Teaser, Web Site and Pre-Order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430113636/http://www.charged.co.za/2010/02/19/amnesia-the-dark-descent-teaser-web-site-and-pre-order |date=30 April 2012}} CHARGED, 19 February 2010</ref> This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have an 8 September 2010 release.<ref>[http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/103 Disturbing details regarding the release of "Amnesia: The Dark Descent" revealed!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903140500/http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/103 |date=3 September 2010}} Frictional Games, 22 June 2010</ref> It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone [[Software release life cycle#Release|Gold]] and would soon be ready for sale.<ref>[http://linuxgamingnews.org/2010/08/29/amnesia-the-dark-descent-gone-gold/ Amnesia: The Dark Descent Gone Gold] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902222440/http://linuxgamingnews.org/2010/08/29/amnesia-the-dark-descent-gone-gold/ |date=2 September 2010 }} Linux Gaming News, 29 August 2010 (Article by Maxim Bardin)</ref> On 3 September, the game's demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010.<ref>[http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/scary-new-horror-adventure-available-linux Scary New Horror Adventure Available for Linux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917125726/http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/scary-new-horror-adventure-available-linux |date=17 September 2010 }} [[Linux Journal]], 13 September 2010 (Article by Susan Linton)</ref>
If the game reached 2000 pre-orders by 31 May 2010, Frictional promised it would release extra content for the game. The goal was finally met in early May, after the pre-orders were offered at a discount made available until 31 May. This was done due to the success of ''Penumbra: Overture'' as a part of the first [[Humble Indie Bundle]].<ref>[http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/101 Insane Amnesia Discount!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924021315/http://www.frictionalgames.com/site/node/101 |date=24 September 2010}} Frictional Games, 5 May 2010</ref> The extra content was revealed to be commentary,<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/05/2000-pre-orders-reached.html "some commentary for the release"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708035924/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/05/2000-pre-orders-reached.html |date=8 July 2011 }} Frictional Games, 11 May 2010</ref> and they explained in the comments section of the same page that its intended function was similar to that of [[Valve Corporation|Valve]]'s commentary system that began in the ''[[Half-Life 2]]'' series.<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/05/2000-pre-orders-reached.html?showComment=1273579916104#c832591351368538635 "similar to the way HL2ep2 does it"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708040101/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/05/2000-pre-orders-reached.html?showComment=1273579916104#c832591351368538635 |date=8 July 2011 }} Frictional Games, 11 May 2010</ref> The authors cite "Soul Made Flesh" by [[Carl Zimmer]] and older horror movies such as ''[[The Haunting (1963 film)|The Haunting]]'' as being inspirations for the mood and style of the game.<ref>[http://gadgetophilia.com/thomas-grip-of-frictional-games-speaks-on-amnesia-the-dark-descent-with-gaeatimescom/ Thomas Grip of Frictional Games Speaks on Amnesia: The Dark Descent With GaeaTimes.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921084714/http://gadgetophilia.com/thomas-grip-of-frictional-games-speaks-on-amnesia-the-dark-descent-with-gaeatimescom/ |date=21 September 2010}} Gadgetophilia; 15 September 2010</ref> Other critics have drawn parallels between the game's story and the writings of [[H. P. Lovecraft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3529168/amnesia-dark-descent-still-greatest-lovecraftian-horror-game/|title=How 'Amnesia: The Dark Descent' Is STILL The Greatest Lovecraftian Horror Game|publisher=Bloody Disgusting|first1=Niall|last1=Condon|date=24 October 2018|access-date=3 December 2018|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106221424/https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3529168/amnesia-dark-descent-still-greatest-lovecraftian-horror-game/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Thomas Grip, one of the game's main developers, would later write up a post-mortem of the game titled "The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia" for ''[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]'', where he outlined in detail the process of the game's development, mostly focusing on its ever-changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game's development.<ref name="The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia" />
A [[PlayStation 4]] version – ''Amnesia Collection'' – was released on 22 November 2016 via [[PlayStation Network]]; this title includes ''The Dark Descent'', its expansion ''Amnesia: Justine,'' and the sequel ''[[Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs]]''.<ref name="AmnesiaCollection">{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2016/10/19/amnesia-collection-heads-to-ps4-in-november/|title=Amnesia Collection heads to PS4 in November|first=Stephany|last=Nunneley|date=19 October 2016|website=[[VG247]]|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-date=20 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020202010/http://www.vg247.com/2016/10/19/amnesia-collection-heads-to-ps4-in-november/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Just two days after its release on PS4, Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and "more".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2016/11/24/amnesia-collection-ps4-already-turning-a-profit-for-frictional-games/|title=Amnesia Collection Already Turning a Profit For Frictional Games|first=Tyler|last=Treese|date=24 November 2016|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126152612/http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2016/11/24/amnesia-collection-ps4-already-turning-a-profit-for-frictional-games/|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 23 September 2020, it was announced that ''Amnesia: The Dark Descent'' would be made open source.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2020|title=Amnesia is now open source!|url=https://frictionalgames.com/2020-09-amnesia-is-now-open-source/|website=frictionalgames.com|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200923140608/https://frictionalgames.com/2020-09-amnesia-is-now-open-source/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Audio===
{{Infobox album
| name       = Amnesia: The Dark Descent (Original Game Soundtrack)
| type       = Soundtrack
| artist     = Mikko Tarmia
| cover      =
| alt        =
| released   = {{Start date|df=yes|2011|05|17}}
| recorded   =
| venue      =
| studio     =
| genre      = [[Video game music|Video game soundtrack]]
| length     = 34:41
| label      = The Sound of Fiction
| producer   =
| prev_title =
| prev_year  =
| next_title =
| next_year  =
}}
The game's music was composed by [[Mikko Tarmia]] and released for download on 17 May 2011. Some unused music can be heard in the soundtrack, but not in-game.
{{tracklist
| headline  = ''Amnesia The Dark Descent Soundtrack'' track list
| total_length  = 34:41
| title1 = Menu Theme
| length1 = 1:16
| title2 = Darkness
| length2 = 1:16
| title3 = Lux Tenebras
| length3 = 3:22
| title4 = Grand Hall
| length4 = 1:27
| title5 = Ending: Alexander
| length5 = 1:53
| title6 = Next to the Guardian
| length6 = 1:49
| title7 = Theme For Unknown
| length7 = 3:04
| title8        = Dark Water
| length8       = 1:17
| title9        = Daniel's Room
| length9       = 1:08
| title10       = Grunt's Appearance
| length10      = 1:14
| title11       = Back Hall
| length11      = 1:22
| title12       = Ending: Agrippa
| length12      = 1:56
| title13       = Suitor Attacks
| length13      = 1:15
| title14       = Basement Storage
| length14      = 2:12
| title15       = Brennenburg Theme
| length15      = 3:13
| title16       = Hub
| length16      = 1:33
| title17       = Ending: Alexander
| note17        = alternative version
| length17      = 2:13
| title18       = Bridges
| length18      = 1:06
| title19       = The End
| length19      = 2:05
}}
==Downloadable content==
On 12 April 2011, Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of the [[Steam (service)|Steam]] version of ''Amnesia''. This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle. ''Justine'' was released on Steam as a way to promote the then-upcoming release of ''[[Portal 2]]'', as getting 100% on the campaign (all of the collectables, all of the analysis and making correct choices) unlocks a message from the fictional company Aperture Science. The content was made available for all of the game's supported platforms and versions as part of the ''Amnesia'' v1.2 update on 17 May 2011.<ref name="LGN-Article" />
It is possible to create custom stories for ''Amnesia'' that can then be loaded in the game.<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/09/editors-are-out.html In The Games Of Madness: Editors are out!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126045056/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/09/editors-are-out.html |date=26 January 2011 }} Frictional Games</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2021/07/the-lasting-legacy-of-amnesia-the-dark-descent/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118045049/https://www.kotaku.com.au/2021/07/the-lasting-legacy-of-amnesia-the-dark-descent/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2022|title=The Legacy Of Amnesia: The Dark Descent|first=Hayley|last=Williams|date=2021-07-01|access-date=2024-01-31|website=[[Kotaku]]}}</ref> Various tools for the [[Frictional Games#Technology|HPL Engine 2]] have been released that allow the creation of unique [[Level (video gaming)|levels]], [[3D model|models]], [[Particle system|particle effects]] and materials, using an interface similar to Valve's Hammer Editing Software.<ref>[http://hpl2.frictionalgames.com/tools Tools – HPL2 Documentation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918011341/http://hpl2.frictionalgames.com/tools |date=18 September 2010}} Frictional Games</ref> Game logic can be implemented using the [[AngelScript]] scripting language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moddb.com/games/amnesia-the-dark-descent/addons|title=Addons - Amnesia: The Dark Descent|website=Mod DB|date=3 September 2010 |access-date=9 January 2011|archive-date=18 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918121725/http://www.moddb.com/games/amnesia-the-dark-descent/addons|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moddb.com/games/amnesia-the-dark-descent/mods|title=Mods - Amnesia: The Dark Descent|website=Mod DB|date=3 September 2010 |access-date=9 January 2011|archive-date=17 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117115113/http://www.moddb.com/games/amnesia-the-dark-descent/mods|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.frictionalgames.com/forum/thread-4528-post-39673.html Finished Custom Stories for Download] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114024921/http://www.frictionalgames.com/forum/thread-4528-post-39673.html |date=14 January 2011 }} Frictional Games Forum</ref> A prominent example of a custom story is ''[[Penumbra: Necrologue]]'', a fan-made sequel to Frictional's earlier ''[[Penumbra (video game series)|Penumbra]]'' series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fandomspot.com/amnesia-dark-descent-best-mods-stories/|title=15 Best Mods & Custom Stories For Amnesia: The Dark Descent|first=Nelson|last=Chitty|access-date=2024-01-31|website=FandomSpot}}</ref>
On 23 September 2020, Frictional Games announced that they would be releasing the source code for both ''Amnesia: The Dark Descent'' and ''Amnesia: A Machine For Pigs''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Fraser|date=23 September 2020|title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent and A Machine for Pigs are now open source|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/amnesia-the-dark-descent-and-a-machine-for-pigs-are-now-open-source/|access-date=23 September 2020|website=PC Gamer|language=en-US|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111043143/https://www.pcgamer.com/amnesia-the-dark-descent-and-a-machine-for-pigs-are-now-open-source/|url-status=live}}</ref> Both games are available as [[open-source video game]]s under [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL-3.0-or-later]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Amnesia is now open source!|url=https://frictionalgames.com/2020-09-amnesia-is-now-open-source/|access-date=23 September 2020|website=Frictional Games|date=23 September 2020 |language=en-GB|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200923140608/https://frictionalgames.com/2020-09-amnesia-is-now-open-source/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent Source Code|date=23 September 2020|url=https://github.com/FrictionalGames/AmnesiaTheDarkDescent|publisher=Frictional Games|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923142806/https://github.com/FrictionalGames/AmnesiaTheDarkDescent|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
<!-- Aggregators -->
| MC = PC: 85/100<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/amnesia-the-dark-descent/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent for PC Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=23 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830080811/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/amnesia-the-dark-descent |archive-date=30 August 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Reviewers -->
| AdvGamers = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref name="Adventure Gamers Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.adventuregamers.com/article/id,1206 |publisher=[[Adventure Gamers]] |title=review: Amnesia: The Dark Descent |last=Berens |first=Nathaniel |date=8 September 2010 |access-date=9 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911075925/http://www.adventuregamers.com/article/id%2C1206 |archive-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| EuroG = 8/10<ref name="Eurogamer review">{{cite web| url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-09-07-amnesia-the-dark-descent-review | publisher = [[Eurogamer]] | title = Amnesia: The Dark Descent PC Review|last=Smith|first=Quintin|date= 7 September 2010|access-date = 7 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100909111528/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-09-07-amnesia-the-dark-descent-review| archive-date= 9 September 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
| GI = 9.25/10<ref name="Game Informer Review">{{cite web| url = http://gameinformer.com/games/amnesia_the_dark_descent/b/pc/archive/2010/09/08/horror-done-right.aspx | publisher = [[Game Informer]] | title =  Horror Done Right |last=Biessener|first= Adam|date= 8 September 2010|access-date = 9 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100911223140/http://gameinformer.com/games/amnesia_the_dark_descent/b/pc/archive/2010/09/08/horror-done-right.aspx| archive-date= 11 September 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref>
| IGN = 8.5/10<ref name="IGn review">{{cite web| url = http://pc.ign.com/articles/111/1118326p1.html | publisher = IGN | title = Amnesia: The Dark Descent Review|last=Onyett|first=Charles|date= 3 September 2010|access-date = 7 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100906234924/http://pc.ign.com/articles/111/1118326p1.html| archive-date= 6 September 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref>
| PCGUK = 88%<ref name="PC Gamer review">{{cite web| url = http://www.pcgamer.com/2010/09/06/amnesia-the-dark-descent-review/ | publisher = [[PC Gamer|PC Gamer Magazine]] | title = Amnesia: The Dark Descent review|last=Bickham|first=Al|date= 6 September 2010|access-date = 8 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100908011422/http://www.pcgamer.com/2010/09/06/amnesia-the-dark-descent-review/| archive-date= 8 September 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
| rev1 = ''[[Igromania]]''
| rev1Score = 8/10<ref name="Igromania review">{{cite web|url=http://www.igromania.ru/articles/108517/Amnesia_The_Dark_Descent.htm|publisher=[[Igromania]]|title=Amnesia: The Dark Descent PC Review|last=Smith|first=Quintin|date=7 September 2010|access-date=7 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929005003/http://www.igromania.ru/articles/108517/Amnesia_The_Dark_Descent.htm|archive-date=29 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
''Amnesia: The Dark Descent'' has received very positive reviews from critics, with consistent praise given for the ominous atmosphere and horror elements: "By strongly focusing on vision and hearing, the distance between player and game is radically diminished. This is technically reinforced by the game's minimal handling."<ref>Tom Reiss (2015). [http://www.muenchner-semiotik.de/ausgabe/2015/reiss_horror-as-a-semiotic-medium.pdf "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Horror as a semiotic medium in Amnesia: The Dark Descent"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505152809/http://www.muenchner-semiotik.de/ausgabe/2015/reiss_horror-as-a-semiotic-medium.pdf |date=5 May 2019 }} MueSem - Muenchner Semiotik 2015</ref> [[John Walker (journalist)|John Walker]] of ''[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]]'' even went as far as to say that "I think it is safe to say that ''Amnesia'' is the most successfully frightening game to have been made."<ref>[http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/09/07/wot-i-think-amnesia-the-dark-descent/ Wot I Think: Amnesia – The Dark Descent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010133634/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/09/07/wot-i-think-amnesia-the-dark-descent/ |date=10 October 2010 }} Rock, Paper, Shotgun, 7 September 2010 (Article by John Walker)</ref> X-Play added ''Amnesia'' to its top ten PC games saying "There are a lot of so-called "horror" games out there, this one is no joke. You'll be rocking back and forth and crying in no time".{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}
Frictional Games did show some trepidation over the game's initial sales after the first week,<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/09/one-week-after-release-of-amnesia.html One week after the release of Amnesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918222630/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/09/one-week-after-release-of-amnesia.html |date=18 September 2010 }} Frictional Games Blog, 15 September 2010</ref> but were encouraged by continued sales throughout the first month after the game's release, with Frictional recouping all the expenses from creating ''Amnesia'' by early October 2010.<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/10/one-month-after-amnesias-release.html One Month after Amnesia's release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013142210/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2010/10/one-month-after-amnesias-release.html |date=13 October 2010 }} Frictional Games Blog, 8 October 2010</ref> By the beginning of January 2011 the developer reported that nearly 200,000 units had been sold, declaring in response that "With these figures at hand, we must confess that it gives us new confidence for the PC."<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/01/four-months-after-amnesias-release.html Four months after Amnesia's release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118051223/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/01/four-months-after-amnesias-release.html |date=18 January 2011 }} Frictional Games Blog, 7 January 2011</ref> The game kept gaining sales and in July 2011 it had sold almost 350,000 units.<ref>[http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/features/9011-The-Terrifying-Tale-of-Amnesia.5 The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003234651/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/features/9011-The-Terrifying-Tale-of-Amnesia.5 |date=3 October 2014 }} The Escapist, 12 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011</ref> At the 2011 [[Independent Games Festival]] ''Amnesia'' won awards for both "Excellence in Audio" and "Technical Excellence" along with the "Direct2Drive Vision Award" which included a $10,000 prize.<ref name="igfawards" />
A year after the original release of ''Amnesia'', the developers revealed that they had sold around 391,102 units and were continuing to sell about 6,000 units per month. They also released details about how much money each platform generated for them by analyzing the sales from their online store, with 70% of sales coming from Windows users and 15% coming from users of Linux and another 15% coming from users of Mac OS X. Frictional did however note that their store was the only place anyone could purchase the Linux version of the game, whereas the Mac OS X and Windows versions could be purchased from other sources, meaning that the total percentage of Linux sales is actually considerably smaller compared to other platforms taken collectively. Observing that their own Mac OS X sales did not go down from their own store even as services like [[Steam (service)|Steam]] picked up the game for that platform, meaning that it did not steal customers from their store but instead opened up a new market, they decided this makes a good incentive for other stores to support Linux as well.<ref>[http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/09/amnesia-one-year-later.html Amnesia – One year later] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925135509/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.com/2011/09/amnesia-one-year-later.html |date=25 September 2011 }} Frictional Games Blog, 9 September 2011</ref> As of September 2012, the game sits at an estimated 1.4&nbsp;million sales.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amnesia, two years later|date=10 September 2012|url=http://frictionalgames.blogspot.dk/2012/09/amnesia-two-years-later.html|access-date=31 December 2012|archive-date=16 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116024733/http://frictionalgames.blogspot.dk/2012/09/amnesia-two-years-later.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2011, [[Adventure Gamers]] named ''Amnesia'' the 34th-best adventure game ever released.<ref name=top100>{{cite web |author=AG Staff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604021011/http://www.adventuregamers.com/articles/view/18643 |url=https://www.adventuregamers.com/articles/view/18643 |title=Top 100 All-Time Adventure Games |date=30 December 2011 |archive-date=4 June 2012 |work=[[Adventure Gamers]] |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2018 }}</ref> In 2015, ''Kotaku'' originally ranked ''Amnesia'' as the 2nd best horror game of all time, beaten only by ''[[P.T. (video game)|P.T.]]'', but moved it to 1st after ''P.T.'' was removed by [[Konami]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2018 |url=http://thebests.kotaku.com/the-10-best-horror-games-1685727700 |title=The 10 Best Horror Games |website=[[Kotaku]] |first=Patrick |last=Klepek |date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810020740/http://thebests.kotaku.com/the-10-best-horror-games-1685727700 |archive-date=10 August 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[GamesRadar+]]'' ranked ''Amnesia'' as the 3rd best horror game of all time, although in a revised list in 2018, moved the game down to 13th place.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 20 best horror games of all time|publisher=GamesRadar Staff|work=Social Blade|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/best-horror-games/#comment-jump|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010045603/http://www.gamesradar.com/best-horror-games/|archive-date=10 October 2017}}</ref> In 2018, ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' ranked ''Amnesia'' as the 7th greatest horror game of all time in a list of 35.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 35 greatest horror games of all time |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-35-greatest-horror-games-of-all-time-1830082156 |website=The AV Club |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=12 January 2019 |archive-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103000942/https://www.avclub.com/the-35-greatest-horror-games-of-all-time-1830082156 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Sequels==
{{Main|Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs|Amnesia: Rebirth|Amnesia: The Bunker}}
An indirect sequel called ''[[Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs]]'' was released on 10 September 2013,<ref name="giaamfp">{{cite news|last=Hilliard|first=Kyle|title=Amnesia: A Machine For Pigs Coming Next Month|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/amnesia_a_machine_for_pigs/b/pc/archive/2013/08/16/amnesia-a-machine-for-pigs-coming-next-month.aspx|access-date=27 August 2013|newspaper=[[Game Informer]]|date=16 August 2013|archive-date=27 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827060236/http://www.gameinformer.com/games/amnesia_a_machine_for_pigs/b/pc/archive/2013/08/16/amnesia-a-machine-for-pigs-coming-next-month.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> developed by [[The Chinese Room]] and published by Frictional Games. ''A Machine for Pigs'' is an indirect sequel to ''The Dark Descent'' which, while set in the same universe, takes place in an alternative history with different characters.<ref name="de Matos">{{cite web|last=de Matos|first=Xav|title=Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs is the next title from Frictional Games and Dear Esther dev|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/02/22/amnesia-a-machine-for-pigs/|publisher=[[Joystiq]]|access-date=22 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620221829/http://www.joystiq.com/2012/02/22/amnesia-a-machine-for-pigs/|archive-date=20 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The third game in the series, titled ''[[Amnesia: Rebirth]]'' was announced on 6 March 2020. ''Rebirth,'' the second ''Amnesia'' game to be developed by Frictional Games. A gameplay reveal trailer was uploaded on 2 October 2020 to a positive reception.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=Amnesia: Rebirth's Gameplay Reveal is Here and It's Terrifying|url=https://cogconnected.com/2020/10/amnesia-rebirths-gameplay-reveal/|access-date=3 October 2020|website=COGconnected|language=en-US|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008122131/https://cogconnected.com/2020/10/amnesia-rebirths-gameplay-reveal/|url-status=live}}</ref> The game was released on 20 October 2020 for [[PlayStation 4]], [[Linux]] and [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2020/09/amnesia-rebirth-launches-october-20|title=Amnesia: Rebirth launches October 20|website=Gematsu|date=15 September 2020|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915184753/https://www.gematsu.com/2020/09/amnesia-rebirth-launches-october-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=''Amnesia: Rebirth'' official website |url=https://amnesiarebirth.com/ |access-date=20 October 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022145424/https://amnesiarebirth.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 1 December 2022, the fourth game in the series, titled ''[[Amnesia: The Bunker]]'' was announced and was released on 6 June 2023. ''The Bunker,'' is the third ''Amnesia'' game to be made by Frictional Games. The game features combat in a semi-open world, a first for the series.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Addcox |first=J. Stephen |year=2016 |title="The Dark Descent": Amnesia's Debt to Victorian Physiological Psychology |url=https://neovictorianstudies.com/article/view/107 |journal=Neo-Victorian Studies |volume=8 |issue=2}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Rosales |first=Anais |date=2020-09-21 |title=Dracula and Amnesia: Character Identities and Constant Subjectivism under Ideological State Apparatuses |url=https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/4602 |journal=FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations |doi=10.25148/etd.FIDC009183|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite thesis |last1=Hellgren |first1=Ryan |url=https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-504119 |title=The effectiveness of using light to elicit a response in Amnesia: The Dark Descent |last2=Sokolov |first2=Alexander |date=June 2023 |publisher=Uppsala University}}
* {{Cite book |last=Reiss |first=Tom |url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D1140871846 |title=The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Horror as a semiotic medium in Amnesia: The Dark Descent |date=August 2015 |publisher=MueSem – Münchner Semiotik}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tosca |first=Susana |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203078112/analyzing-digital-fiction-alice-bell-astrid-ensslin-hans-rustad |title=Analyzing Digital Fiction |date=2013-10-15 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-07811-2 |editor-last=Bell |editor-first=Alice |pages=109–123 |chapter=Amnesia: The Dark Descent: The Player’s Very Own Purgatory |doi=10.4324/9780203078112 |editor-last2=Ensslin |editor-first2=Astrid |editor-last3=Rustad |editor-first3=Hans}}
==External links==
* {{official website}}
* {{GitHub|FrictionalGames/AmnesiaTheDarkDescent|''Amnesia: The Dark Descent''}}
* {{MobyGames | /amnesia-the-dark-descent }}
{{Portal|Video games}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Frictional Games}}
{{Amnesia series}}
{{Authority control}}
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