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{{Short description|City in Mazandaran province, Iran}}
{{for|other uses of a similar name|Amol (disambiguation){{!}}Amol}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Amol
| other_name         = {{Nobold|Ancient names: Amerdad, Ameld, Amui,<br/> Hamo, Ameleh, Amol}}
| native_name        = {{lang|fa|آمل}}
| settlement_type    = City
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 300
| perrow      = 1/2/2/2
| image1      = View of the Two Historical Bridges of Amol at Night.jpg
| alt1        = View of the Two Historical Bridges of Amol at Night
| image2      = Hadar Amuli tomb tower.jpg
| alt2        = Tomb of Mir Heydar Amoli
| image3      = Amol city Steet at Night.jpg
| alt3        = haraz street
| image4      = Mazandaran Province Arch.JPG
| alt4        = Tomb Mir bozorg
| image5      = ساختمان دارایی قدیم.jpg
| alt5        = Amol History Museum
| image6      = 17shahrivar5.jpg
| alt6        = 17shahrivar sq
| image7      = Alaviyan square Amol.jpg
| alt7        = Alaviyan square
}}
| imagesize          =
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         = Flag of Amol.gif
| image_seal         = [[File:Amolmn.png|75px]]
| pushpin_map        = Iran
| mapsize            = 220px
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Iran]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Amol County|Amol]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Bakhsh|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Central District (Amol County)|Central]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Ali Davoudi <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imna.ir/news/540017 | title=16 انتصاب جدید در شهرداری آمل | date=December 5, 2021 }}</ref>
| established_title3 = Incorporated (city)
| established_date3  = 1923<ref name="amol.org.ir">{{Official website|http://amol.org.ir/}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 21
| area_footnotes     =
| population_as_of   = 2016 census
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 237528<ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province"/>
| population_est     =
| population_est_as_of =
| population_metro   = 430000
| utc_offset         = +3:30
| timezone           = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|36|28|13|N|52|20|48|E|dim:3km|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.470278&mlon=52.346667&zoom=14#map=14/36.47028/52.34667|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Amol, Amol County|date=19 October 2024|access-date=19 October 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 76
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 46131-46391<ref name="postcode.post.ir">[http://www.postcode.post.ir/ Iran Post Website]. Postcode.post.ir (July 11, 2011). Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
| area_code          = (+98) 11
| website            = {{URL|http://amol.ir}}<br>{{URL|http://amol.gov.ir}}
}}
'''Amol''' ({{langx|fa|آمل}} {{IPA|fa|ɒˈmol|}}; {{pronunciation|Amol.ogg}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Āmol'''; also known as '''Amul'''<ref name=autogenerated1>{{GEOnet3|-3053090}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Amol County)|Central District]] of [[Amol County]], [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Mazandaran Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city|language=fa|website=lamtakam.com|via=Lam ta Kam|url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113042|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114003543/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113042|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=14 January 2024|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|date=c. 2024|id=Subject Letter 3233.1.5.53; Notification 83346/T144K|access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>
Amol is located on the [[Haraz River]] bank. It is situated less than {{convert|20|km|mi}} south of the [[Caspian Sea]] and less than {{convert|10|km|mi}} north of the [[Alborz]] mountains. It is {{convert|180|km|mi}} from [[Tehran]], and  {{convert|60|km|mi}} west of the provincial capital, [[Sari, Iran|Sari]].<ref name=autogenerated1 /> It is one of the oldest cities in Iran, and a historic city, with its foundation dating back to the [[Amardi]] tribe, who inhabited the region in the [[Iron Age]]. Amol is the center of industry and culture of Mazandaran, the rice capital of Iran, and one of the most important cities of the transportation, agriculture, and tourism industries in Iran. It is known as the ''History, Science and Philosophy city'', ''City that does not die'' and ''Hezar Sangar city''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1396/01/08/1364710/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-3-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86|title=آمل شهری 3 هزار ساله در تاریخ ایران/ شهری به نام نخستین پایتخت علویان و مرکز اشکانیان- اخبار استانها – Hadi hosseini – Hadi|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
==History==
===Pre-Islamic===
According to the city government, the name is derived from ''[[Amardi]]'', a tribe mentioned by the Roman historian [[Ammianus Marcellinus]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amol.gov.ir/index.php?static&sid=700 |title=Amol Government |access-date=November 28, 2016 |archive-date=November 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128195626/http://amol.gov.ir/index.php?static&sid=700 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Amol is one of the most ancient cities of Iran. A number of historians and geographers believe it was established in the 1st millennium BC. Some historians have attributed the birth of the city during the reign of the mythological king [[Tahmuras]].<ref name="Amol origin at Hamshahri">[http://ostani.hamshahrilinks.org/Ostan/Iran/Mazandaran/Contents/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%88-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86?magazineid= Amol origin at Hamshahri]{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
====Pishdadian and Amard====
[[File:Median Empire.jpg|thumb|Map of the [[Median Empire]] (600 BC) showing the relative locations of the [[Amardian]] tribe]]
Some historians have associated this ancient city with the periods of the [[Pishdadian dynasty]] and the [[Kayanian dynasty]].  The  people inhabiting the area before the arrival of [[Aryans]], were known as Amards (Amui in Pahlavi),<ref>Eurasia book / 178.2</ref> who had migrated to and settled on the Iranian Plateau between the late [[2nd millennium BC]] and early [[1st millennium BC]].  According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of [[Mazandaran]], at least in the period starting from [[Sassanid Empire]] to the [[Ilkhanate]] dynasty of [[Mongol Empire]]. Though they are a [[Medes|Median]] tribe, [[Herodotus]] named the tribe Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen [[Persian people|Persian]] tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the 'a' at the beginning of ''Amardians,'' which would mean they are two different tribes. Elsewhere he says, one of the peoples who have trusted [[Darius I]]<ref name="Amol History in EurasiaTravel">{{Cite web|url=http://eurasia.travel/iran/places/western_iran/amol/|title=Amol|website=eurasia.travel|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081931/http://eurasia.travel/iran/places/western_iran/amol/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Igor M. Diakonoff]] says that Amardians lived on the coasts of the [[Caspian Sea]], in the distance of the Alban and Otia from the north and the [[Hyrcanian]] from the east.
[[Strabo]] says about the Tapyri that they wore black robes and had long hair, and "he who is adjudged the bravest marries whomever he wishes" (''Geography'' 11.8 = T520a). In the history of the [[Persian Empire]], the Mard were handsome, capable and brave persons present in the heart of the army and were responsible for defending the commander.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/army-i|title=ARMY i. Pre-Islamic Iran – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=iranicaonline.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>) The Amard helped Achaemenid in several battles including the invasion of [[Greece]], the occupation of Sardis, the attack of Medes and at the [[Battle of Opis]].
[[Ibn Isfandiyar]] has another theory about Amol which  says, at the request of his wife, Firoz Shah created a large and flourishing city named Amele.<ref>Tabaristan History Book, Page 191</ref>
====Achaemenid Empire====
People of Amol were p, the current Caspian Sea.<ref>The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period</ref> Further evidence of the power of the Amol people is their fighting in the [[Battle of Thermopylae]], [[Battle of Gaugamela]] and other [[Sardis]] forces in the [[Achaemenid Empire]].<ref>Ancient history of Iran in foreign wars / 447.</ref> [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]] said, [[Immortals (Achaemenid Empire)]] Archers they were all Amard people.<ref>The Hyrcani had mustered 6000 as excellent horsemen as those nations could furnish, as well as 1000 Tapurian cavalry. The Derbices had armed 40000 foot-soldiers; most of these carried spears tipped with bronze or iron, but some had hardened the wooden shaft by fire. Curtius Rufus Quintus, history of ALEXANDER (3.2.7)</ref>
====Parthian Empire====
During the reign of the [[Parthian Empire]], Amol was one of the centers of Iran. It seems that Amol's reputation in the time of [[Alexander the Great]] and the Parthian period dominated the political-administrative [[Satrap]] was [[Hyrcanian]].<ref>Parthian History Book by Igor M. Diakonoff</ref> During the Parthian period, Amol was also famous and prosperous, which was called ''Homo'' or ''Hamo''. Parthian King [[Phraates I]] (171–173 AH) defeated the Mardas in the Amol region. He is said to have moved a group of people to the Parthian lands in northern [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and settled in western [[Amu Darya]], also known as Amol Zam.
====Sassanian====
[[File:Silver gilt dish Tabaristan 7th 8th century.jpg|thumb|right|Silver gilt dish of [[Tapuria]], 7th–8th centuries. A tradition initiated under the [[Sasanians]] and continued after the [[Arab]] invasions. ''Anuzhad'' inscription in [[Pahlavi script]], next to the reclining figure. [[British Museum]]]]
According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of [[Mazandaran]] during the period starting from the 3rd century AD under the [[Sassanian Empire]] to the 13/14th century AD under the [[Ilkhanate]] dynasty of [[Mongol Empire]]. Before Islam, Amol was one of the largest and most important cities in the region and was considered the center of Mazandaran. The city of Amol existed before the [[Sassanids]] and during the [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] period. During the [[Sassanid]] period, the importance of this Amol was increased due to the escape of the followers of [[Mazdak]] to this city.
Based on pieces of evidence, including the coins found during excavations in addition to Muslim historical books, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran province during the [[Sassanid Era]].
According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of [[Mazandaran]] during the period starting from the 3rd century under [[Sassanian Empire]] to the 13/14th century under the [[Ilkhanate]] dynasty of [[Mongol Empire]]. On Sasanian coins, coin cities where there has been an abbreviated name is known, but the mark ''m'' was Amol. During the [[Bahram V]], Amol was Central to Iran and during the [[Khosrow II]] and [[Dabuyid dynasty]] capital Mazandaran.
[[Amu Darya]] The Sasanian Pers River is about 2,500&nbsp;km long, regarded in ancient times as the boundary between Iran and [[Turan]]; the modern name may be derived from Amol.<ref>Encyclopædia Iranica -Amudarya</ref>
In the city during this period, there was a Temple, [[Marketplace|Market]], and [[fireplace]] there was. Ibn Rawi, in his book, calls Amol bigger than [[Isfahan]] and [[Qazvin]].<ref>Book History Sassanian Emp</ref>
[[File:Coin of Khosrow II, minted in Amol.jpg|thumb|left|Coin of [[Khosrow II]], minted in Amol]]
[[Hudud al-'Alam]] had said about Amol, that it was a great city with most moats and castles, the universe and the origin of merchants, and city Carpet, mats, boxwood, bowls, brick, and medallions are found.<ref>ḤODUD AL-ʿĀLAM – Encyclopædia Iranica</ref>
[[Herodotus]] in [[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]], mentions the tribes of the Tabaristan, the ''Mard'' or the ''Amards'' In the time of the king [[Darius the Great]] from influential and tribespeople. During the [[Sassanid]] period, the city of Amol enjoyed development and was the center of the important province of Tabarestan. During this period, the city had infrastructures and elements such as government citadels, neighborhoods, fire temples, and bazaars and a fire temple in the area, called  ''Avam Kuye''.<ref>Herodotus (1987). The History, translated by David Gren. University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|0-226-32770-1}}. pp. 37–38.</ref>
[[Dabuyid dynasty]] and [[Bavand dynasty]] Iranian dynasty were the kings of the Sassanid dynasty; they lived in Amol, which was the city capital of these dynasties.<ref>History Iran (Sassanid Empire) The Rise and Fall of an Empire</ref>
The coins of [[House of Ispahbudhan|Ispahbudhan]] of Tabarestan and the Arab and [[Sassanid]] periods have been minted in Amol mint and sometimes in Sari.
It can be argued that the mints of several cities in Mazandaran, especially Amol and Sari, such as the city of [[Gorgan]], have been engaged in minting various coins for 1,300 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83699166/مازندران-در-عصر-ناصری-و-ضرابخانه-های-۱۳۰۰-ساله|title=مازندران در عصر ناصری و ضرابخانه‌های ۱۳۰۰ ساله|date=March 3, 2020|website=ایرنا|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Islam===
==== Abbasid, Alid, Ziyarid, Marashis ====
Amol, in the era of the [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran|Alid dynasties]] and [[Marashis]] dynasty, was the capital of [[Northern Iran]]. The inhabitants of Amol embraced [[Islam]] during the reign of [[Al-Mahdi|Mahdi]] (775–785), the [[Abbasid]] Caliph. Amol was also the capital city of the [[Bavand dynasty]] and [[Ziyarid dynasty]].
The people of Amol initially resisted the Arabs.
In the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of the ninth century, Amol was one of the largest cities in Iran. [[Khalid ibn Barmak]] built a palace in the city and ruled for years. People from the [[Qarinvand dynasty]] arrived a couple of years ago and fought with the Abbasid Caliphate to win the kingdom.
During the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] period, during the reign of [[Muawiyah I]], [[Sa'id ibn al-As]] undertook the conquest of Tabaristan, and with an army of 4,000 troops rushed there, and the whole war between him and [[Farrukhan the Great]] lasted for two whole years, but was postponed. The conflict lasted until [[Abbasid Caliphate]] until the attack of the Persian general [[Wandad Hurmuzd]].
In [[Hudud al-'Alam]], Amol is regarded as a great city with active commerce and trading ventures.<ref>Mentioned in the book, page 142</ref> However, resentment with the [[Tahirids]] rule increased due to the oppressive activities of their officials. People of the provinces pledged alliance to [[Hasan ibn Zayd]]. Zayd became the founder of the [[Zaydid dynasty]] of Tabaristan Alavids government in [[Tabaristan]] established and it's with Amol centered and 106-year domination of the Abbasids in the territory ended.<ref>Estakhri Book, Page 169</ref>
[[Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar|Yaqub ibn Layth]] the was geostrategy in Amol. [[Hasan al-Utrush]] with a trip to Amol who re-established Zaydid rule over the province Tabaristan in northern Iran in 914, after fourteen years of [[Samanid]] rule.
After the Alid dynasty, the Ziyarid dynasty ruled Iran and Tabaristan. At this time Amol was developed in such a way that geographers have written articles about the industry and its silk.<ref>Ibn Isfandiyar Tarikh-Tabaristan Book</ref>
[[Hasan ibn Zayd]], nicknamed al-Dai al-Kabir, appeared in the Tabaristan region in 250 AH, and many dissatisfied people and the captives of the Caliph [[Tahirid]] strengthened him. He invited people and published the Shiite religion. After coming to power in Tabaristan, Daei Kabir moved his capital from Sari to Amol, which was Taherian's seat.<ref>Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. {{ISBN|978-0-521-20093-6}}.</ref>
In 260 A.D., [[Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar]] marched on Tabaristan and entered Amol after the departure of Hassan ibn Zayd, but his rule did not last long and the Alavids recaptured the city again. The Alawites ruled the city until [[Ziyarid]] and [[Buyid]], who were the handmaidens of the Shiites. The people of Amol were very militant and stood up to the Arabs, but social injustice and class divisions led the people to convert to Islam.<ref>Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Ṣaffārids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–135.</ref>
[[Qabus]] was in 1012 overthrown by his own army and was succeeded by his son [[Manuchihr]], who quickly recognized the sovereignty of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] and married one of his daughters. Manuchihr died in 1031 and was succeeded by his son [[Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali]], whom Mahmud of Ghazni had chosen as the heir of the [[Ziyarid dynasty]]. From 1032 to 1040, the real power behind the throne was held by Abu Kalijar ibn Vayhan, a relative of Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali. During this period, Amol was chosen as the capital of Iran until 1090. He also had the first seminary by [[Hasan al-Utrush]] built in Amol, which was later named Imam Hassan Askari Mosque.
The subsequent [[Afrasiyab dynasty]] flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Kiya Afrasiyab, who conquered the Bavand kingdom in 1349 and made himself king of the region, in Amol.<ref>ĀL-E Afrasiab</ref><ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/News/137147.html Amol boasts numerous ancient sites]</ref>
In this period Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani of Amol was a leader [[Sarbadars]].<ref>Peter Jackson (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Six: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. {{ISBN|0-521-20094-6}}</ref>
Amol during the ministry of Khajeh [[Nizam al-Mulk]] Tusi in the [[Seljuq dynasty]], along with the big cities of that time, the Islamic world [[Nishapur]], [[Balkh]], [[Herat]], [[Baghdad]] and [[Isfahan]] had a prestigious [[Nezamiyeh]] modern school.<ref>Ed(s). "al- Niẓāmiyya, al- Madrasa." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010, retrieved 20(03/2010)</ref>
====Safavid====
In the time of the [[Safavid]] rulers of Mazandaran, Amol experienced a period of growth. The city was the favorite dwelling of [[Abbas II of Persia]], who often frequented it. At the time Amol was considered "the capital of the inhabited world" and acclaimed for its grandeur. Several bridges were built in the area across the Haraz River at this time.
During the Safavid era, especially during the reign of [[Abbas the Great]], Mazandaran was considered and a road from [[Gorgan|Astarabad]] and Sari to Amol was built.
<gallery class="center">
File:Parthia 001ad.jpg|The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
Image:Alavids-map.png|Map of the [[Alavid]] emirate with Amol as their capital
Image:PG NSW Image jpeg.jpg|Latin (1689): Sea [[Amard]]
</gallery>
in town was founded through trade center position and business centers already exceeded and founded [[artillery]].
The town has spacious and well-supplied bazaars and post and [[telegraph]] offices. Excavations in Amol at Hall of Fame have uncovered glazed ceramic and glass belonging to Islamic and modern periods<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/118535/Excavation-in-Amol-old-city-uncovers-pottery-glass|title=Excavation in Amol old city uncovers pottery, glass|date=July 31, 2016|website=Mehr News Agency|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
But after the [[Mongol invasion]], the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that Sari was declared as capital. At the beginning of the 7th century, Hessamedin Ardeshir shifted the capital from Sari to Amol and constructed his palace there.
At this time, a Palace and Ab Anbar were built by order of Shah Abbas, and the [[Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg|tomb of Mir Ghavam al-Din (Mir Bozorg)]], which had been destroyed by Timur's agents, was magnificently rebuilt.<ref>Vasily Bartold /  An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton, 1984 translated by Svat Soucek</ref>
Amol recovered a certain measure of prosperity while ruled by the Marashians and the Safavids. Under the latter, it was a center of the province of [[Mazandaran]]. Since then, it has never played a leading part in Persian national affairs, being surpassed in population by [[Babol]] and by the administrative capital of the province [[Sari]]; it has also suffered at various times from earthquakes.
In continuation, [[Haraz River]] crosses the city of coal and iron mining region of Amol much iron can also have it in the past.<ref>History Central Asian, Mazandaran</ref>
====Afsharid====
Amol in [[Afsharid dynasty]] and [[Zand dynasty]] as a city for trade and construction were instruments of war. During the [[Nader Shah]] in town was founded Iron plant through the trade center position to make cannonballs, mortars, and horseshoes, and business centers already exceeded and founded [[artillery]]. This was the first artillery workshop in [[Iran]]<ref>H. Ardakani Book</ref>
[[Jonas Hanway]] came to Iran at this time and visited Amol and talked about this city, Due to the abundance of iron ore mines, by Nader Shah's order, it became the most important foundry and steel plant, where cannonballs, rifles, and horseshoes were produced. Nader Shah eventually decided to build the Iranian Navy in Amol.<ref>1762 Jonas Hanway Travel Trade PERSIA Iran Illustrated MAPS Iraq Russia 2v SET</ref>
At first, the people and rulers of [[Larijan (district)|Larijan]]<ref>The Links between Art and Politics during the Qajar Era</ref> and Amol, in support of [[Zand dynasty]], resisted [[Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar]] and defeated him.
====Qajar====
[[File:Le Tour du monde-02-p048.jpg|thumb|left|Merchants and travelers under Damavand mountain by [[Jules Laurens]] on July 1, 1859]]
In the Qajar era, the road and railway from [[Tehran]] to Amol, Amol was pulled from [[Mahmoudabad]].
[[Ibn Hawqal]] says the geographers of the 4th to 10th century describe Amol's great prosperity and prosperity; in the latter respect, according to Ebn Ḥawqal, it surpassed Qazvin. Its inner city was protected by a moat, and the houses were constructed of wood and reeds rather than mud bricks on account of the heavy summer rainfall. Rice, fruits, and vegetables grew profusely, and the town was a center for the fabrication of wooden articles, textiles, and carpets, the silks being especially famous. Amol port on the Caspian was the little town named ''Ahlam'' or ''Ahlom''.<ref>C. E. BOSWORTH, S. BLAIR, E. EHLERS, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amol-a-town-on-the-caspian-shore About Amol in Iranicaonline]</ref>
[[James George Frazer]] entered Iran in 1238 as a merchant and scientist and said about this city in his travelogue that the city was truly great and vast. People were decent and respectable inhabitants of the city. Several leaders of the Iranian constitutional revolutions of 1905 and 1911 hailed from Amol. Mulla Ali Kani, one Amoli people reformist who led the people, had a great role in the achievement of the goals of Iran's constitutional revolution.
During this period, was built many homes in the city. Although today Amol has expanded greatly on both sides of the [[Haraz river]], its functions are still the same as they were seventy or eighty years ago.<ref>M. Trezel Book, Page 289</ref> The Amol cotton cleaning plant was built in 1906 by the Russians. Prior to that, two companies, Rosenblum and Osser, in one of Amol boroughs that is, Barforoush, were active.<ref>White Gold – World Economy Newspaper</ref>
In the 19th century, Amol iron and iron goods were traded all over Iran and as far abroad as [[Baghdad]], [[Mosul]] and [[Damascus]]. Today, the main industries are food processing factories rice, minor woodworking shops, and a few brickworks.<ref>Kayhan, Joqrafia III, page. 293-98.</ref>
[[Pierre Amédée Jaubert]] says the Dispatch ambassador [[Napoleon]] Royal court [[Fath Ali Shah Qajar]] visited Amol and mentioned in his book about the Haraz River and the centralization of Steel workshops on its shores.<ref>Iran: A Modern History / Pierre Amedee Emilien Probe Jaubert: Books – Amazon.co.uk</ref>
Although today Amol has expanded greatly on both sides of the [[Haraz river]], its functions are still the same as they were seventy or eighty years ago. Besides being one of the county centers of the province of [[Mazandaran]], it is a busy commercial center. In the itinerary, the book says, that Amol is a magnificent city with four gates, although there is no gate installed, namely Darvaze Tehran or Larijan, Barforosh, Taliksar and Nur.<ref>Rabino itinerary Book</ref>
After the fall of the [[Mongols]], the Marashians appeared in Mazandaran. In 760 AH, [[Mir-i Buzurg|Mir Ghavam al-Din Marashi]] established the [[Marashis]] government. The Marashis uprising began in Amol. After gaining power, the Marashians soon occupied all the lands and areas around Mazandaran and expanded their territory from [[Gorgan]] to [[Qazvin]] and [[Isfahan]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric | year = 2009 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Mitchell | first = Colin P. | pages = 1–304 | isbn = 978-0857715883 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=APcBAwAAQBAJ&q=false}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/marashis-COM_0679?s.num=2|title=Marʿas̲h̲is|first=J.|last=Calmard|date=April 24, 2012|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|access-date=July 29, 2020|via=referenceworks.brillonline.com}}</ref>
In interval [[Persian campaign (World War I)|Persian Campaign]], Community Tabaristan by Amir Movayed Savadkoohi, with the support of Influential men of Amol, was founded to oppose the British and the [[Russians]]. [[Vsevolod Starosselsky]] in Amol built a Headquarters for capturing other cities in Mazandaran. [[Mirza Kuchak Khan]] To deal with him, entered Amol through the port of Ahlam with Khan's Amol and left the city after a long involvement against [[Persian Cossack Brigade]].<ref>Book of Constitutional History in Mazandaran</ref>
In this epoch, with the support of the Shah and the wealth of Amin al-Zarb, the first modern railway in the history of Iran was established in Amol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.mrud.ir/news/2108/آشنایی-با-شرکت-راه-آهن-جمهوری-اسلامی-ایران|title=آشنایی با شرکت راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران|date=November 12, 2014|website=پایگاه خبری وزارت راه و شهرسازی|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> Twenty-one kilometers of railway linking Amol and the iron mines of Mahan [[Noor County|Nour]] to the Caspian port of [[Mahmudabad, Mazandaran|Mahmoudabad]] in the name of Naseriyah. In 1887, the project prompted Amin al Zarb after three visits to Europe, and the contract for the construction of the railway was signed with the British company ''Quzi'' and a Belgian company. At the end of the reign of [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]], the railway was completed in 1891 but never used due to the involvement of local people and Russians. About 700,000 tomans were invested in the project.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/amin-e-dar-al-zarb-hajj-mohammad-hasan|title=AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤĀJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=iranicaonline.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>Taken for Wonder: Nineteenth-Century Travel Accounts from Iran to Europe</ref> Following the development technocracy policies of Iran by Amin al zarab, was established the first [[Steel mill]] of [[Iran]] in Amol. In 1887, Amin al zarb obtained an exclusive permit from [[Nasser al-Din Shah]] for 30 years to establish a smelter, and bought an eight-meter furnace with a production capacity of 15 tons of iron from France for 24 hours and settled in Amol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/alborz-32739/اینجا-قرار-بود-نخستین-کارخانه-ذوب-آهن-ایران-باشد-تصاویر|title=اینجا قرار بود نخستین کارخانه ذوب‌آهن ایران باشد(+تصاویر)|date=October 26, 2018|website=ایسنا|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>A. Enayat, "AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤĀJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN," Encyclopædia Iranica, I/9, pp. 951–953, available online at [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amin-e-dar-al-zarb-hajj-mohammad-hasan] (accessed on December 30, 2012).</ref>
====20th century====
=====Pahlavi, Islamic Republic of Iran=====
During the reign of [[Reza Shah Pahlavi]], the face of the town was changed drastically. Schools and most of the streets and governmental buildings current Amol date from that era. During this period, by order of Reza Shah, Austrian and German engineers built [[Moalagh Bridge]], a Municipal mansion, a Municipal hotel, Chaikhori palace, Pahlavi High School, an Asset building, and a Rice warehouse for export. During this period, the construction of an alternative [[Haraz road]] was handed over to the Russian company Treskiniski by the Reza Shah.
[[File:Bazdidshah3.jpg|thumb|Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi visit Amol in 1948]]
Hyacinth Louis Rabino, while visiting Amol during this period, described Amol as an open town with four gates, nine quarters, and approximately 2000 houses. A large bazaar contained about 400 shops with many traditional crafts and trades.
[[File:Guildhall Amol.jpg|thumb|left|Municipal mansion Amol]]
During [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], The construction of Taleb Amoli Street in the western part of the old city and its extension from 1973 to 1975 was completed, and the texture of the city was changed. Street Shahpur, Street Reza Shah Kabir, Street Farhang, Street Saadi, Shir-o-Khorshid Hospital, Imamzadeh Abdollah, and Spinning, weaving, and textile factories were built. [[Road 77 (Iran)|Road 77]], Sepah-e Danesh school, Paddy factory, [[Grundig]] and [[Kubota]] in Iran came to fruition in 1963. Supporting Abali Hotel, Rineh Tourism Center, and Reinforcement of Amol Port was done as a tourism project. During this period, the municipal sewage system and electricity were modernized.<ref>Amol History Comprehensive Book / 201, 103, 223, 89</ref> During this period, behest of Reza Shah the railway between Tehran and Amol began seventeen years ago, and gradually a large part of it was built, except for sixty kilometers between Abegarm and Amol, Which totally stopped construction in September in the beginning Anglo-Soviet invasion to Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashruteh.org/wiki/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF_-_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=رضا شاه بزرگ – راه‌آهن سراسری ایران – مشروطه|website=mashruteh.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
At the end of the kingdom, an agreement was signed between the Ministry of Agriculture of the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi]] Government of Iran and the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China on the extension of agricultural technical cooperation to develop research and increase rice production and was implemented at the Amol Rice Research Institute of Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashruteh.org/wiki/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1/_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B4%DB%B2|title=بیست و پنجمین سال شاهنشاهی اعلیحضرت محمدرضا شاه پهلوی آریامهر/ سال ۱۳۴۲ – مشروطه|website=mashruteh.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
With the beginning of the [[Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran]], there was a forest uprising. The [[1982 Amol uprising|Jungle Uprising]] in 1982 of the [[Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)]] mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started  wars against the Islamic Republic in those jungles. It finally organized a famous uprising on January 25, 1982. The Communist Union, based on its Maoist policy and with its mindset of guerrilla and peasant wars, established on the outskirts of the Haraz Road pathway of several important provinces and cities of the country and suitable camouflage of Amol forest and mine reasons to choose in the forest its strategy for war. The union assassinated 600 people during three operations in Amol on November 9 and 13, 1981, and January 25, 1982. The [[Mojahedin]] used machine guns and rocket-propelled grenade launchers against units of the Pasdaran. Smaller left-wing opposition groups, including the [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas]], attempted similar guerrilla activities. In July 1981, members of the Union of Communists tried to seize control of the town of Amol. This uprising was a failure, and most of the Maoist and UIC leaders were hanged, but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected among some Iranian Leftist organizations. It also experienced various theoretical and political crises. The clashes lasted from November to February for four months.
This day became known in the Iranian calendar as ''Epic 6 Bahman'' or ''Epic of the People of Amol''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.concepts.org/index.php?title=1982_Amol_uprising|title=::1982 Amol uprising – ::concepts|website=www.concepts.org|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=January 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116135239/http://www.concepts.org/index.php?title=1982_Amol_uprising|url-status=dead}}</ref> After this incident, [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] only mentioned the name of the city of Amol in the political and divine testament and wrote, ''We have to thank the people of Amol''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://farsi.khamenei.ir/imam-content?id=8638|title=باید از مردم آمل تشکر کنیم|website=farsi.khamenei.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
====21st century====
[[File:17 Shahrivar field.jpg|thumb|right|17 Shahrivar Square (downtown)]]
[[File:Ghaem sq Amol.jpg|thumb|right|Ghaem Square Amol from the top]]
[[File:Amol City Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Today, most traffic of the city, and connection from the north and south of the city is  through these two bridges]]
[[File:Park Golden amol - Iran - mazandaran.JPG|thumb|Talaei park]]
Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Bazaar and of Imam Reza Street, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. A lot of different construction projects are currently underway, that intend to modernize the city's infrastructure.
In the last few years, many squares, towers, boulevards, and bridges were built in Amol. For example, Haraz Street is one of the most modern streets of [[northern Iran]]. Amol is growing and turning into an industrialized town like most of the large Iranian cities. Today, Amol is a thriving metropolis. One of the things they really lack is an airport so there are no cheap flights to Amol. Some of the most famous companies in Iran have main offices located in this city. Good secondary and tertiary education is being offered here as well. Islamic Azad University, for instance, is one of the biggest universities in the Middle East. Now in Amol, there is a municipality and special governor. Amol is one of the research centers for scientific development, knowledge-based sciences, and the Science and Technology Park of Iran. At present, Amol is the center of dairy and livestock products, mining sand, nurturing products such as meat, flowers, and fish, and producing rice in Iran. Industrial machinery products are also very popular in Amol and Iran Heavy Diesel Factory is located in Amol Industrial Town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flighthub.com/cheap-flights-to-Amol|title=Cheap flights to Amol &#124; FlightHub|website=www.flighthub.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
At present especially since 2017, in addition to mass construction of residential buildings, the construction of small streets and hall sports in the deprived areas of the city has accelerated.<ref>Report of the Second National Conference on Construction Participation</ref>
===Bitter events===
* Amol Gullies were completely destroyed. Since the Sasanian Empire then, the town has suffered earthquake and flood damage several times, but each time, it has recovered, and it is still a considerable town. During the Pahlavi dynasty, the city was burned twice due to fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlai.ir/exhibition?p_p_id=exhibitionview_WAR_nlaiportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_exhibitionview_WAR_nlaiportlet_exid=258870|title=نمایشگاه – سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی ایران|website=www.nlai.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608214143/http://www.nlai.ir/exhibition?p_p_id=exhibitionview_WAR_nlaiportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_exhibitionview_WAR_nlaiportlet_exid=258870|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Daryay Mazandaran va piramoon an By Kamal Mahmoudzadeh</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fa.alalamtv.net/news/1574130/%D9%85%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=مـــــازندران – شبکه خبری العالم|website=fa.alalamtv.net|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608214143/https://fa.alalamtv.net/news/1574130/%D9%85%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiees.ac.ir/en/sangchal-bandpay-earthquake-of-02-july-1957-mw7-0/|title=Sangchal (Bandpay) Earthquake of 02 July 1957, Mw7.0|date=July 2, 2016|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Flooding in Mount Deryouk, and the destruction of the entire city.
* Dangerous diseases that plague the year 1198 AH
* The outbreak of the dangerous plague that took place in 1198 AH destroyed countless civilians
* The war of the local kings with the Arabs
* Mongol invasion of Genghis Khan and his descendants to Tabaristan
* Wajih ad-Din Masud attack in Amol
* Battle Alavid and Saffarian Samanid in Amol
* Battle House of Karen and Bavandids in the city
* Samanid Empire attack to royan and Amol with the House of Ispahbudhan
* Timur war with the kings Marashis and killing people and battle with Iskandar-i shaykhi
* Attack Mas'ud I of Ghazni on the city
* Shah Ismail I and Shah Abbas Safavid King wars attack the Amol and killing people
* Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar attacked the Larijan and Amol, killing people and destroying the city
* Conflagration in 1335 AH caused a lot of damage and severe destruction to the city. This fire and fire occurred in the year 6 AH, which first started near the Niyaki ridge and was swept across the city by the wind and reached the Haraz River, causing a fire to the gunpowder shop and ammunition shop. The shop exploded and a terrible fire broke out across the river, and then the whole city of Amol was blown away by the wind. It is known that the fire took place in April when residents were enjoying the Nowruz celebration, and much of the city was turned gray
* [[1957 Sangchal earthquake|Sangchal (Bandpay) earthquake of July 2, 1957]]
* Destroying people with Disease glanders
=== First in Iran ===
* The first steel mill in Iran<ref>Towards a Modern Iran: Studies in Thought, Politics and Society</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/97080502008/اینجا-قرار-بود-نخستین-کارخانه-ذوب-آهن-ایران-باشد-تصاویر|title=اینجا قرار بود نخستین کارخانه ذوب‌آهن ایران باشد+تصاویر|date=October 27, 2018|website=ایسنا|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>Haj Muhammad Hassan Amin al-Zarb: His World and His Philosophy of Life</ref>
* The first artillery and gunpowder workshop in Iran<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bidaran.ir/fa/news/918/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C|title=نادر شاه افشار و تلاش برای ایجاد نیروی دریایی|website=bidaran.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608214142/http://bidaran.ir/fa/news/918/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The first foundry in Iran<ref>In the time of Nader Shah Afshar</ref><ref>NAVY i. Nāder Shah and the Iranian Navy / Encyclopædia Iranica</ref><ref>Persia and the Persian Question, Volume 2 / [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]</ref>
* The first modern railway in Iran<ref>Persia and the Persian Question, Volume 1 / [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
* The first banknote printing factory in Iran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ettelaat.com/mobile/?p=99652&device=phone|title=You are being redirected...|website=www.ettelaat.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* The first road building in Iran<ref>History of construction in the first Pahlavi period</ref>
* The first commercial port in northern Iran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.donya-e-eqtesad.com/بخش-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-36/932430-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86|title=شهرنشینی و ساختارهای آن در طبرستان|website=روزنامه دنیای اقتصاد|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>The Diary of H.M. the Shah of Persia, During His Tour Through Europe in A.D. 1873</ref>
* The first cotton gin factory in Iran<ref>History of commercial houses in the Pahlavi and Qajar eras</ref>
* The first mineral water factory in Iran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.falateghareh.com/asham/history/|title=تاریخچه آب های معدنی در ایران|first=مدیر وب|last=سایت|date=November 16, 2016|website=بخش آشامیدنی فلات قاره|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* The first mdf wood factory in Iran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mitachoob.com/blog/2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%81?page_type=post|title=MDF sheet history}}</ref>
* The oldest seminary in Iran<ref name="auto"/>
==Demographics==
===Language, religion, timeline===
{{See also|Mazandarani language}}
Most Amoli people speak the [[Mazandarani language]] - ''Tabari'' as a mother tongue; however, [[Persian language|Persian]] is the most common language spoken in Iran and is the ''[[lingua franca]]''.
Northern provinces of Iran in the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] or [[Sassanid]] period, probably, was [[Zoroastrian]]. There clearly are temples in the province. Mazandaran people converted to Islam around the second century AH. Amol, as the first prime city center, was a Twelver Shiite theocracy. At present, the majority of people are followers of [[Shia Islam]]. Mazandaran ( including Amol) has its own calendar months in addition to the official [[Tabarian calendar|Tabari calendar]] of the moon, used since the era of [[Yazdagird (Bavandid ruler)|Yazdgerd]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/calendars|title=CALENDARS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=iranicaonline.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> Based on experiments and research [[Max Planck Society]], The people of Mazandaran have long been the most original people living in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/mazandarani.htm|title=Mazandarani language, alphabet and pronunciation|website=omniglot.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Population===
The population history of the city proper is as follows. All figures are official census figures from the Iranian Statistics Institute.<ref name=amar>{{cite web|title=Iran Statistics Institute|url=http://amar.sci.org.ir/|access-date=June 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711193927/http://amar.sci.org.ir/|archive-date=July 11, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1956
! 1966
! 1976
! 1986
! 1991
! 1996
! 2006
! 2011
! 2016
|-
| 22,251
| 40,076
| 68,963
| 118,242
| 139,923
| 159,092
| 197,470
| 219,915
| 237,528
|}
Breakdown of 2006 census:<ref name="2006 Mazandaran Province"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Total
! Male
! Female
! Family
|-
| 197,470
| 98,337
| 99,133
| 55,183
|}
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 197,470 in 551,183 households.<ref name="2006 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920090640/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 219,915 people in 67,182 households.<ref name="2011 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119182058/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 237,528 people in 78,597 households.<ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007110909/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Amol.Iran.jpg|thumb|illustration part of town from a hill]]
Amol is located on the banks of the [[Haraz River]] (26 25'N 52 21'E) at an altitude of 76 m above the sea. It is about 18&nbsp;km from the Caspian Sea and about 10&nbsp;km from the northern [[Alborz]] mountains. It is 180&nbsp;km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran, is 70&nbsp;km east of Amol. Mount Damavand (5610 m), the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol. Amol, with its elevated landscape and valleys, has dense forests. Its tall hills overlook the plains and stretch out to the high slopes of the [[Mount Damavand]]. The majestic and deep rocky valleys, rivers, numerous springs, elevated waterfalls, colorful vegetation, a variety of wild life, thermal springs, summer quarters, and rural settlements are some of the special factors which can prove attractive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/provinces/26_mazandaran/26_mazandaran.php|title=Iranian Provinces: Mazandaran|website=www.iranchamber.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> The city has Mediterranean climate with very hot summers and cool and humid winters. Maximum rainfall is usually in the month of December and minimum in the month of July.
===Ecology===
Amol has several dense forests and pastures.
The ecology of [[Tabaristan]] region had been an impediment to providing a regularly communicative path, and the Haraz path is one of the oldest ones that joined the north of Iran to the central plateau in different periods. A study attempts to deal with archaeological data of this communicative path in [[Sasanian]] period and at the beginning of Islam. A descriptive-analytical method and scaling archeological investigation in the region have been used in the study.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mazandaran.rmto.ir/English/Pages/Introduction.aspx|title=Introduction|website=mazandaran.rmto.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=November 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130040228/http://mazandaran.rmto.ir/English/Pages/Introduction.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The vegetation of the region can be divided into forest and grassland.
[[Caspian horse]], which is also called Khazar Horse was found for the first time in Amol rediscovered in 1965 by [[Louise Firouz]]. [[Mazandaran tiger]] also lived in the forests around Amol .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rbta.org/the-caspian-horse/|title=50th anniversary of Caspian horse's rediscovery|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220044235/http://www.rbta.org/the-caspian-horse/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Coherent===
Haraz Dam is the biggest dam north of Iran under construction on the [[Haraz River]] about 20&nbsp;km from Amol in the year 2009 by [[Khatam-al Anbiya Construction Headquarter]]. It is a 150-meter earth rockfill dam with 8.6&nbsp;million cubic meters of fill volume.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://daminfo.wrm.ir/fa/pageviewreport/761#|title=نمایش صفحه ای &#124; مدیریت منابع آب ایران|website=daminfo.wrm.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
[[JGC Corporation]] has also held talks to build a waste-to-energy plant, also known as waste incinerator, in the city of Amol in the northern [[Mazandaran Province]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/57137/niordc-expanding-cooperation-with-east-asian-companies|title=NIORDC Expanding Cooperation With East Asian Companies|date=January 8, 2017|website=Financial Tribune|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Climate===
Amol has somewhat short but hot summers and mild to cool winters. [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]] classifies its climate as [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cs'').
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Amol (2001-2005)
| Jan high C  =13.0
| Feb high C  =13.8
| Mar high C  =15.7
| Apr high C  =19.0
| May high C  =23.6
| Jun high C  =27.0
| Jul high C  =29.9
| Aug high C  =31.2
| Sep high C  =28.4
| Oct high C  =24.7
| Nov high C  =19.1
| Dec high C  =14.0
| year high C =
| Jan mean C  =8.4
| Feb mean C  =9.1
| Mar mean C  =11.5
| Apr mean C  =15.0
| May mean C  =19.9
| Jun mean C  =23.6
| Jul mean C  =26.0
| Aug mean C  =27.0
| Sep mean C  =24.3
| Oct mean C  =20.1
| Nov mean C  =14.3
| Dec mean C  =9.7
| year mean C =
| Jan low C  =3.8
| Feb low C  =4.5
| Mar low C  =7.6
| Apr low C  =11.0
| May low C  =16.2
| Jun low C  =20.2
| Jul low C  =22.1
| Aug low C  =22.7
| Sep low C  =20.2
| Oct low C  =15.5
| Nov low C  =9.6
| Dec low C  =5.3
| year low C =
| precipitation colour  =
| Jan precipitation mm  =65.39
| Feb precipitation mm  =55.25
| Mar precipitation mm  =55.23
| Apr precipitation mm  =32.23
| May precipitation mm  =22.10
| Jun precipitation mm  =15.54
| Jul precipitation mm  =15.14
| Aug precipitation mm  =18.65
| Sep precipitation mm  =63.84
| Oct precipitation mm  =71.39
| Nov precipitation mm  =95.56
| Dec precipitation mm  =72.61
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan snow depth cm  = 1.0
| Feb snow depth cm  = 0.91
| Mar snow depth cm  = 0
| Apr snow depth cm  = 0
| May snow depth cm  = 0
| Jun snow depth cm  = 0
| Jul snow depth cm  = 0
| Aug snow depth cm  = 0
| Sep snow depth cm  = 0
| Oct snow depth cm  = 0
| Nov snow depth cm  = 0.55
| Dec snow depth cm  = 0
| year snow depth cm =
| Jan humidity    =79
| Feb humidity    =76
| Mar humidity    =79
| Apr humidity    =77
| May humidity    =75
| Jun humidity    =75
| Jul humidity    =75
| Aug humidity    =75
| Sep humidity    =77
| Oct humidity    =78
| Nov humidity    =79
| Dec humidity    =81
| year humidity   =
| Jan sun  =131
| Feb sun  =135.5
| Mar sun  =124.5
| Apr sun  =134.3
| May sun  =188.5
| Jun sun  =192.2
| Jul sun  =206.6
| Aug sun  =179.2
| Sep sun  =134.6
| Oct sun  =164.2
| Nov sun  =142.9
| Dec sun  =129.7
| year sun =
| source = IRIMO(Temperatures<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/5.asp |title=AVERAGE OF MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Amol (99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319215741/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/5.asp |archive-date=2016-03-19 |url-status=unfit |publisher=[[Iran Meteorological Organization|IRIMO]]}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/2.asp |title=AVERAGE OF MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Amol (99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531101100/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/2.asp |archive-date=2016-05-31 |url-status=unfit |publisher=IRIMO}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/3.asp |title=AVERAGE OF MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Amol(99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321103850/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/3.asp |archive-date=2016-03-21 |url-status=unfit |publisher=IRIMO}}</ref>), (Precipitation 2001-2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/25.asp |title=MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN MM. Station: Amol(99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319063645/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/25.asp |archive-date=2016-03-19 |url-status=unfit |publisher=[[Iran Meteorological Organization|IRIMO]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly total of precipitation for Amol (99309) |url=https://data.irimo.ir/withlogin/payment_complete1.aspx |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=21 May 2024 |language=Persian |format=XLS download |url-access=subscription |quote=lat: 36.479  lon:52.468}}</ref>), (Humidity<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/14.asp |title=AVERAGE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN PERCENT Station: Amol(99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819082929/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/14.asp |archive-date=2014-08-19 |url-status=unfit |publisher=IRIMO}}</ref>), (Sun<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/42.asp |title=MONTHLY TOTAL OF SUNSHINE HOURS Station: Amol(99309) |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914061219/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/maz/AMOL/42.asp |archive-date=2014-09-14 |publisher=IRIMO}}</ref>) Snow depth (2007-2023)<ref name="snow depth">{{cite web |title=Average maximum snow depth for Amol (99309) |url=https://data.irimo.ir/ |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=21 May 2024 |language=Persian |format=XLS download |url-access=subscription |quote=lat: 36.479  lon:52.468}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Amol
| Jan high C = 11.5
| Feb high C = 11.8
| Mar high C = 14.5
| Apr high C = 19.8
| May high C = 25.1
| Jun high C = 29.8
| Jul high C = 32.3
| Aug high C = 31.9
| Sep high C = 29.0
| Oct high C = 23.8
| Nov high C = 18.6
| Dec high C = 13.9
| Jan mean C =
| Feb mean C =
| Mar mean C =
| Apr mean C =
| May mean C =
| Jun mean C =
| Jul mean C =
| Aug mean C =
| Sep mean C =
| Oct mean C =
| Nov mean C =
| Dec mean C =
| Jan low C = 3.2
| Feb low C = 4.0
| Mar low C = 7.0
| Apr low C = 11.5
| May low C = 16.5
| Jun low C = 21.0
| Jul low C = 23.3
| Aug low C = 23.0
| Sep low C = 20.0
| Oct low C = 14.6
| Nov low C = 9.6
| Dec low C = 5.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 80
| Feb rain mm = 58
| Mar rain mm = 59
| Apr rain mm = 29
| May rain mm = 19
| Jun rain mm = 19
| Jul rain mm = 20
| Aug rain mm = 49
| Sep rain mm = 70
| Oct rain mm = 139
| Nov rain mm = 100
| Dec rain mm = 107
| Jan snow cm  = 1.2
| Feb snow cm  = 3.1
| Mar snow cm  = 1.6
| Apr snow cm  = 0.0
| May snow cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow cm  = 0.0
| Nov snow cm  = 1.2
| Dec snow cm  = 0.1
| Jan rain days  =10
| Feb rain days  =9
| Mar rain days  =11
| Apr rain days  =9
| May rain days  =7
| Jun rain days  =5
| Jul rain days  =4
| Aug rain days  =7
| Sep rain days  =7
| Oct rain days  =8
| Nov rain days  =8
| Dec rain days  =10
| Jan snow days  =0.4
| Feb snow days  =1.4
| Mar snow days  =0.3
| Apr snow days  =0
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.4
| Dec snow days  =0.1
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity    =81
| Feb humidity    =78
| Mar humidity    =77
| Apr humidity    =73
| May humidity    =70
| Jun humidity    =66
| Jul humidity    =67
| Aug humidity    =69
| Sep humidity    =70
| Oct humidity    =74
| Nov humidity    =77
| Dec humidity    =81
| Jan light = 10
| Feb light = 10.9
| Mar light = 12
| Apr light = 13.1
| May light = 14.1
| Jun light = 14.6
| Jul light = 14.4
| Aug light = 13.5
| Sep light = 12.4
| Oct light = 11.2
| Nov light = 10.2
| Dec light = 9.7
| Jan uv  =3
| Feb uv  =4
| Mar uv  =3
| Apr uv  =5
| May uv  =6
| Jun uv  =7
| Jul uv  =7
| Aug uv  =7
| Sep uv  =6
| Oct uv  =4
| Nov uv  =4
| Dec uv  =4
| source = [https://www.weather2visit.com/# Weather2visit],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather2visit.com/middle-east/iran/amol.htm |title=Āmol monthly weather averages |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=weather2visit}}</ref> Weather atlas(Snow-daylight-UV)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iran/amol-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Amol, Iran |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Weather Atlas}}</ref>
}}
===Weather===
The climate of Amol city is similar to other parts of [[Mazandaran]]; in hot and humid summers and mild winters. The maximum amount of rainfall falls in December and the least in July. It has a special climate in its regions.
==Excavation sites==
In recent years, during the excavation of the hill of Qaleh Kesh, some ancient jewelry was discovered. Radiocarbon analysis revealed the background of the jewelry and objects to date from the 1st millennium BC or from the [[Bronze Age]]. New exploration of the Baliran works found the items to be from the  [[Paleolithic]] Age.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chtn.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=84&articleType=ArticleView&articleId=78646 |title=There are Bronze Age architecture at Amol |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130191114/http://www.chtn.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=84&articleType=ArticleView&articleId=78646 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:Karchikola1.jpg|thumb|left|Kalleh Dairy Factory]]
Amol is the center of dairy, poultry,  livestock products, [[Steel building]], and rice in Iran. [[Mineral water]], meat, dairy, wood, Metal machine products, and [[ingots]] are the main production industries that are in the city. Agriculture and Tourism are the basic contrutor of the economy. Amol has an economic base is in its provincial products. Agriculture has always been a major part of the economy in and around Amol.
Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province, with Agriculture and Tourism being the base of the Amol economy. Rice, [[cereal|grain]], fruits, cotton, tea, [[sugarcane]], and silk are produced in the lowland.
[[Mineral water]], meat, dairy, wood and [[ingots]] are the main manufacturing industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/category/Places/Asia/irngeo.html|title=Iranian Political Geography|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> 68% of exports of Mazandaran  done from Amol.<ref>[http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9004050091 Amol exports to seven countries]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/82603966/36-tons-of-trout-exports-from-Astara-to-Russia|title=36 tons of trout exports from Astara to Russia|date=July 19, 2017|website=IRNA English|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> In the 18th century – 19th century, Amol iron and iron goods were traded all over Iran and as far abroad as [[Baghdad]] and [[Damascus]] and the society. Linen, rice, handicrafts, honey, wood, mat and gold were regularly sent to the trade houses in [[Rome]] and the Gulf countries.<ref>C. E. Bosworth, S. Blair, E. Ehlers, "ĀMOL"</ref> Now Food products, Citrus, Ornamental flowers, Cement and sand, Meat products, Industrial machinery, Rapeseed, Power cord, Electronic equipment and Mineral water are regularly exported to several countries, including [[Afghanistan]], Russia, [[Netherlands]], [[Iraq]], [[Pakistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]], [[Angola]], [[Oman]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Azerbaijan]] and Germany.
===Rice===
[[File:Paddy field Amol IRI 3.jpg|thumb|A typical rice paddy fields in the outskirts of Amol]]
[[File:Iran Rice Festival Amol.jpg|thumb|Iran Rice Festival at Amol]]
The Rice Research Institute of Iran was established in 1963 in Amol, and through its 50 years of research activity, it has had significant impacts on rice cultivation in the region. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://berenjamol.areo.ir/HomePage.aspx?Lang=en-US&site=berenjamol.areo&tabid=4877 |title=Rice Research Institute of Iran |access-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203060633/http://berenjamol.areo.ir/HomePage.aspx?Lang=en-US&site=berenjamol.areo&tabid=4877 |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
At the opening   ceremony  of the Institute located at Haraz Road, [[Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi]] introduced Amol as the capital of rice and science. [[Winston Churchill]] stated that [[Tehran]] was supplied with rice by [[Mazandaran]] because of transportation facilities through the Amol.
Amol rice is considered a high-quality product and is exported across the world. Iran's rice export terminal at Amol was established 2016.<ref>[http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/countries/iran/index.html Technology Development Center in Amol],</ref>
Iran International Rice Trade Center and Export Terminal was inaugurated of Amol, on August 21, 2019, in the presence of First Vice President [[Hassan Rouhani]]. The center has been established with private investment amounting to over 1&nbsp;trillion rials ($8.58&nbsp;million) covering an area over 17 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.en.eghtesadonline.com/Section-economy-4/29937-int-rice-export-terminal-opens-in-northern-iran|title=Int'l Rice Export Terminal Opens in Northern Iran|website=Eghtesad Online|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.otaghiranonline.ir/news/22175|title=Iranian private sector opens International Rice Trade Centre & Export Terminal|website=Iran Chamber Newsroom|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> Nowadays,  rice seedling celebrations are held every year in Amol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jkmaz.ir/Home/ShowDetailsDocument?DocId=52895|title=برگزاری جشن اولین نشای مکانیزه برنج سال 97 درکشور در روستای فیروزکلا دشت سر شهرستان آمل|date=15 Jan 1397|website=jkmaz.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Industry===
Amol was one of the primary cities in the production of [[bricks]], tobacco, rice, paper and [[guns]] since thousands of years ago.
Ultra Quality Rice and Fresh [[Fruits]] are major products of the farmers. 65% industry in the [[Mazandaran province]] it is located in Amol. It is one of the centers meat and dairy products in [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://berenjamol.areo.ir|title=Industry Mazandaran|access-date=July 29, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Horticulture and [[greenhouse]] are the city's other important activities.
The company, Solico including Kalleh Dairy and Kalleh Meat are three of the biggest corporations in Asia that are located in Amol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solico-group.com/|title=Solico Food Industries|website=www.solico-group.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
Currently, three industrial towns are active in the counties named [[Industrial Estate, Amol]], Babakan Industrial Estate, and Tashbandan.
Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company, the car and ship's locomotive engine maker is based in Amol. Iran's  [[security paper]]s, banknotes, checks, passport pages and birth certificates are produced by Takab, located in Amol.<ref>Mazandaran Industry in the Islamic Republic / ISNA</ref>
====Major corporations====
''Domestic companies''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*Kalleh Company ([[Kalleh Dairy|dairy]] – meat)<ref>[http://kalleh.com/Default.aspx?tabid=284 About Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627062714/http://kalleh.com/Default.aspx?tabid=284 |date=June 27, 2015 }}. Dairy.kalleh.com. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
*[[DESA (company)|DESA]] Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company DESA
*Fouladin Zob (FZA)<ref>[http://www.fzaco.com/ شرکت فولادین ذوب آمل – فذا]. Fzaco.com. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
*TAKAB<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbi.ir/page/5679.aspx |title=كارخانه توليد كاغذ اسناد بهادار |publisher= Cbi.ir |access-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref> Security Paper Mill – Iranian Money Printing
*Khazar Electric<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khze.com/fa/|title=خزر الکتریک|first=خزر|last=الکتریک|date=July 29, 2015|website=خزر الکتریک|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*Haraz Dairy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.doosheh.com/|title=شرکت لبنیات هراز|website=www.doosheh.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*Delveseh Food Industries<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delveseh.com/|title=صفحه نخست|website=صنایع غذایی دلوسه|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*Polur Mineral Water<ref>[http://www.polurco.com/home.htm POLUR]. Polurco.com. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
*Nestlé Iran<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nestle.ir/fa/Pages/nestle.aspx |title=Home Nestlé Iran |publisher=Nestle.ir |access-date=March 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223021134/http://www.nestle.ir/fa/Pages/nestle.aspx |archive-date=February 23, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Zarbal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zarbal.com/english/class.asp?id=1 |title=Zarbal |publisher=Zarbal.com |access-date=March 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217144844/http://www.zarbal.com/english/class.asp?id=1 |archive-date=February 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Abescon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abescon.co/|title=صنایع آلومینیومی آبسکون &#124; شرکت آبسکون تولید کننده پروفیل آلومینیومی &#124; صفحه اصلی|website=صنایع آلومینیوم آبسکون|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*Nasaji Babakan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://babakanco.com/|title=Homeگروه صنعتی نساجی بابکان|website=babakanco.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*Aras Bazar pharmaceutical Co<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abcdaroo.com/|title=سايت ارس بازار|website=abcdaroo.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
*[[Garma Electric]]
*Amolo Mineral Water
*Zarrin Soleh Jam
*Dirgodaz Amol
{{col-break}}
*Safa Industrial Group
*SPS
*Amol Boresh
*Mazandaran Cable
*Nava Mineral Water
*Baaz
*Tpciran
*Mollen
*Sepidan
*Gela Dairy
*Khazar Choob
*PGA (Peyman)
*Sangsa
*Kardar Group
{{col-end}}
''Foreign companies''
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nestlé Pure Life]]
*Hochland SE
{{col-end}}
==== Native Industries====
[[Pottery]] is common in the city. Pottery is the material from which the pottery ware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery. Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery. There are also [[fish farming]] center in the foothills and around the city, including [[trout]] and [[sturgeon]]. Today, the percentage of aquaculture production in Amol is equal to the Caspian Sea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/1527862/برابری-تولید-آبزیان-پرورشی-در-آمل-با-دریای-مازندران|title=برابری تولید آبزیان پرورشی در آمل با دریای مازندران|date=February 7, 2012|website=خبرگزاری مهر اخبار ایران و جهان; Mehr News Agency|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Public Service===
''Shopping''
The city is served by [[Refah Chain Stores Co.]], [[Iran Hyper Star]], [[Isfahan City Center]], [[Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc.]], [[:fa:شرکت فروشگاه‌های زنجیره‌ای افق کوروش|Ofoq Kourosh chain store]].
Most of the branded stores and upper-class shops are located in the center of the city streets, namely Mahdieh, Shahradari, 17 Shahrivar, Mostafa Khomeini, Heraz and Taleghani and Sabzeh Meydan neighborhood. The important shopping stores are
* [[Oxin City Center]]
* Aftab Mall
* Ghaem Shopping Center
* Sepehr complex
* Oxin Mall
* Ghaem Gold Mall
* Grand Passage Amol
* Morvarid Passage
* Farzaneh Passage
* Akhavan Passage
* Mirdamad Passage
''Hotel''
The first hotel in the city with the name Hotel Shahr was built by Austrian engineers in the year 1972 and used to be called Shahrdari (Municipality) Hotel. It was later renovated in 2014 to be used as an accommodation by visitors. Other well known hotels are
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[City Hotel Amol]]
* Oxin Hotel
* Shomal Olympic Hotel
* Niloofar Hotel
}}
''Hospital''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*Shomal Hospital ([[Medical tourism]])
*Imam Khomeini Hospital
*Imam Reza Hospital
*17 Shahrivar Hospital
*Imam Ali Hospital
*Peyman Hospital
*Nik Darman Hospital
}}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Oxincitycenter.jpg|Oxin City Center
File:Oxin City Center 3.jpg|Oxin City Center
File:Oxin Hotel Iran Amol.jpg|Oxin Hotel
File:Shomalhospital.jpg|Shomal Hospital
File:EntHarazstreet.jpg|Aftab Shopping Center
File:Imam Reza Hospital.jpg|Imam Reza Hospital
File:Hotel City of Amol.jpg|Hotel City (Hotel Shahr)
</gallery>
==Culture==
Amol has a long history based on  its ancestors, who were intellectuals and had great contributions to local and national events. Depending on the culture of the people some of the ancient ceremonies mingled with  Mazandaran Islamic traditions. Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Wool, felting, felt hat production, and mat weaving are part of the Amoli culture. Varf Chal, Locho Wrestling, Palm and [[Tiregan]] named ''Damavand National Day'' are local events held each year. Tirgan is an important celebration in Iran's history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/_Arash_the_Archer_and_the_Festival_of_Rain.htm|title=Tirgan: The Festival of Rain|website=www.iranreview.org|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> In Mazandaran, this day is known as ''Tir Maah Sizdah Sho''. The name literally means 13th night of the month of Tir. It occurs on the 12th of Aban, the 8th month of the Persian calendar, and is celebrated in the province of Mazandaran. Its history goes back to the pre-Islamic era of Iran and is mentioned in the accredited history book of Tarikh Tabari. The celebration has a specific procedure, 13 different kinds of edibles are prepared, and members of the household should stay home for that special night. Tiregan is one of the biggest festivals in ancient Iran. Traditionally, it is held on the Tir day (ancient days) of Tir month, equal to the 13th of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar, and equivalent to the 10th of Tir in Shamsi year.
Tiregan is celebrated on the 13th of Tir in the foothills of Rineh city of Larijan in Amol, Mazandaran Province. It is celebrated by splashing water, dancing, reciting poetry, and serving traditional foods such as spinach soup and sholezard. The custom of tying rainbow-colored bands on wrists, which are worn for ten days and then thrown into a stream, is also a way to rejoice by the children of the city.
Another ceremony is called Varf Chal. Every spring, people in Ab Ask, a village near the northern city of Amol, mark a 600-year-old ceremony called Varf Chal, which literally means snow storing.
[[Nowruz]] - Iranians celebrate this ancient festival and is also important in Amol. [[Nowruz Khani]], or singing for Nowruz, is a Tabari Gilani tradition in which in the latest days of the year before the Persian New Year (Nowrooz), people go at the door of their neighbors and sing songs about the impending coming of the spring.
Locho wrestling has been held in the north of Iran in Mazandaran as a traditional, frank, and ancient sport for 1600 years. This wrestling, which is also known as the Locho heroic sport, has a particular position in the culture and valuable beliefs of the locals, and now, it is a national registered heritage.
Amoli people are said to spend much on books, clothes and food. They spend their leisure time going to cinemas, art exhibitions, music concerts, and international book fairs that are held in the city most of the time in the year.
Amol is known as the city of Mystics and philosophers, Hezar sangar, Productive, and Alavian. Amol has been host [[Fajr International Theater Festival]] and Jasmine International Film Festival.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Tirgan-Iran-Amol.jpg|[[Tirgan]] and Damavand National Day Festival at Amol
File:Erikeh Aryaei event.jpg|Arikeh Aryaei hall in Amol
File:Book City of Amol.jpg|Book City in Amol
</gallery>
==Old city==
===Old district of Amol===
The main body of the old city of Amol is located in the old bazaar of Amol. The old bazaar is the main pillar and core of the city's organizer, and its original existence dates back to before Islam and its core 900 years ago. The main constituents of the city Bazaar Amol, known as ''Paein Baazar'' or '' Bazaar Chaharsogh'' situated in the city center, have lost some of their former importance due to social, economic, and historical reasons. The roofs of the shops here are made of earthenware tiles on an incline so as to be a protection against the sun and rain. The open spaces within, are used to set up weekly bazaars.
Historic mosques and old houses located along the market and tribal quarters of the people are also available in the market. Tuesday era [[Sassanid]], [[Qajar]] and contemporary is evident in the alleys of the market and its neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amol.gov.ir/index.php?static&sid=1607 |title=History of architecture Amol |access-date=December 4, 2016 |archive-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316024532/http://www.amol.gov.ir/index.php?static&sid=1607 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Older neighborhoods===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*Bazaar Chahar Soogh (بازار چهارسوق)
*Kashi Mahaleh (کاشی محله)
*Moshaei Mahaleh (مشایی محله)
*Shahandasht Mahaleh (شاهاندشت محله)
*Shahrbanu Mahaleh (شهربانو محله)
*Kardgar Mahaleh Amiriha  (کاردگر محله امیری ها)
*Gorji Mahaleh (گرجی محله)
*Espeh-Kola (اسپه کلا)
*Qadi Mahaleh (قادی محله)
*Niaki Mahaleh (نیاکی محله)
*Rodgari Mahaleh Chaksar (رودگری محله چاکسر)
*Gol Bagh Mahaleh (گلباغ محله)
*Aski Mahaleh (اسکی محله)
*Chelabi Mahaleh (چلابی محله)
*Khavar Mahaleh (خاور محله)
*Haron Mahaleh (هارون محله)
*Sabze Meydan (سبزه میدان)
*Rezvanieh (رضوانیه)
*Avam Koy (عوام کوی)
{{col-end}}
{{Clear}}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Houseofold.jpg|Manouchehri House in old Amol
File:Architecture.ShafaheHouse.Amol.002.jpg|Window Shafahi House in old Amol
File:MosqueAghaabbas.jpg|Agha Abbas Mosque in old Amol
File:Baazar Amol (Chaharsoogh).jpg|Entrance Amol Bazaar
File:Imamzadeh-Qasem.jpg|View of Imamzadeh Qasem in old Amol
</gallery>
==Historical and natural attractions==
In City and County:
* [[Mount Damavand]] is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.
* [[Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg]] (Tomb of Qavam al-Din Marashi)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mir%20Ghavam-O-Din%20Maraashi%20Mausoleum&serial=1267&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False|access-date=September 4, 2006|title=Mir-Buzurg Tomb}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Lar Dam]]
* [[Lar National Park]]
* Mosque of [[Hasan al-Utrush]] Originally a small tomb tower before renovation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Naser-Ol-Hagh%20Mausoleum&serial=1270&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False |access-date=September 4, 2006|title=Big naser Tomb tower}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Sayyid Haydar Amoli]] (Seyyed Se Tan Tomb tower)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Seyyed%20Setan%20Shrine&serial=1449&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False |access-date=September 4, 2006|title=Tomb tower Mir Haydar}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* [[Moalagh Bridge]]
* [[Davazdah Cheshmeh]] Bridge
* [[Shahandasht Waterfall]]
* Amol Bazaar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itto.org/iran/attraction/amol-bazaar-mazandaran/|title=Amol Bazaar 2020 Tourist Attraction in Amol, travel to iran, Visit Iran|first=Sirang Rasaneh|last=www.sirang.com|website=itto.org &#124; Iran Tourism & Touring|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Amol History Museum]]
* Malek Bahman Castle
* [[Nassereddin Shah relief]] (known as Shekl-e Shah)
* [[Jameh Mosque of Amol]]
* Agha Abbas Mosque
* Kafar Koli Caves
* [[Yakhi Waterfall]]
* [[Deryouk Waterfall]]
* Shah Abbasi Baths
* [[Fire Temple of Amol]] (known as Shams Al-Rasol)
* Imamzadeh Ibrahim
* The Sasanian Road
* Zaman Valley
* Tower Khidr Nabi
* Village forest Blairan
* Village forest Alimastan
* Gol-e Zard Cave
* [[Manouchehri House Amol|Manouchehri Mansion]]
* Shafahi House
* Ab Ask Thermal Springs
* Ashraf Bath<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itto.org/iran/attraction/Ashraf-Bath-Amol/|title=Ashraf Bath 2020 Tourist Attraction in Amol, travel to iran, Visit Iran|first=Sirang Rasaneh|last=www.sirang.com|website=itto.org &#124; Iran Tourism & Touring|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Inn Kemboja
* Heshtel Towers
* Kahrud Castle
* Sangi Bridge Polour
* Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
* Imamzadeh Qasem Shrine
* Imamzadeh Abdollah Shrine<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itto.org/iran/attraction/493-Imamzadeh-Abdollah/|title=Imamzadeh Abdollah 2020 Tourist Attraction in Amol, travel to iran, Visit Iran|first=Sirang Rasaneh|last=www.sirang.com|website=itto.org &#124; Iran Tourism & Touring|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Mohammad Taher Shrine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mohammad%20Taher%20Shrine&serial=2841&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False |access-date=September 4, 2006|title=Shrine Taher}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Ab ask Thermal Springs<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itto.org/iran/attraction/495-Ab-Esk-Larijan-Thermal-Springs/|title=Ab Esk (Larijan) Thermal Springs 2020 Tourist Attraction in Amol, travel to iran, Visit Iran|first=Sirang Rasaneh|last=www.sirang.com|website=itto.org &#124; Iran Tourism & Touring|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Lake Sahon
* Haj Ali Kochak Mosque
* Ab Murad Waterfall
* Sang Darka Waterfall
* Amoloo Mineral Water Spring
* Forest Park Mirza Kuchak Khan Haraz
* Forest Park Halumsar
* Ziaru Jungle
* Dehkadeh Talaei Park
* [[Larijan Hot Spring]]
* [[Dokhaharan lake]]
* Hosseiniyeh of Amol
* Plain Shaghayegh Larijan
* Gabri Tower
* Mir-Safi Baths
* Tomb Darvish Sheikh Ismail
* Robat Sangi Polur
* Prairie anemone of Polur
* Haj Ali Arbab House
* Do Berar Peak
* Sahun Lake
* Ancient Hill Qaleh Kesh
* Larijan Thermal Spring
* Rineh Thermal Springs
* Kolakchal Mountain
* Ghoredagh Mountain
* Div Asiyab Spring
* Hand Caves in Larijan
* Tekyeh Firuz Kola
* Amiri Waterfall
* Mahan Waterfall
* Lasem Ab Morad Waterfall
* Pol-e Mun Castle
* Saghanefar Hendu Kola
* Saghanefar Zarrin Kola
* Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
* Takyeh Oji Abad
{{Clear}}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Amol moalagh(Felezi) bridge.jpg|Pol-e No (lit. "New Bridge"), aka Moalagh Bridge
File:Mir-iBuzurgTomb.jpg|Tomb of Mir-i Buzurg known as Mashad Mir Bozorg
File:Tomb Mausoleum Mir sayyed Heydar Amuli (Seyyed 3 tan)fakhrul islam and rukn al din Amuli.JPG|Tomb of Mir Haydar Amuli known as Seyyed Se Tan
File:Hasan al-Utrush Tomb.jpg|Nasir-al-hagh tomb
File:امامزاده ابراهیم آمل.jpg|Imamzadeh Ebrahim
</gallery>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Amol Forest Park.jpg|Forest Park
File:Kandelu 9.JPG|Haraz River
File:Yellow Flowers on The Baliran Jungle.JPG|Baliran
File:Nature of Amol northern iran.jpg|Nature of Amol
File:Dehkadeh Talaei Park, Amol.jpg|Dehkadeh Talaei Park Lake
</gallery>
=== Historical monuments destroyed ===
There were many other historical monuments in Amol which have been destroyed throughout history.<ref>Encyclopaedia / Amol in over time</ref>
Here is a list of some of the most famous monuments that once stood:
* Amol government house (Dar al-Hakuma),
* The dome of Iraj son of Fereydoun,
* The house and bathhouse of Khajeh Yaghoub Majusi,
* Ameleh Palace and Tomb,
* Mashhad Sheikh Abu Turab, Sheikh Zahid Firooi tomb,
* Shrine Hassan ibn Hamza Alavi,
* Shrine of Sharaf al-Din,
* Shahriar Taj al-Dawla shrine,
* Malik Ashtar mosque and minaret,
* Firoozabad palace,
* Fortification Amol,
* Palace Khosrow Parviz,
* Parthian Fortress,
* Chaikhori mansion,
* Qal'eh Dokhtar,
* Afshar Soldiers camp,
* Khalidsara castle,
* Mahaneh Sar castle,
* Kahrud castle,
* Gabri tower,
* Eight caravanserais,
* Six baths,
* Twelve Ab anbar,
* Several mansions and as well as the garden and mansion of Shah Abbas Safavid.
==Souvenir==
List:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avalkhune.com/articles/Most%20Famous%20Souvenirs%20Province%20Mazandaran-snacks-Handicrafts|title=معروف‌ترین سوغات استان مازندران؛ ازخوراکی‌ تا صنایع دستی|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609113509/https://avalkhune.com/articles/Most%20Famous%20Souvenirs%20Province%20Mazandaran-snacks-Handicrafts|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://intoday.ir/souvenirs-of-mazandaran/|title=سوغات مازندران و شهرهای مختلف این استان با عکس &#124; این تودی|date=August 18, 2019|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 100
| image1            = 2014 uncooked Thai jasmine rice.jpg
| caption1          = Rice
| image2            = MazandaraniPastry.jpg
| caption2          = Dissimilar Pastry
| image3            = Shyrdak on floor.jpg
| caption3          = [[Felt]]
| image4            = Local Orange Variety of Kozan - Kozan Yerli Portakal 04.jpg
| caption4          = Orange
}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Rice (''Berenj'')
* [[Tursu]] (''Torshi'')
* Vegetable (''Sabzi'')
* [[Kilim]] (''Gelim'')
* [[Pottery]] (''Sofalgari'')
* [[Juglans]] (''Gerdoo'')
* Orange (''Porteghal'')
* [[Cherry]] (''Gilas'')
* [[Apple]] (''Sib'')
* [[Wood carving]] (''Monabat Kari'')
* [[Honey]] (''Asal'')
* [[Felt]] (''Namad'')
* [[Fruit preserves]] (''[[Murabba]]'')
* Local Bread (''Nan Mahali'')
* Pastry Ab dandan
* Pastry Aqooz Kennak
* Pastry Saghe aroos
* Naz Khatoon
* Abe Narenj
* Pisgendele
* Yogurt dalal
* Halva native
}}
===Food===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Kateh]]
*[[Kabab torsh]]
*[[Tah Chin]]
*[[Halva]]
*Peshte Zik
*Alu Mosema
*Morghe Torsh
*Shami Goosht
*[[Ash-e doogh]]
*Khoresht Aloo
*Mahi Shekam Por (''Stuffed Fish'')
*Morgh Shekam Por (''Stuffed Chicken'')
*Ordak Shekam Por (''Stuffed Duck'')
*Ispina-Saek
*[[Ashure]]
}}
==Transportation==
===Air base===
Amol is an air base with two helicopters relief [[Hilal Ahmar]]. This is the first center of Iran's air rescue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8907190533 |title=The first helicopter air ambulance in Iran |access-date=December 4, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220044512/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8907190533 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===By rail===
In 1886, during the time of [[Nasser-al-Din Shah]], an 8.7&nbsp;km {{Track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} [[Horsecar|horse-driven]] [[Commuter rail|suburban railway]] was established south of Tehran, which was later converted to [[steam]]. This line was closed in 1952. The First Iranian railway was set up in 1887 between [[Mahmudabad, Mazandaran|Mahmudabad]] and Amol; its construction was completely private. However, it was not used because of several problems.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/railroads-i |title=Railroads i. The First Railroad Built and Operated in Persia |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626032143/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/railroads-i |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmGcCwAAQBAJ&q=railway+between+Mahmudabad+and+Amol&pg=PR22|title=Persia and the Persian Question|first=George Nathaniel|last=Curzon|date=February 5, 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108080842|access-date=July 29, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>
In the modern times, fast train from north, [[Tehran]] to Amol started in 2013 and stopped working in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tinn.ir/بخش--29/75077-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF|title=عملیات قطعه دوم پروژه راه آهن برقی آمل تهران اجرایی می‌شود|website=تین نیوز|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===By car and bus===
Amol has the largest urban boulevard and highways within Mazandaran. In the city there are five bus terminals. Terminal International Firuzi is the largest terminal in North of Iran.
There is  an extensive bus route throughout the entire municipality as well as numerous public and private taxi services.
===Road===
[[File:Harazroad2.jpg|thumb|Haraz Road]]
* [[File:Iran First Level Road 77.png|18px]]
[[Road 77 (Iran)|Haraz Road]] (Road 77) is the most important road from Tehran to northern Iran (province of [[Mazandaran]]) besides [[Road 59 (Iran)|Karaj-Chaloos]]. This road passes from the valley of Haraz river and therefore is also known as Haraz Road between Amol and Rudehen. Haraz road is the nearest road to Mount Damavand, the highest peak in Iran and Middle East. Lar National Park is accessible via this road. The road is the shortest route from Tehran to the north (180&nbsp;km). In recent years, some parts of the road have been widened and safety has been improved. The ancient road is part of the Haraz road near Vana where ancient relics of the Old Road to Amol are visible. The road was replaced by the Veresk Road. Amol is the city with the largest boulevards and highways of Mazandaran. Haraz International Road is one of Iran's most important roads to Amol, which connects other cities to northern Iran. Roads such as Amol-Babol, Amol-Mahmoudabad (Coastal Road), Amol-Fereydunkenar and Amol-Noor can also be reached.
===Streets and boulevards===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Haraz Street
* Imam Reza Street
* Taleb Amoli Boulevard
* Ayatollah Taleghani Boulevard
* Nour Street
* Mahdieh Street
* Enghelab Street
* Janbazan Street
* Monfared Niyaki Boulevard
* Ayatollah Modarres Boulevard
* Yousefian Boulevard
* Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari Street
* 17 Shahrivar Street
* Basij Boulevard
* Laleh Street
* Farhang Street
* Amin Tabarsi Boulevard
* Shahid Beheshti Street
* Mostafa Khomeini Street
* Pasdaran Street
* Azadegan Boulevard
* Velayat Boulevard
* Motahhari Boulevard
* Hilal Ahmar Street
* Shahid Ghassemi Boulevard
* Resalat Street
{{div col end}}
{{Clear}}
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Haraz Street Amol.jpg|View of  Haraz Street (Summer season)
File:Harazstreetview.jpg|View of Haraz Street (Winter season)
File:Haraz Street 3.jpg|Haraz Street
File:Bridge at Amol.jpg|Taleb Amoli Boulevard bridge
File:Modarres St Amol.jpg|Modarres Boulevard - Entrance to the city from  Tehran
File:Imam Reza Street Amol.jpg|Imam Reza Street
</gallery>
==Customs==
In the old days, there was a large international port, which was a major trading port in northern Iran. It has become the city of [[Mahmoudabad]] (Ahlam). Now Amol Customs is being operated as part of Central Customs. It is located in the city of Amol and Amol products are exported to other cities under the supervision of Amol under water, land and air borders.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1645/2013/|title=Caspian sea-level changes during the last millennium: historical and geological evidence from the south Caspian Sea|first1=A.|last1=Naderi Beni|first2=H.|last2=Lahijani|first3=R.|last3=Mousavi Harami|first4=K.|last4=Arpe|first5=S. a. G.|last5=Leroy|first6=N.|last6=Marriner|first7=M.|last7=Berberian|first8=V.|last8=Andrieu-Ponel|first9=M.|last9=Djamali|first10=A.|last10=Mahboubi|first11=P. J.|last11=Reimer|date=July 29, 2013|journal=Climate of the Past|volume=9|issue=4|pages=1645–1665|access-date=July 29, 2020|via=cp.copernicus.org|doi=10.5194/cp-9-1645-2013|bibcode=2013CliPa...9.1645N|doi-access=free|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0014-5CD0-9|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
==Science==
[[File:Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science.jpg|upright|thumbnail|right|Shomal University]]
In the third to ninth centuries, Amol had  70 [[Khanqah]] and universities. In the 11th century, [[Nizam al-Mulk]], in his famous book named [[Siyasatnama]], recommended creation of modern institutions by the name of [[Nezamiyeh]] with academic status in the large cities of the Islamic world, such as [[Balkh]], [[Baghdad]], [[Damascus]], [[Neishabour]] and [[Bukhara]]. The name of Amol was also included among them. Most of the Allameh of Iran are born in this city. Also the first seminary by [[Hasan al-Utrush]] was built in Amol, which was later named Imam Hassan Askari Mosque. Amol at various times was the center of science and culture in Iran, for example, [[Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr]], [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]], [[Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]] and [[Avicenna]]. Three great men of Iran so-named [[Polymath]] respectively students [[Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli]], [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]], [[Siraj al-Din Qumri|Siraj Qumri]] and Abu Abdullah Al-Natili all three were born and residents of Amol. Also great historian of the world [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]], was from Amol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/muhammad-ibn-jarir-al-tabari|title=Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari Facts|website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</ref> Today likewise, scientific centers such as universities and schools and scientific congresses are active in the city. This branch of [[Pasteur Institute of Iran]] is located in the city of Amol in the state of Mazandaran. This institute comprises different departments. Amol with University of Special Modern Technologies and [[Tehran]] with [[Tehran University of Medical Sciences]]  hosted the Special Modern Technologies [[USERN]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usern.tums.ac.ir/News/New?title=First+Day+at+USERN+Second+Big+Event+of+the+Year+in+Amol|title=News – USERN|website=usern.tums.ac.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Colleges and universities===
Some of the biggest universities of Iran such as Shomal University are situated in Amol.
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Amol has three universities:
* [[Shomal University]] (Non-profit University)
* Amol University of Special Modern Technologies (The first state University of Amol)
* [[Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Amol Branch]] (One of The big University Middle East in terms of Area)
* Aban Haraz Institute of Higher Education<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://haraz.ac.ir/|title=موسسه آموزش عالی آبان هراز|website=haraz.ac.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Amol University<ref>[http://amol.ac.ir/ موسسه آموزش عالی آمل – صفحه اصلی]. Amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
* Mazandaran 5 (University of Applied Science and Technology UAST)<ref>[http://uast-amol.ac.ir/ دانشگاه علمي كاربردي واحد 5 مازندارن – آمل] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024224912/http://www.uast-amol.ac.ir/ |date=October 24, 2011 }}. Uast-amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
* Sabz Institute of Higher Education<ref>[http://sabz.ac.ir/ موسسه آموزش عالی سبز]. Sabz.ac.ir. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
* PNU Amol ([[Payame Noor University]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pnuamol.ac.ir/ |title=دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز آمل |publisher=Pnuamol.ac.ir |access-date=May 19, 2013}}</ref>
* Sama College<ref>[http://www.amol-samacollege.ir/ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما واحد آیت اله آملی]. Amol-samacollege.ir. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
* Nursing and Paramedical (University of Medical Sciences)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fnamol.mazums.ac.ir/ |title=fnamol.mazums.ac.ir |access-date=February 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726182229/http://amol.mubabol.ac.ir/ |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Pasteur Institute]], Iran of Amol<ref>[http://www.pasteur.ac.ir/French/index.htm Institut pasteur d'Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211172713/http://www.pasteur.ac.ir/French/index.htm |date=February 11, 2012 }}. Pasteur.ac.ir. Retrieved on March 1, 2012.</ref>
* College of Samangan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://samangan.ac.ir/ |title=موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی سمنگان |publisher=Samangan.ac.ir |access-date=May 19, 2013}}</ref>
* Applied Science Center Fza<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fza-uast.ac.ir/|title=- دانشگاه علمی کاربردی فذا|website=fza-uast.ac.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Amol Tohid girls College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://d-amol.tvu.ac.ir/fa/page/2335|title=خانه|website=دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* Allameh Hasanzadeh Amoli College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://p-amol.tvu.ac.ir/fa/page/6865|title=خانه|website=دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* University of Quranic Sciences<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://amol.quran.ac.ir/|title=دانشکده علوم قرآنی آمل|website=amol.quran.ac.ir|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Farhangian University]] at Amol<ref>[https://tmamol.cfu.ac.ir/mertebat TC Amol Cdu.ac.ir]</ref>
{{div col end}}
===Schools===
In Amol, the first new school was established in Niaki neighborhood next to Seyed Hassan Attar residential house, owned by Shir Mohammad Ali Gazaneh, with three classrooms called the ''Islamic National School''. They were able to sign a contract with two brothers, Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan Golpayegani. The school was opened and started with the management of Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan's teacher in 1904, one year before the victory of the [[Persian Constitutional Revolution]].
Other schools were built during the [[Pahlavi dynasty]], such as ''Malekzadeh High School'', ''Farhang School'', ''Shahdookht School'', ''Iran Girls' Elementary School'', ''Nusrat School'', ''Shariatzadeh School'', ''Tabari High School'', ''Danesh national primary School'' and ''Pahlavi High School''.<ref>A book examining the functional changes of Amol market from the past to the present / Dr. Nasser Fekouhi</ref>
Pahlavi High School that's today is known as Imam Khomeini High School, it was built in 1934 by German architecture engineers. The school was in 2019 registered to [[Iran National Heritage List]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4711811/مدرسه-ماندگار-آمل-در-فهرست-میراث-ملی-ثبت-شد-ثبت-۷۰-اثر-میراثی|title=مدرسه ماندگار آمل در فهرست میراث ملی ثبت شد/ ثبت ۷۰ اثر میراثی|date=September 5, 2019|website=خبرگزاری مهر &#124; اخبار ایران و جهان &#124; Mehr News Agency|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
==Sport==
[[Wrestling]], [[Volleyball]], [[Handball]], [[Futsal]], [[Basketball]], [[Boxing]], [[Race car]], [[Mountaineering]], [[Bodybuilding]], [[Karate]], [[Taekwondo]] and [[Kung Fu]] Popular sports in Amol.
[[Kalleh Mazandaran VC|Kalleh Mazandaran]] is a volleyball club based in Amol, [[Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship|Asian Club Champions]] [[2013 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship|2013]], currently competing in the highest tier of the Iranian volleyball classification, the [[Iranian Volleyball Super League]]. Kalleh a Most Popular in Iran and Asia. Kalleh Sports Club also has a basketball team named Kalleh Basketball and Young team volleyball named Kalleh Javan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldofvolley.com/NEWS|title=Volleyball news, transfers, interviews and blogs|website=worldofvolley.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Wrestling and volleyball===
Amol is the birthplace of many popular [[Wrestlers]] and [[Volleyball]] athletes.
Notable Athlete from Amol include like, [[Ghasem Rezaei]] Olympic gold and bronze medalist and [[Adel Gholami]] player in national team.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unitedworldwrestling.org/article/fila-legends-2012-olympian-ghasem-rezaei|title=FILA Legends: 2012 Olympian Ghasem Rezaei|website=United World Wrestling|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Club===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Club
! Sport
! League
|-
|[[Kalleh Mazandaran VC|Kalleh Mazandaran]]
|Volleyball
|[[Iranian Volleyball Super League|Super League]]
|-
|Labaniat Haraz Amol
|Volleyball
|[[Iranian Volleyball Super League|Super League]]
|-
|[[Ghand Katrin F.C.]]
|Futsal
|[[Iranian Futsal Super League|Super League]]
|-
|Fouladin Zob
|Wrestling
|[[Iranian Premier Wrestling League|Premier Wrestling League]]
|-
|Fouladin Zob
|Weightlifting
|Premier Weightlifting League
|-
|Damavand Amol
|Association football
|[[Iran Football's 3rd Division|3rd Division]]
|-
|Kalleh Mazandaran BC
|Basketball
|[[Iranian Basketball Super League|IBSL Super League]]
|-
|Raad Padafand Amol
|Handball
|Premier Handball League
|-
|Heyat Badminton Amol
|Badminton
|Badminton Premier League
|-
|Shahrvand Amol
|Basketball
|Wheelchair Premier League
|-
|Veterans & Disabled Amol
|Volleyball
|Women's Sitting Premier League
|-
|F.C Shahin Amol
|Association football
|Junior Premier League
|-
|Amol Football Association
|Futsal
|[[Iranian Women's Futsal Premier League|Women's Premier League]]
|}
===Stadium===
* [[Payambar Azam Arena]]
* Chamran Stadium
* Kalleh Stadium
===Host===
* [[2007 WAFF Futsal Championship]]
* [[West Asian Basketball Championship]]
* International Fajr Chess Championships 2018
* International Conference of Sport Science 2017
* FIVB Volleyball Coaches Course Level II held in Iran 2018
* Asia Chess Championship 2017
== Media and Cinema ==
Many newspapers and publications were published from Amol  since the constitution was a major strength in [[Mazandaran province]]. Now, several newspapers and weekly print are active. The first newspaper in Amol was in the name of ''Mazandaran''. ''Lesan Mellat'' and ''Shamshir Mellat'' was first printed  in 1949.<ref>History of Mazandaran Press to Safar Mazandaran Newspaper by Naser al-Din Shah</ref>
There are 3 cinemas. Farhang Cinema was the first Amol cinema to be built by Ebrahim Monfared in 1952 with a capacity of 200 seats. Moulin Rouge, Metropole and Arash are the other cinemas in the city that were built before the revolution.
==In literature==
[[File:Ferdowsi-Iran (6).jpg|thumb|left|A picture of Rostam in Ferdowsi's tomb]]
The first mention of [[Aryan]] dynasty is found in Ferdowsi masterpiece n the Persian epic, [[Shahnameh]].The name Amol has come up 16 times directly in Shahnameh. In Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when [[Fereydun]] sets its capital in city called Amol:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toiran.com/en/city-amol|title=Amol &#124; ToIran, Tourism Platform|website=www.toiran.com|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{lang|fa|
بیاراست گیتی بسان بهشت<br/>
به جای گیا سرو گلبن بکشت<br/>
از آمل گذر سوی تمیشه کرد<br/>
نشست اندر آن نامور بیشه کرد<br/>
بپردازم آمل نیایم به جنگ<br/>
سرم را ز نام اندرآرم به ننگ<br/>
بزرگان ایران ز گفتار اوی<br/>
بروی زمین برنهادند روی<br/>
چو اغریرث آمد ز آمل به ری<br/>
وزان کارها آگهی یافت کی<br/>
بدو گفت کاین چیست کانگیختی<br/>
که با شهد حنظل برآمیختی<br/>
منوچهر با سلم و تور سترگ<br/>
بیاورد ز آمل سپاهی بزرگ<br/>
به چین رفت و کین نیا بازخواست<br/>
مرا همچنان داستانست راست}}
―''[[Ferdowsi]]''
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
[[File:Arash the Archer Amol.jpg|thumb|The statue of Arash the Archer in Amol]]
Iranian hero Arash in Amol threw an arrow to determine the Iranian border; Arash threw from the castle with Amol sequel and its agents to reach the border to have called [[Turan]]. The arrow flew the entire morning and fell at noon on the far bank of the [[Oxus River]] in what is now Central Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myenglishclub.com/profiles/blogs/arashthe-archerkamangir-in|title=Arash the Archer The Heroic Archer of Iranian Legend|access-date=July 29, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023748/http://www.myenglishclub.com/profiles/blogs/arashthe-archerkamangir-in|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{lang|fa|از آن خوانند آرش را کمانگیر<br/>
که از آمل بمرو انداخت یک تیر}}
―''[[Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani]]''
{{col-end}}
==Notable people==
{{multiple image
| perrow    = 5
| total_width = 570
|align = right
|direction = horizontal
|header =
|image1 =
|alt1 = Al-Tabari
|caption1 = [[Al-Tabari]]
|width1 = 320
|image2 = Ali Larijani (2015-10-22) 01.jpg
|alt2 = Ali Larijani
|caption2 = [[Ali Larijani]]
|width2 = 288
|image3 = Ghasem Rezaei at the 2016 Summer Olympics.jpg
|alt3 = Ghasem Rezaei
|caption3 = [[Ghasem Rezaei]]
|width3 = 290
|image4 = Mirhayder3.jpg
|alt4 = Haydar Amuli
|caption4 = [[Haydar Amuli]]
|width4 = 380
|image5 = Mesue. Watercolour. Wellcome V0006562.jpg
|alt5 = Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
|caption5 = [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī|Abu Sahl Al-Quhi]]
|width5 = 287
|image6 = A Portrait of The Crown Prince Abbas Mirza, Signed L. Herr, Dated (1)833.jpg
|alt6 = Abbas Mirza
|caption6 = [[Abbas Mirza]]
|width6 = 253
|image7 = Hassan Hasanzadeh Amoli02 (1).jpg
|alt7 = Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
|caption7 = [[Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli]]
|width7 = 253
|image8 = Persian version by Balami of Universal History by Tabari.jpg
|alt8 = Al-Tabari
|caption8 = [[Al-Tabari|Muḥammad ibn Jarir al-Ṭabari]]
|width8 = 253
|image9 = Abdollah Javadi-Amoli.jpg
|alt9 = Abdollah Javadi-Amoli
|caption9 = [[Abdollah Javadi-Amoli|Abdollah Javadi Amoli]]
|width9 = 253
|image10 = Rhazes (Rāzī), Arab physician and alchemist, in hi Wellcome M0001832.jpg
|alt10 = Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
|caption10 = [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]]
|width10 = 253
|image11 =
|alt11 = Taleb Amoli
|caption11 = [[Taleb Amoli]]
|width11 = 253
|image12 = Farhang Sharif.jpg
|alt12 = Farhang Sharif
|caption12 = [[Farhang Sharif]]
|width12 = 253
|image13 = خسروداد.jpg
|alt13 = Manouchehr Khosrodad
|caption13 = [[Manouchehr Khosrodad]]
|width13 = 253
|image14 = Lotfii.jpg
|alt14 = Abdolali Lotfi
|caption14 = [[Abdolali Lotfi]]
|width14 = 253
|image15 = Gholam-Ali Soleimani.jpg
|alt15 = Gholam-Ali Soleimani
|caption15 = [[Gholam-Ali Soleimani]]
|width15 = 253
|image16 = Grand Vizier Khalifah Sultan, by Mu’in Musavvir, c.1650, opaque watercolor, ink and gold on paper.jpg
|alt16 = Khalifeh Soltan
|caption16 = [[Khalifeh Soltan]]
|width16 = 253
|image17 = Sa'dabad Palace Darafshs (2).jpg
|alt17 = Arash
|caption17 = [[Arash]]
|width17 = 253
|image18 = Kaveh Madani 20171030.jpg
|alt18 = Kaveh Madani
|caption18 = [[Kaveh Madani]]
|width18 = 253
|image19 = Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's Freestyle 125 kg – Amir Hossein Zare (IRI) vs. Geno Petriashvili (GEO) (13) (cropped).jpg
|alt19 = Amir Hossein Zare
|caption19 = [[Amir Hossein Zare]]
|width19 = 253
|image20 = Allahyar Sayyadmanesh 2018 2.jpg
|alt20 = Allahyar Sayyadmanesh
|caption20 = [[Allahyar Sayyadmanesh]]
|width20 = 253
|image21 = Tdpajouh.jpg
|alt21 = Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh
|caption21 = [[Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh]]
|width21 = 253
|image22 = Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh.jpg
|alt22 = Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh
|caption22 = [[Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh]]
|width22 = 253
}}
{{clear}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] (839–923) – Historian
* [[Arash]] the Archer – Legendary hero
* [[Ali Larijani]] (b. 1958) – Politician
* [[Taleb Amoli]] (b.7th century) – Persian poet
* [[Ghasem Rezaei]] (b. 1985) – Wrestler
* [[Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli]] –  Philosopher and theologian
* [[Abdollah Javadi Amoli]] (b. 1933) – Cleric
* [[Sahl ibn Bishr]] (9th century) – Jewish astrologer
* [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari|Ali ibn Sahl Rabban Tabari]] (9th century) – Medieval physician
* [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī|Abu Sahl al-Quhi]] (10th century) – Medieval astronomer and physicist
* [[Abul Hasan al-Tabari]] (10th century) – Medieval physician
* [[Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi]] (1149–1209) – Theologian and philosopher
* [[Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh]] (1260–1337) – Prime minister
* [[Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh|Mohammad Taqi Daneshpajouh]] (1911–1996) – Scholar
* [[Farhang Sharif]] (b. 1931) – Musician
* [[Abdolali Lotfi]] – Politician and judges
* [[Ibn Isfandiyar]] (13th century) – Historian
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Seyyid Hayder Amuli]] (1319–1385) – Shi'ite mystic and Sufi leader
* [[Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli]] (14th century) – Medieval physician
* [[Abbas Mirza]] (1789–1833) – Qajar crown prince of Persia
* [[Omar Tiberiades|Farrukhan Tabari]] (8th century) – Medieval astrologer
* [[Manouchehr Khosrodad]] – Major general
* [[Mir-i Buzurg|Qavam al-Din al-Marashi]] – founder of the Marashi dynasty
* [[Kaveh Madani]] – Scientist and activist
* [[Hossein Ali Mirza]] – Prince of Qajar
* [[Muhammad Taqi Amoli]] (1887–1971) – Cleric
* [[Mirza Hashem Amoli]] (1899–1993) – Cleric
* [[Yahya ibn Abi Mansur]] (832) – Astronomy
* [[Haseb-i Tabari]] (1092–1108) – Astronomy
* [[Mirza Reza Qoli Nava'i]] – Politician
* [[Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi|Zahir al-Din Marashi]] (1413–1488) – Historian
* [[Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli]]  – Mystic
* [[Massoud Monfared Niyaki]] – Major general
* [[Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad]] – Literary critic and writer
* [[Iraj Malekpour]] – Physics
* [[Gholam-Ali Soleimani]] – Manager
* [[Mulla Ali Kani]] (1267–1306) – Learned
* [[Dowlatshah|Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah]] (1789–1821) – Qajar dynasty prince
* [[Iraj Malekpour]] (b.1941) – Physicist
* [[Moshar al-Saltaneh|Moshar ul-Saltaneh]] – Minister of foreign affairs
* [[Siraj al-Din Qumri|Siraj Qumri Amoli]] (b. 1368) – Persian poet
* [[Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad]] – Writer
* [[Abdul-Qadir Gilani|Abdol-Qader Gilani]] (1078–1166) – Sufi leader
* [[Mohammad-Javad Larijani]] (b. 1951) – Politician
* [[Al-Natili|Al-Natili Tabari]] (10th century) – Medieval physician
* [[Majid Ahi]] (b.1886) – Politician
* [[Behrouz Ataei]] – Volleyball coach
* [[Mirza Reza Qoli Nava'i]] – Politician
* [[Sadeq Larijani]] (b. 1960) – Cleric and politician
* [[Bagher Larijani]] (b. 1961) – Physician
* [[Fazel Larijani]] (b. 1953) – Master
* [[Adel Gholami]] (b. 1986) – Volleyball player
* [[Ahmad Shariatzadeh]] – Lawyer
* [[Tayyeb Tabari]] – Judge
* [[Amir Hossein Zare]] – Wrestling
* [[Allahyar Sayyadmanesh]] – Football player
* [[Mohammad Hadi Saravi]] – Wrestling
* [[Khalifeh Soltan]] – Statesman and cleric
* [[Sati-un-Nissa]] – Physician
* [[Abbas Amiri Moghaddam]] – Actor
* [[Mohammad Ali Sadjadi]] (b. 1957) – Director
* [[Khalifa Mazandarani|Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani]] – Sarbadars leader
* [[Iskandar-i Shaykhi]]  – Afrasiyab dynasty Ruler
* [[Abdullah Khan Ahmadieh]] – Doctor
* [[Al-Nagawri]] – Persian physician
* [[Ibrahim Khawas]] – Sufi
* [[Ali Kaveh]] – Photojournalism
* [[Amir Hossein Esfandiar]] (b.1999) – Volleyball player
* [[Abolhassan Shamsabadi]] –  Iranian Cleric and philanthropist
* [[Amirali Nabavian]] – Television presenter
* [[Al-Lalaka'i]] – Author
* [[Javad Fazel|Mohammad Javad Fazel]] – Writer
* [[Ahmad Akhgar]] – Colonel
* [[Sufi Mazandarani|Maulana Sufi Mazandarani]]– Poet
* [[Mohammad Ali Dai al-Islam]] – Writer
* [[Nader Moghaddas]] – Director
* [[Fatemeh Javadi]] (b. 1959) – Politician
* [[Behrang Alavi]] – Actor
* [[Iraj Jamshidi]] – Journalist
* [[Sharif al-Ulama]] – Authority
* [[Abolfazl Jalali]] – Football player
* [[Ali Noorzad (politician)|Ali Noorzad]] – Politician
* [[Mohsen Hajipour]] – Wrestler
* [[Masoud Forootan]] – Actor
* [[Hamed Shiri]] (b. 1986) – Football player
* [[Alireza Jadidi]] – Volleyball player
* [[Sedigheh Daryaei]] – Athlete
* Roozbeh Kiani – Doctor
* Shervin Taghavi – Doctor
* Abdolhossein Navaei (1923–2004) – Historian and writer
* Khalil Amoli – Discoverer
* Ahmad Seyf – Economist
* Mashallah Ajoudani – Historian
* Kazem Amoli – Doctor
* Christopher Behnam – Captain
* Abdul Latif Larijani – Calligraphy
* Reza Shayan – Lawyer and political
* Mahasti Bahreyni – Writer
* Rustam al-Tabari – Imami theologian
* Yaqoub Tavakoli – Historian
* Cheragh Ali Khan Navaei – Politician
* Mahmoud Motaghedi – Writer
* Abbas Shayan – Writer
* Habibollah Larijani – Merchants
* Jalal al Din Etezadi – Calligraphy
* Mehdi Partovi Amoli – Writer
* Baqer Sakhaei – Diplomat
* Mehdi Kay Nia – Criminology
* İzzuddin Amuli – Scholar
}}
==Distance==
Some of the major cities in Iran with distance from Amol:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! City
! Km distance
|-
|[[Sari]] ||70
|-
|[[Tehran]] ||185
|-
|[[Ramsar, Mazandaran|Ramsar]] ||185
|-
|[[Kashan]]||424
|-
|[[Astara, Iran|Astara]] ||473
|-
|[[Hamedan]] ||500
|-
|[[Mashhad]] ||800
|-
|[[Ahvaz]]||960
|-
|[[Kerman]]||1158
|-
|[[Bandar Abbas]]||1452
|}
==Sister cities==
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]<ref name=Shayan>{{cite web|url=http://www.peela.pk/column4.html|title=Ground Realities 4|last1=Syed Shayan|date=February 2015|publisher=Akhbar Peela|access-date=October 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305094736/http://www.peela.pk/column4.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Cần Thơ]], [[Vietnam]]
|}
==See also==
{{Commons category|Amol}}
{{Portal|Iran}}
{{clear}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401151807/http://www.lovelyiran.com/mazandaran/mazandaran-mausoleums-and-imamzadehs Tourismo Amol]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120223141042/http://www.chnpress.com/tourism/Attractions/mazandaran/ chnpress.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401151807/http://www.lovelyiran.com/mazandaran/mazandaran-mausoleums-and-imamzadehs lovelyiran.com]
*[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=275#ixzz1cRNluUYj itto.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120911075128/http://www.parpirar.org/english-paper.html?start=10 parrpirar.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120102205006/http://www.yourwonder.com/Asia/Iran/Amol.aspx Yourwonder Amol]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615165201/http://www.amolchto.com/ Amol Chto]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190727104313/http://e-amol.com/ Amol DataBase]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205358/http://english.irib.ir/radioculture/iran/tourism/item/81254-attractions-of-mazandaran english.irib.ir]
{{Authority control}}
{{Mazandaran Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Amol County|state=collapsed}}
{{Districts of Amol}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
[[Category:Amol| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Amol County]]
[[Category:Cities in Mazandaran province]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Iran]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Iran]]
[[Category:Places in Shahnameh]]
[[Category:Parthian cities]]
[[Category:Sasanian cities]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the Alavid dynasty]]
[[Category:Mar'ashis]]