View source for An-Nasir Faraj

{{Infobox royalty
| name         = An-Nasir Faraj
| full name    =
| image        = Khanqah of Farag ibn Barquq, photo by Hatem Moushir 3.jpg
| image_size   =
| caption      = [[Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq]] in Cairo
| succession   = [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]]
| reign        = June 1399 – 20 September 1405
| regent       =
| predecessor  = [[Barquq]]
| successor    = [[Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz]]
| succession1  = [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan of Egypt and Syria]]
| reign1       = 28 November 1405 – 23 May 1412
| regent1      =
| predecessor1 = [[Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz]]
| successor1   = [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Abu’l-Faḍl Abbas Al-Musta'in bi'llah]]
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
*Khawand Fatima
*Lâ Aflaha man Zalama
*Thuraiya}}
| issue        = {{unbulletedlist|Ghars ad-Din Khalil|Khawand Asiya|Khawand Satita|Khawand Shakra|}}
| house        =
| dynasty      =
| father       = [[Barquq|Sayf-ad-Din Barquq]]
| mother       = Khawand Shirin
| birth_date   = {{circa}} 1386
| birth_place  =
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1412|5|23|1386|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Damascus]]
| place of burial =
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
'''Al-Nasir Faraj''' or '''Nasir-ad-Din Faraj''' ({{Langx|ar|الناصر زين الدين فرج}}; {{reign|1399|1405|1405|1412}}) also '''Faraj ibn Barquq''' was born in 1386 and succeeded his father [[Barquq|Sayf-ad-Din Barquq]] as the second Sultan of the [[Burji dynasty]] of the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]] of [[Egypt]] in July 1399 with the title ''Al-Nasir''.<ref name="Muir">{{cite book|title=The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D.|first=William |last=Muir|author-link=William Muir|year=1896|publisher=Smith, Elder|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n169/mode/1up 121]−[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n176/mode/1up 128]}}</ref> He was only thirteen years old when he became Sultan on the sudden death of his father.<ref name="Muir"  /> His reign was marked by anarchy, pandemonium and chaos with invasions of [[Timur|Tamerlane]] (Timur Leng, or Timur Beg Gurkani), including the [[Siege of Damascus (1400)|sack of Damascus]] in 1400, incessant rebellions in [[Cairo]], endless conflicts with the Emirs of [[Syria]] (with the Sultan and also amongst themselves),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Onimus |first=Clément |url=https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/39477?lang=fr |title=Les maîtres du jeu : Pouvoir et violence politique à l'aube du sultanat mamlouk circassien (784-815/1382-1412) |date=2019 |publisher=Éditions de la Sorbonne |isbn=9791035105440 |language=fr}}</ref> along with [[Plague (disease)|plague]] and [[famine]] which reduced the population of the kingdom to one-third.<ref name="Muir"  />
In September 1405, Faraj was afraid from the surrounding conspiracies, so he escaped his reign after emir [[Saad al-Din bin Ghurab]] convinced him and was replaced briefly by his brother [[Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz]], then he regained his position in November the same year by Saad al-Din.<ref name="Muir"  />
During the end of his reign he became a tyrannical ruler which eventually led him into his seventh and final conflict with the [[Syrian]] Emirs at [[Baalbek]]. Defeated in battle he fled to the [[Citadel of Damascus]].<ref name="Muir"  /> Unable to escape, he surrendered and on May 23, 1412 he was stabbed to death in his prison cell by a hired assassin.<ref name="Muir"  /> The Emirs placed on the throne as a temporary measure Caliph [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in Billah]].<ref name="Muir"  /> Faraj was buried in Bab al-Faradis cemetery in Damascus.
==Family==
One of his wives was Khawand Fatima, the sister of the Islamic historian [[Ibn Taghribirdi]].<ref name="Taghrībirdī Popper 1960">{{cite book | last1=Taghrībirdī | first1=A.M.Y.I. | last2=Popper | first2=W. | title=History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D. | publisher=University of California Press | year=1960 | page=15, 56}}</ref><ref name="Massoud 2007">{{cite book | last=Massoud | first=S. | title=The Chronicles and Annalistic Sources of the Early Mamluk Circassian Period | publisher=Brill | series=Islamic History and Civilization | year=2007 | isbn=978-90-474-1979-2 | page=61}}</ref> After Faraj's death, she married Inal Nauruzi.<ref name="Taghrībirdī Popper 1960"/> One of his concubines was Lâ Aflaha man Zalama. She gave birth to Faraj's son, Ghars ad-Din Khalil.<ref name="Leslau 1958">{{cite book | last=Leslau | first=W. | title=The Verb in Harari: (South Ethiopic) | publisher=University of California Press | year=1958 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJQOAQAAIAAJ | access-date=2021-11-30 | page=120}}</ref> Another concubine was Thuraiya. She gave birth to Faraj's daughter, Khawand Asiya.<ref name="University of California 1960">{{cite book | last=University of California | first=Berkeley | title=University of California Publications in Semitic Philology | publisher=University of California Press | series=History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D | issue=v. 13-14; v. 17-19; v. 22-23 | year=1960 | page=165}}</ref> Another daughter of Faraj named Khawand Satita married Sidi Ibrahim, son of Sultan [[Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh]]. She died in 1416.<ref name="Dhulster Steenbergen">{{cite journal | last1=D'hulster | first1=Kristof | last2=Steenbergen | first2=Jo Van | title=Family Matters: The Family-In-Law Impulse in Mamluk Marriage Policy | journal=Annales Islamologiques | volume=47 | pages=61–82 | url=https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/family-matters-the-family-in-law-impulse-in-mamluk-marriage-polic | access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> Another daughter, Khawand Shakra, married Amir Jarbash al-Muhammadi and had a son, Nasir ad-Din Muhammad.<ref name="Taghrībirdī Popper 1960"/> She died in 1482.<ref name="Ghersetti 2016">{{cite book | last=Ghersetti | first=A. | title=Al-Suyūṭī, a Polymath of the Mamlūk Period: Proceedings of the themed day of the First Conference of the School of Mamlūk Studies (Ca' Foscari University, Venice, June 23, 2014) | publisher=Brill | series=Islamic History and Civilization | year=2016 | isbn=978-90-04-33452-6 | page=56}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Siege of Damascus (1400)]]
*[[Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{succession box|title=[[Burji dynasty|Mamluk Sultan of Egypt]]|before=[[Barquq|Sayf-ad-Din Barquq]]|after=[[Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz]]|years=1399–1405}}
{{succession box|title=[[Burji dynasty|Mamluk Sultan of Egypt]]|before=[[Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz]]|after=[[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in Billah]]|years=1405–1412}}
{{s-end}}
{{Mamluk Sultans of Egypt}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasir-ad-Din Faraj}}
[[Category:1386 births]]
[[Category:1412 deaths]]
[[Category:Burji sultans]]
[[Category:15th-century Mamluk sultans]]