View source for Andira

{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Andira humilis.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Andira humilis]]''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Andira
| authority = Lam., nom. cons.<ref name="Lam. not Juss.">{{cite journal | author = Pennington RT. | year = 2002 | title = (1533) Proposal to change the authorship of ''Andira'', nom. cons. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) and to conserve it with a conserved type | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | volume = 51 | issue = 2 | pages = 385–386 | doi=10.2307/1554939| jstor = 1554939 }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
| synonyms =
* ''Andira'' <small>[[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. rej.</small>
* ''Lumbricidia'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Poltolobium'' <small>C.Presl</small>
* ''Skolemora'' <small>Arruda </small>
* ''Spigelia'' <small>P.Browne, nom. illeg.</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_21657-1">{{cite web |title=''Andira'' Lam. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21657-1 |access-date=2023-04-23 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Andira''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]]. It is distributed in the [[tropics|tropical]] Americas, except for ''A. inermis'', which also occurs in [[Africa]].<ref name="pen">{{cite journal | author = Pennington RT. | year = 2003 | title = A monograph of ''Andira'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) | url = http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/sbmcat.html#v64 | journal = [[Systematic Botany Monographs|Syst Bot Monogr]] | volume = 64 | pages = 1–145 | doi = 10.2307/25027903 | jstor = 25027903 | access-date = 2014-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222211322/http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/sbmcat.html#v64 | archive-date = 2014-02-22 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It was formerly assigned to the tribe [[Dalbergieae]], but [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] studies in 2012 and 2013 placed it in a unique clade within subfamily [[Faboideae]] named the ''Andira'' clade.<ref name="Cardoso1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, ((Van Wykd B-E)), Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = [[South African Journal of Botany|S Afr J Bot]] | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Cardoso2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2012 | title = Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 1991–2013 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1200380 | pmid = 23221500 }}</ref>
Compared to other [[Faboideae]] the genus has unusual systems of [[root nodule]]s<ref name=pen/> and fruits, which are [[drupe]]s. In most species the fruits are [[seed dispersal|dispersed]] by [[bat]]s, and in some they are dispersed by [[rodent]]s. They may also be dispersed on water.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pennington RT, Gemeinholzer B | year = 2000 | title = Cryptic clades, fruit wall morphology and biology of ''Andira'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 134 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 267–86 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02354.x | doi-access = free }}</ref>
Plants of the genus are used in [[traditional medicine]] in [[Brazil]] to treat [[fever]] and as [[laxative|purgatives]] and [[Anthelmintic|vermifuges]]. The treatments are toxic in high doses, however. Chemical compounds isolated from the genus include [[isoflavones]], [[Flavan-3-ol|flavanols]], [[glycoside]]s, [[pterocarpan]]s, [[chromone]], and [[ursolic acid]].<ref name=da>{{cite journal|vauthors=da Silva VC, de Carvalho MG, da Cunha e Silva SL |year=2007 |title=Chemical constituents from roots of ''Andira anthelmia'' (Leguminosae) |url=http://www.relaquim.com/archive/2007/2007.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523024534/http://www.relaquim.com/archive/2007/2007.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-23 |journal=[[Revista Latinomaericana de Química|Rev Latinoamer Quím]] |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=13–19 }}</ref>
==Species==
{{As of|2023|April}}, [[Plants of the World Online]] accepted the following species:<ref name=POWO_21657-1/>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*''[[Andira anthelmia]]'' <small>(Vell.) J.F.Macbr.</small>
*''[[Andira carvalhoi]]'' <small>R.T.Penn. & H.C.Lima</small>
*''[[Andira chigorodensis]]'' <small>R.T.Penn.</small>
*''[[Andira cordata]]'' <small>Arroyo ex R.T.Penn. & H.C.Lima</small>
*''[[Andira coriacea]]'' <small>Pulle</small>
*''[[Andira cubensis]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira cujabensis]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira fraxinifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira galeottiana]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
*''[[Andira grandistipula]]'' <small>Amshoff</small>
*''[[Andira humilis]]'' <small>Mart. ex Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira inermis]]'' <small>(W.Wright) Kunth ex DC.</small>
*''[[Andira jaliscensis]]'' <small>R.T.Penn.</small>
*''[[Andira legalis]]'' <small>(Vell.) Toledo</small>
*''[[Andira macrocarpa]]'' <small>R.T.Penn.</small>
*''[[Andira macrothyrsa]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira marauensis]]'' <small>Mattos</small>
*''[[Andira micrantha]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira multistipula]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira nitida]]'' <small>Mart. ex Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira ormosioides]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Andira parviflora]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira praecox]]'' <small>Arroyo ex R.T.Penn.</small>
*''[[Andira spectabilis]]'' <small>Saldanha</small>
*''[[Andira surinamensis]]'' <small>(Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle</small>
*''[[Andira taurotesticulata]]'' <small>R.T.Penn.</small>
*''[[Andira tervequinata]]'' <small>R.T.Penn., Aymard & Cuello</small>
*''[[Andira trifoliolata]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira unifoliolata]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
*''[[Andira vermifuga]]'' <small>(Mart.) Benth.</small>
{{Div col end}}
<gallery mode=packed heights=170px>
File:Andira fraxinifolia.jpg|''[[Andira fraxinifolia]]''
File:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Andira vermifuga.jpg|''[[Andira vermifuga]]''
</gallery>
==References==
{{Commons category|Andira}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2576870}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]