View source for Angels We Have Heard on High

{{Short description|Christmas carol}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name                = Angels We Have Heard on High
| type                =
| image               = Madonna with child and angels.jpg
| alt                 =
| caption             = ''Madonna with Child and Angels'' by [[Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato]]
| composer            =
| genre               = [[Hymn]]
| occasion            = [[Christmas]]
| text                = Unknown French original; English paraphrase by [[James Chadwick (bishop)|James Chadwick]]
| written             = 1862
| based_on            = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=8}}–15
| meter               = 7.7.7.7 with refrain
| melody              = "Gloria", arranged by [[Edward Shippen Barnes]]
| composed            =
| published           =
| misc                =
}}
{{listen
| type         = music
| image        = none
| help         = no
| filename     = U.S. Army Band - Angels We Have Heard on High.ogg
| title        = "Angels We Have Heard on High"
| description  = Chorus of U.S. Army Band, ''[[a cappella]]''
| type2 = music
| image2 = none
| filename2 = Angels We Have Heard On High (piano) (Kevin MacLeod) (ISRC USUAN1100329).oga
| title2 = "Angels We Have Heard On High"
| description2 = Performed by [[Kevin MacLeod]] on [[piano]]
}}
"'''Angels We Have Heard on High'''" is a [[Christmas carol]] to the [[hymn tune]] "Gloria" from a traditional French song of unknown origin called "'''{{lang|fr|Les Anges dans nos campagnes|italic=no}}'''", with [[paraphrase]]d English lyrics by [[James Chadwick (bishop)|James Chadwick]]. The song's subject is the [[Nativity of Jesus|birth of Jesus Christ]] as narrated in the [[Gospel of Luke]], specifically the scene outside [[Bethlehem]] in which shepherds [[Annunciation to the shepherds|encounter a multitude of angels]] singing and praising the newborn child.
==Tune==
"Angels We Have Heard on High" is generally sung to the [[hymn tune]] "Gloria", a traditional French carol as arranged by [[Edward Shippen Barnes]]. Its most memorable feature is its chorus, "[[Gloria in excelsis Deo]]", where the "o" of "Gloria" is fluidly sustained through 16 notes of a rising and falling [[melisma]]tic melodic sequence.
In England, the words of [[James Montgomery (poet)|James Montgomery]]'s "[[Angels from the Realms of Glory]]" are usually sung to this tune, with the "Gloria in excelsis Deo" refrain text replacing Montgomery's. It is from this usage that the tune sometimes is known as "Iris", the name of Montgomery's newspaper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christmas-carols.org.uk/christmas-carols/angels-from-the-realms-of-glory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227072931/http://www.christmas-carols.org.uk/christmas-carols/angels-from-the-realms-of-glory |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-12-27 |title=Angels from the Realms of Glory |website=Christmas-Carols.org.uk}}</ref>
<score raw sound>
\header { tagline = ##f arranger = "arr.: James Chadwick" }
\layout { indent = 0 \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" } }
global = { \key f \major \time 4/4 }
verse = \lyricmode {
An -- gels we have heard on high
Sweet -- ly sing -- ing o'er the plains,
\repeat volta 2 { Glo -- ri -- a in ex -- cel -- sis } \alternative { { De -- o! } { De -- o! } }
}
verseR = \lyricmode {
And the moun -- tains in re -- ply
E -- cho -- ing their joy -- ous strains.
}
soprano = \relative c'' { \global \set midiInstrument = "flute" \voiceOne
\repeat volta 2 { a4 a a c | c4. bes8 a2
a4 g a c | a4. g8 f2 | }
\repeat volta 2 { c'2 (d8 c bes a |bes2 c8 bes a g | a2 bes8 a g f | g4.) c,8 c2 |
f4 g a bes | } \alternative { { a2 g | } { a2 (g) | f1 \bar "|." } }
}
alto = \relative c' { \global \set midiInstrument = "flute" \voiceTwo
\repeat volta 2 { \stemUp f4 f e e | \stemDown g e f2 |
\stemUp f4 e f f | \stemDown f e f2 | }
\repeat volta 2 { f4 (a8 g f2~ | f4 g8 f e2~ | e4 f8 e d2 | c4.) c8 c2 |
\stemUp c4 e f g | } \alternative { { f2 e | } { f2 (e) | c1 \bar "|." } }
}
tenor = \relative c' { \global \set midiInstrument = "clarinet"
\repeat volta 2 { c4 c c c | d c c2 |
c4 c c c | c4. bes8 a2 | }
\repeat volta 2 { a2 (d~ | d c~ | c bes | g4) f e2 |
f4 c' c d | } \alternative { { c2 c } { c2. (bes4) | a1 \bar "|." } }
}
bass = \relative c { \global \set midiInstrument = "clarinet"
\repeat volta 2 { f4 f a a | d, e f2 |
f4 c f a,8 bes | c4 c a2 | }
\repeat volta 2 { f'2 (d4 f | g2 c,4 e | f2 bes,4 d | e) d c (bes) |
a c f bes, | } \alternative { { c2 c } { c1 | f1 \bar "|." } }
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \soprano
\addlyrics \verse
\addlyrics \verseR
\alto
>>
\new Staff
<<
\clef bass
\partCombine \tenor \bass
>>
>>
\layout { }
}
\score { \unfoldRepeats { << \soprano \\ \alto \\ \tenor \\ \bass >> }
\midi { \tempo 4=120
\context { \Staff \remove "Staff_performer" }
\context { \Voice \consists "Staff_performer" }
}
}
</score>
==Lyrics==
The lyrics of "Angels We Have Heard on High" are inspired by, but not an exact translation of, the traditional French carol known as "{{lang|fr|Les Anges dans nos campagnes|italic=no}}" ("the angels in our countryside"), whose first known publication was in 1842.<ref>[[Louis Lambillotte]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=VTB-zcgOARkC ''Choix de cantiques sur des airs nouveaux''], Paris, 1842, p. 8, "L'écho des montagnes de Béthléem".</ref> The music was attributed to "W. M.". According to some websites,<ref>For example [https://infocatho.cef.fr/fichiers_html/cefnoel/avtpastoraleschants.html Infocatho].</ref> the hymn is by the nineteenth-century Wilfrid Moreau from Poitiers. "Angels We Have Heard on High" is the most-common English version, an 1862 [[paraphrase]] by [[James Chadwick (bishop)|James Chadwick]], the Roman Catholic [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]], northeast England. Chadwick's lyrics are original in some sections, including the title, and loosely translated from the French in other sections. The carol quickly became popular in the [[West Country]], where it was described as "Cornish" by R. R. Chope, and featured in William Adair Pickard-Cambridge's ''Collection of Dorset Carols''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/angels_we_have_heard_on_high_1.htm|title=Angels We Have Heard on High|website=hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com}}</ref> It has since been translated into other languages,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/a/n/g/e/l/s/angelswe.htm |title=Angels We Have Heard on High |website=The Cyber Hymnal |access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref> and is widely sung and published. Modern hymnals usually include three verses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hymnary.org/text/angels_we_have_heard_on_high |title=Angels We Have Heard on High |website=Hymnary.org |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref>
===English===
<poem style="margin-left:1em;">Angels we have heard on high
Sweetly singing o'er the plains
And the mountains in reply
Echoing their joyous strains
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|
Shepherds, why this jubilee?
Why your joyous strains prolong?
What the gladsome tidings be?
Which inspire your heavenly songs?
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|
Come to Bethlehem and see
Him whose birth the angels sing;
Come, adore on bended knee,
Christ the Lord, the newborn King.
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|
See Him in a manger laid
Whom the choirs of angels praise;
Mary, Joseph, lend your aid,
While our heart in love we raise.
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|</poem>
===French===
<poem lang="fr" style="margin-left:1em;">Les anges dans nos campagnes
Ont entonné l'hymne des cieux,
Et l'écho de nos montagnes
Redit ce chant mélodieux
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|
Bergers, pour qui cette fête?
Quel est l'objet de tous ces chants?
Quel vainqueur, quelle conquête
Mérite ces cris triomphants?
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|
Ils annoncent la naissance
Du libérateur d'Israël
Et pleins de reconnaissance
Chantent en ce jour solennel
|: Gloria in excelsis Deo! :|</poem>
=== German ===
In 1951, [[Lieselotte Holzmeister]] (1921–1994) translation „Engel haben Himmelslieder“ (Angels Have Heavenly Songs) was the first transmission in German-speaking countries. Another German text version comes from [[Otto Abel]] (1905–1977); „Hört der Engel helle Lieder“ (Hear the angels' bright songs). It was created in 1954 and was included in the [[Evangelisches Gesangbuch|german evangelical hymn book]] (EG 54); The chorus is accompanied by a movement for three equal voices by Theophil Rothenberg. Also in 1954, [[Maria Luise Thurmair]] wrote "Engel auf den Feldern singen" (Angels sing in the fields). The same melody was used by [[Diethard Zils]] for a hymn for Epiphany, "Seht ihr unsern Stern dort stehen" (Do your see our star). Both hymns are part of the Catholic hymnal ''[[Gotteslob]]''. The austrian composer [[Cesar Bresgen]] (1913–1988) created two other arrangements. [[Johannes Haas]] (1931–2004) created „Engel bringen frohe Kunde“ (Angels Bring Good News”).<ref>[https://www.gerth.de/index.php?id=details&sku=L258020 Engel bringen frohe Kunde] bei GerthMedien</ref> A translation by the evangelist [[Manfred Paul (evangelist)|Manfred Paul]] (1938–2020) appeared in 1972 under the title „Friede, Freude hier auf Erden“ (Peace, Joy here on Earth).<ref>Urheberrechtsangaben auf Tonträgerveröffentlichung ''Freue dich Welt: Singende-klingende Weihnachtszeit'', Janz Team, LP-Nr. 6019, 1972</ref> [[Rolf Zuckowski]] (*1947) published his text version „Hört ihr, wie die Engel singen“ (Hear how the angels sing) in 1987.
==See also==
*"[[Ding Dong Merrily on High]]" – similar ''Gloria'' refrain
* [[List of Christmas carols]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Les Anges dans nos campagnes}}
* {{IMSLP|work=Angels We have Heard on High (Barnes, Edward Shippen)|cname="Angels We have Heard on High" (Edward Shippen Barnes)}}
* {{Cantorion|pieces/2906/Angels-We-Have-Heard-on-High|"Angels We Have Heard on High"}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=rAVRlIP6NgAC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA42 "Hört, der Engel helle Lieder"] (in German), in ''Liederkunde zum Evangelischen Gesangbuch'', no. 12, pp. 39–42. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000 ({{ISBN|978-3525503355}})
* {{IMSLP|work=Les anges dans nos campagnes (Gevaert, François-Auguste)|cname="Les anges dans nos campagnes"}} ([[François-Auguste Gevaert]])
*{{YouTube|eJUbMKrTYV0|"Angels We Have Heard On High"}}
{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Angels We Have Heard On High}}
[[Category:Christmas carols]]
[[Category:French folk songs]]
[[Category:1862 songs]]
[[Category:French-language Christmas carols]]