View source for Anguloa

{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Anguloa clowesii2.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Anguloa clowesii]]''
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Anguloa
| authority = Ruíz & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]]
| type_species = ''[[Anguloa uniflora]]''
| type_species_authority = Ruíz & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Anguloa''''', commonly known as '''tulip orchids''', is a small [[orchid]] [[genus]] closely related to ''[[Lycaste]]''. Its abbreviation in [[horticulture]] is '''Ang'''. This genus was described by [[José Antonio Pavón]] and [[Hipólito Ruiz López]] in 1798. They named it in honor of [[Francisco de Angulo]], Director-General of Mines of [[Spain]].<ref>Angulo, Francisco. DB~e. La Real Academia de la Historia. [https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/24974/francisco-angulo]</ref>
This genus is found on the [[forest floor]] at high elevations from [[Venezuela]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Bolivia]] and [[Peru]].<ref name="tammy">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=9775 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>Oakeley, Henry F. (1999) ''Anguloa'': The species, the hybrids and a checklist of Angulocastes. ''Orchid Digest'' '''63'''(4: Supplement) 1–32. [http://www.orchidoman.net/NGULOAKey.html Online version]</ref><ref>Dr. Henry F. Oakeley, 2008 : Lycaste, Ida and Anguloa: The Essential Guide</ref> ''Anguloa'' is closely related to ''[[Lycaste]]'' and [[Ida (plant)|''Ida'']], and can hybridize with ''Lycaste''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Oakeley |first=Henry |date=2005 |title=522. ANGULOA TOGNETTIAE: Orchidaceae |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45066090 |journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=63–70 |issn=1355-4905}}</ref>
== Description ==
[[image:Anguloa sp.jpg|thumb|left|A horticultural hybrid ''Anguloa'' with green flowers]]
Tulip orchids are rather large [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] and sometimes [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] plants with fleshy [[pseudobulb]]s longer than 20&nbsp;cm. The long, lanceolate and plicate [[leaf|leaves]] of a full-grown ''Anguloa'' can be more than 1 m long. Two to four leaves grow from the base of each pseudobulb. The leaves are [[deciduous]], and are shed at the start of each new growth.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
The [[flower]]s of these orchids have a strong scent of [[cinnamon]]. They are of waxy appearance and are (in wild species) either of two colors, depending on the [[species]] &ndash; greenish white, or yellow to red. A single flower per [[inflorescence]] arises from the base of each new pseudobulb. The white tulip orchids have six inflorescences per pseudobulb, the other can produce up to twelve inflorescences. The [[sepal]]s have a bulbous shape, resembling a [[tulip]]; hence the common name. The [[Labellum (botany)|lip]] is three-lobed. The [[column (botany)|column]] has four [[pollinium|pollinia]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
=== Pollination ===
When touched, the [[Labellum (botany)|lip]] of the flower rocks back and forth inside the cup-shaped flower as if the lip was a child in a cradle. As a result, it is sometimes known as a cradle orchid. Similarly, it has been known in Columbia as ''cuna de Venus'' (cradle of Venus). When an [[Euglossini|orchid bee]] pollinator lands on the opening of the flower, its weight tips the flower forwards, and the lip moves down to allow the bee inside the flower. Having moved into the flower, the change in the centre of gravity tips the flower back, flipping the lip upwards, pressing the bee against the [[rostellum]] and sticky [[Pollinium|pollinia]]. On a return visit, the same maneuver presses the pollinia into the flower's [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]].<ref name=":0" />
== Species ==
The genus is split into two [[Section (botany)|sections]]. Section ''Guoloanga'' includes the yellow and red anguloas such as [[Anguloa clowesii|''A. clowesii'']], [[Anguloa hohenlohii|''A. hohenlohii'']], ''[[Anguloa brevilabris|A. brevilabris]]'', [[Anguloa dubia|''A. dubia'']], while section ''Euanguloa'' includes the white anguloas such as ''[[Anguloa uniflora|A. uniflora]]'', ''[[Anguloa eburnea|A. eburnea]]'', ''[[Anguloa virginalis|A. virginalis]]'', and ''[[Anguloa tognettiae|A. tognettiae]]''.<ref name=":0" />
There are 13 [[species]] of tulip orchids, including 4 apparently of hybrid origin though established in the wild.  Other hybrid tulip orchids are bred by horticulturalists, but do not occur in the wild. The following are currently accepted as of May 2014:<ref name="tammy" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Name !! Described by !! Distribution
|-
| ||[[Anguloa × acostae|''Anguloa'' × ''acostae'']] (''A. eburnea'' × ''A. hohenlohii'')|| Oakeley|| Colombia
|-
|[[File:Anguloa brevilabris.jpg|alt=|120x120px]] ||''[[Anguloa brevilabris]]''||Rolfe ||Colombia, Peru
|-
|rowspan=3 | [[File:Anguloa cliftonii.jpg|alt=|120x120px]]
|''[[Anguloa cliftonii]]''
|J.G.Fowler
|Colombia
|-
|''Anguloa cliftonii'' var. ''alba''
|Oakeley
|Colombia
|-
|''Anguloa cliftonii'' var. ''concolor''
|Oakeley
|Colombia
|-
|rowspan=2|[[File:Anguloa clowesii bloom.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|''[[Anguloa clowesii]]''
|Lindl.
|Venezuela and Colombia
|-
|''Anguloa clowesii'' var. ''flava''
|A.DC
|Venezuela and Colombia
|-
|[[File:Anguloa dubia.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|''[[Anguloa dubia]]''
|Rchb.f.
|Colombia and possibly Venezuela
|-
|
|''[[Anguloa eburnea]]''
|Linden ex B.S.Williams
|Colombia, Peru, Ecuador
|-
|rowspan=2|[[File:Anguloa hohenlohii.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|''[[Anguloa hohenlohii]]''
|C.Morren
|Venezuela and Colombia
|-
|''Anguloa hohenlohii'' var. ''macroglossa''
|(Schltr.) Oakeley
|Colombia
|-
|
|[[Anguloa × rolfei|''Anguloa'' × ''rolfei'']] (''A. brevilabris'' × ''A. cliftonii'')
|Sander ex Rolfe
|Colombia
|-
|[[File:Anguloa x ruckeri.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|[[Anguloa × ruckeri|''Anguloa'' × ''ruckeri'']] (''A. clowesii'' × ''A. hohenlohii'')
|Lindl.
|Colombia, Venezuela, Peru
|-
|[[File:Anguloa_x_speciosa.jpg|frameless|160x160px]]
|[[Anguloa × speciosa|''Anguloa'' × ''speciosa'']] (''A. tognettiae'' × ''A. virginalis'')
|Linden
|Venezuela, Colombia
|-
|[[File:Anguloa tognettiae.jpg|alt=|213x213px]]
|''[[Anguloa tognettiae]]''
|Oakeley
|Venezuela and Colombia
|-
|[[File:Anguloa uniflora bloom.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|''[[Anguloa uniflora]]''
|Ruiz & Pav.
|Peru
|-
|rowspan=2|[[File:Anguloa virginalis.jpg|alt=|160x160px]]
|''[[Anguloa virginalis]]''
|Linden ex B.S.Williams
|Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
|-
|''Anguloa virginalis'' var. ''turneri''
|(B.S.Williams) Oakeley
|Colombia
|-
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline|italic=1}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Anguloa|''Anguloa''}}
* [http://www.orchidoman.net/NGULOAphotogallery.htm ''Anguloa'' photo gallery]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q20956}}
[[Category:Anguloa| ]]
[[Category:Maxillariinae genera]]
[[Category:Epiphytic orchids]]
[[Category:Orchids of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Peru]]
[[Category:Orchids of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Orchids of Colombia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Venezuela]]