View source for Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon

{{short description|British photographer and filmmaker (1930–2017)}}
{{redirect|Lord Snowdon|other people}}
{{for|the American singer|Anthony Armstrong Jones}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
<!--DO NOT replace Infobox officeholder with Infobox royalty. Armstrong-Jones was never royal and Infobox royalty is supposed to be used in articles about princes.-->
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| honorific-suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|FRSA|RDI|size=100%}}
| name                = The Earl of Snowdon
| image               = Antony Armstrong-Jones 1965 (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Snowdon in 1965
| office1             = Member of the [[House of Lords]]
| status1             = Lord Temporal
| term_start1         = 6 October 1961
| term_end1           = 11 November 1999<br>as a [[hereditary peer]]
| predecessor1        = ''Peerage created''
| successor1          = ''Seat abolished'' {{efn|Seat abolished by the [[House of Lords Act 1999]].}}
| term_start2         = 16 November 1999
| term_end2           = 31 March 2016 {{efn|Retired under Section 1 of the [[House of Lords Reform Act 2014]].}}<br>as a [[life peer]]
| predecessor2        =
| successor2          =
| birth_name          = Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1930|3|7|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Belgravia]], London, England
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2017|1|13|1930|3|7|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Kensington]], London, England
| resting_place       = [[St Baglan's Church, Llanfaglan]], Wales
| nationality         = British
| party               = [[Crossbencher]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Earl of Snowdon |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/3150/career |access-date=19 June 2020 |website=UK Parliament}}</ref>
| occupation          = Photographer
| spouse              = {{Ubl
|{{Marriage|[[Princess Margaret]]|6 May 1960|11 July 1978|reason=div}}
|{{Marriage|Lucy Mary Lindsay-Hogg|15 December 1978|2000|reason=sep}}
}}
| alma_mater          = [[Jesus College, Cambridge]]
| children            = {{Ubl
|Polly Fry
|[[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]]
|[[Lady Sarah Chatto]]
|Lady Frances von Hofmannsthal
|Jasper Cable-Alexander
}}
| father              = [[Ronald Armstrong-Jones]]
| mother              = [[Anne Parsons, Countess of Rosse|Anne Messel]]
}}
'''Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon''' (7 March 1930 – 13 January 2017) was a British photographer. He is best known internationally for his portraits of world notables, many of them published in ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', ''[[The Sunday Times Magazine]]'', ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Sunday Telegraph Magazine]]'', and other major venues. More than 280 of his photographs are in the permanent collections of the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]].<ref name="NPG">{{cite web |title=Lord Snowdon |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp05764/antony-charles-robert-armstrong-jones-1st-earl-of-snowdon?role=art |website=[[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] |access-date=2 June 2023 |quote=Artist of 285 portraits}}</ref> From 1968 through 1973, he also made several television documentary films.
Snowdon was also a relentless and successful campaigner for disabled people, achieving dozens of groundbreaking political, economic, structural, transportation, and educational reforms for persons with disabilities during his adult life.
From 1960 to 1978, he was [[Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones|married]] to [[Princess Margaret]], the sister of [[Queen Elizabeth II]].
== Early life ==
Armstrong-Jones was born at [[Eaton Terrace]] in [[Belgravia]], central London,<ref>{{cite web |last=Rayner |first=Gordon |date=5 June 2008 |title=Lord Snowdon: Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2080154/Lord-Snowdon-Antony-Charles-Robert-Armstrong-Jones-1st-Earl-of-Snowdon.html |access-date=14 July 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> the only son of the marriage of the Welsh [[barrister]] [[Ronald Armstrong-Jones]] (1899–1966) and his first wife, [[Anne Parsons, Countess of Rosse|Anne Messel]] (later [[Earl of Rosse|Countess of Rosse]]; 1902–1992).<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Lady Margarita's family: a who's who of the Tatler cover star's clan – from Princess Margaret to Lady Sarah Chatto |url=https://www.tatler.com/meet-lady-margarita-armstrong-jones-family |website=Tatler |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref> He was called "Tony" by his close relatives.<ref>Hutchinson, Roger & Gary Kahn. ''A Family Affair: The Margaret and Tony Story'' (Two Continents, 1977)</ref><ref>Brown, Craig. ''Hello Goodbye Hello: A Circle of 101 Remarkable Meetings'' (Simon and Schuster, 2013) [https://books.google.com/books?id=jVZoAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA285 p. 285]</ref><ref>Geld, Ellen Bromfield. ''View from the Fazenda: A Tale of the Brazilian Heartlands'' (Ohio University Press, 2003) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ACly62fZ3xEC&pg=PA158 p. 158]</ref>
Armstrong-Jones's paternal grandfather was [[Robert Armstrong-Jones|Sir Robert Armstrong-Jones]], a Welsh [[psychiatrist]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Marco |first=Neil |title=An Historic Home |url=http://www.plasdinas.co.uk/about/historic-home/ |access-date=8 June 2015 |publisher=infoplasdinas@.co.uk |quote=In 1899 Sir Robert Jones, who subsequently altered his name to Armstrong-Jones, had a son named Ronald. The family was, at that time, living in the London area and retained [[Plas Dinas]] as their country home in Wales. Sir Ronald Jones married Anne, and the marriage produced a son, Antony, who in 1961 {{sic}} married HRH Princess Margaret, the Queen's sister.}}</ref> His paternal grandmother, Lady Armstrong-Jones (née Margaret Roberts), was a graduate of [[Somerville College, Oxford]], and was the daughter of [[Owen Roberts (educator)|Sir Owen Roberts]], the Welsh educationalist.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 April 1960 |title=Nobility in Tony's Background |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/04/28/page/35/article/nobility-in-tonys-background |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |quote=...Margaret was the daughter of Sir Owen Roberts}}</ref> Armstrong-Jones's mother's family was of German-Jewish descent.<ref name = ODNB>{{cite ODNB|title = Jones, Antony Charles Robert [Tony] Armstrong-, first earl of Snowdon and Baron Armstrong-Jones (1930–2017), photographer, designer, and campaigner for disabled rights|last = Weight|first = Richard|doi = 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380163|year = 2021|isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> A maternal uncle was the stage designer [[Oliver Messel]] (1904–1978); a maternal great-grandfather was the ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' cartoonist [[Edward Linley Sambourne|Linley Sambourne]] (1844–1910); and his great-great-uncle [[Alfred Messel]] was a Berlin architect.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sambourne family |url=https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/subsites/museums/18staffordterrace/historycollections/thesambournefamily.aspx |access-date=13 January 2017 |publisher=Borough of Kensington and Chelsea}}</ref> Additionally, his great-great-grandmother, Frances Linley, was a first cousin of [[Elizabeth Linley]], wife of [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/13 |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=[[W. H. Allen & Co.]] |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/13 13] |url-access=registration}}</ref>
Armstrong-Jones's parents divorced in early 1935, before his fifth birthday.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/52 |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/52 52] |url-access=registration}}</ref> His mother remarried later that year.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anne Messel: the Story of a Bright Young Thing|publisher=National Trust|year=2018}}</ref>
As a 16-year-old he contracted [[polio]] while on holiday in Wales;<ref name="bates">{{cite web|access-date=18 May 2023|date=13 January 2013|first=Stephen|last=Bates|publisher=theguardian.com|title=Lord Snowdon obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jan/13/lord-snowdon-obituary}}</ref><ref name="TimesObituary"/> during the six months that he was in the [[Liverpool Royal Infirmary]] recuperating, the only visitor from his family was his sister Susan.<ref name="deCourcy"/><ref name="Grice">{{cite web |last=Grice |first=Elizabeth |title=Lord Snowdon: 'Taking photographs is a very nasty thing to do.' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/7368664/Lord-Snowdon-Taking-photographs-is-a-very-nasty-thing-to-do.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307050416/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/7368664/Lord-Snowdon-Taking-photographs-is-a-very-nasty-thing-to-do.html |archive-date=7 March 2010 |access-date=25 November 2017 |website=The Telegraph (UK)|date=5 March 2010 }}</ref> The illness left him with a withered left leg, one inch shorter than the other, and a slight permanent limp.<ref name="bates"/><ref>{{cite news |last=McFadden |first=Robert D. |date=13 January 2017 |title=Antony Armstrong-Jones, Photographer and Earl of Snowdon, Dies at 86 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/world/europe/antony-armstrong-jones-earl-snowdon-dies.html |access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
== Education ==
Armstrong-Jones was educated at two [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|private boarding schools]]: first at [[Sandroyd School]] in Wiltshire from the autumn term of 1938 to 1943.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/60 |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/60 60] |url-access=registration}}</ref> After Sandroyd he attended [[Eton College]], beginning in the autumn term ("[[Michaelmas term|Michaelmas]] half") of 1943.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/65 65] |url-access=registration}}</ref> In March 1945, he qualified in the "extra special weight" class of the School Boxing Finals.<ref name="Cathcart73">{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/73 73–74] |url-access=registration}}</ref> He continued to box in 1946, gaining at least two flattering mentions in the ''Eton College Chronicle''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coco |first=Tatiana |title=Lord Snowdon by Helen Cathcart, Chapter 4 |url=http://tatianacressidacoco.blogspot.com/2017/11/sambournelinleylives.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044005/http://tatianacressidacoco.blogspot.com/2017/11/sambournelinleylives.html |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/69 |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/69 69] |url-access=registration}}</ref> In 1947, he was a [[Coxswain (rowing)|coxswain]] in Eton's traditional "Fourth of June" Daylight Procession of Boats.<ref name="Cathcart73" />
He then matriculated at the [[University of Cambridge]], where he studied architecture at [[Jesus College, Cambridge|Jesus College]], but failed his second-year exams.<ref name="BBC-Death">{{cite news |date=13 January 2017 |title=Lord Snowdon dies aged 86 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-38611497 |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref> He [[Coxswain (rowing)|coxed]] the winning [[Cambridge University Boat Club|Cambridge boat]] in the [[The Boat Race 1950|1950 Boat Race]].<ref>British Rowing Almanack 1950.</ref>
== Career ==
[[File:Earlofsnowdon.jpeg|thumb|left|Armstrong-Jones in 1958, photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]]]]
After university, Armstrong-Jones began a career as a photographer in fashion, design and theatre. His stepmother had a friend who knew [[Baron (photographer)|Baron the photographer]]; Baron visited Armstrong-Jones in his London flat, which doubled as his work studio.<ref name="Cathcart82">{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/82 82] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Baron, impressed, agreed to bring on Armstrong-Jones as an apprentice, first on a fee-paying basis<ref name="Cathcart82" /> but eventually, as his talent and skills became apparent to Baron, as a salaried associate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/84 84] |url-access=registration}}</ref>
Much of his early commissions were theatrical portraits, often with recommendations from his uncle Oliver Messel, and "society" portraits highly favoured in ''[[Tatler]]'', which, in addition to buying many of his photographs, gave him byline credit for the captions.<ref name="Cathcart1968">{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |url-access=registration}}</ref> He later became known for his royal studies, among which were the official portraits of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] and the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] during their 1957 tour of Canada.<ref name="BBC-Obit">{{cite news |date=13 January 2017 |title=Obituary: Lord Snowdon |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11483331 |access-date=13 January 2017}}</ref> He was also an early contributor to ''[[Queen (magazine)|Queen]]'' magazine, the magazine owned by his friend [[Jocelyn Stevens]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Haden-Guest |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Haden-Guest |date=12 February 2006 |title=The queen is dead |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/feb/12/pressandpublishing.observermagazine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221044241/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/feb/12/pressandpublishing.observermagazine |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2014 |title=Sir Jocelyn Stevens - obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11158471/Sir-Jocelyn-Stevens-obituary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013201810/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11158471/Sir-Jocelyn-Stevens-obituary.html |archive-date=13 October 2014 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
After [[Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones|marrying Princess Margaret in May 1960]], Armstrong-Jones's first solo public engagement was on 7 December 1960, when he presented the 1960 National Challenge Trophies for the trade organisation the [[Photographic Information Council]]'s School Photography competition, with entries from 200 schools in Britain with camera clubs, at the opening of an exhibition of the work. News of this event was covered in American<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilmore |first=Eddy |date=8 December 1960 |title=Princess Mate Makes Public Talk |pages=10 |work=The State |location=Columbia, South Carolina, USA}}</ref> and Australian<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 1960 |title=Pictures of the Week |pages=16 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |location=Sydney, Australia}}</ref> newspapers, as well as in England.
In line with the usual royal practice when a king's daughter married a commoner,<ref name="WCA"/> in October 1961 Armstrong-Jones was granted a [[Peerage of the United Kingdom|peerage]], becoming [[Earl of Snowdon]], or Lord Snowdon.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
In the early 1960s, Snowdon became the artistic adviser of ''[[The Sunday Times Magazine]]'', and by the 1970s had established himself as one of Britain's most respected photographers. Though his work included everything from fashion photography to documentary images of inner-city life and the mentally ill, he is best known for his portraits of world notables, many of them published in ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', ''The Sunday Times Magazine'', and ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Sunday Telegraph Magazine]]''. His subjects included [[Marlene Dietrich]], [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Maggie Smith]], [[Leslie Caron]],<ref name="Cathcart1968" /> [[Lynn Fontanne]],<ref name="Cathcart1968" /> [[David Bowie]], [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[Rupert Everett]], [[Anthony Blunt]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Blunt |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw19085/Anthony-Blunt |access-date=13 January 2017 |publisher=National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> [[David Hockney]],<ref name="Royal">{{cite web |title=The Photography of Antony Armstrong-Jones |url=http://tatianacressidacoco.blogspot.com/2017/11/antonyajsnowdon.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034110/http://tatianacressidacoco.blogspot.com/2017/11/antonyajsnowdon.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=Royal Author Tatiana Coco}}</ref> [[Princess Grace of Monaco]], [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], [[Barbara Cartland]], [[Raine Spencer, Countess Spencer|Raine Spencer (when she was Lady Lewisham)]], [[Desmond Guinness]],<ref name="Royal" /> British prime minister [[Harold Macmillan]],<ref name="Royal" /> [[Iris Murdoch]],<ref name="Royal" /> [[Tom Stoppard]],<ref name="Royal" /> [[Vladimir Nabokov]],<ref name="Royal" /> and [[J. R. R. Tolkien]].<ref>{{cite web |title=J. R. R. Tolkien |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw19287/JRR-Tolkien?set=256%3BPhotographs+by+Lord+Snowdon&search=ap&rNo=11 |access-date=13 January 2017 |publisher=National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> More than 280 of his photographs are in the permanent collections of the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]].<ref name="NPG"/>
In 1968, he made his first documentary film, ''Don't Count the Candles'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Don't Count the Candles (1968) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6caa1104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118074250/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6caa1104 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2017 |publisher=[[BFI]]}}</ref> for the US television network [[CBS]], on the subject of aging. It won seven awards,<ref name="BBC-Obit" /> including two [[Emmy]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lord Snowdon |url=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/lord-snowden-received-an-emmy-for-outstanding-cultural-dont-news-photo/534370710#lord-snowden-received-an-emmy-for-outstanding-cultural-dont-count-the-picture-id534370710 |publisher=gettyimages.co.uk |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216143600/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/lord-snowden-received-an-emmy-for-outstanding-cultural-dont-news-photo/534370710#lord-snowden-received-an-emmy-for-outstanding-cultural-dont-count-the-picture-id534370710 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 1969 |title=1969 Press Photo Emmy Award Winners Lord Snowdon William McClure |agency=United Press International |format=News photo |url=https://outlet.historicimages.com/products/rsd76371 |access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref> This was followed by ''Love of a Kind'' (1969), about the British and animals,<ref>{{cite web |title=Love of a Kind |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b73c638a2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118075415/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b73c638a2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |publisher=BFI}}</ref> ''Born to Be Small'' (1971) about people of restricted growth<ref>{{cite news |last=Barnham |first=Glen |date=17 September 2009 |title=Sadie Corré obituary |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/sep/17/sadie-corre-obituary |access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref> and ''Happy Being Happy'' (1973).<ref>{{cite news |last=Robertson |first=Nan |date=10 November 1979 |title=A Life in Pictures: Lord Snowdon's 30 Years as a Photojournalist |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/10/archives/a-life-in-pictures-lord-snowdons-30-years-as-a-photojournalist-not.html |access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>
In October 1981, a group portrait by Snowdon of the British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] was used on the cover of their ''[[Greatest Hits (Queen album)|Greatest Hits]]'' album. A Snowdon portrait of [[Freddie Mercury]] was used in 2000 on the cover of Mercury's compilation box set ''[[The Solo Collection]]''.{{citation needed|date = November 2023}}
In 2000, Snowdon was given a retrospective exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery, ''Photographs by Snowdon: A Retrospective'',<ref>{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Photographs by Snowdon: A Retrospective |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/2000/photographs-by-snowdon-a-retrospective.php |access-date=13 January 2017 |work=Past exhibition archive |publisher=National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> which travelled to the [[Yale Center for British Art]] the following year.<ref name="Yale-Retrospective">{{cite web |title=Photographs by Snowdon: A Retrospective |url=http://britishart.yale.edu/exhibitions/photographs-snowdon-retrospective-0 |access-date=13 January 2017 |publisher=[[Yale University]] |archive-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116181259/http://britishart.yale.edu/exhibitions/photographs-snowdon-retrospective-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> More than 180 of his photographs were displayed in an exhibition that honoured what the museums called "a rounded career with sharp edges".<ref name="Yale-Retrospective" />
Snowdon was an Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Photographic Society]]—he was awarded the Hood Medal of the Society in 1978 and the Progress Medal in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hood Medal – RPS |url=http://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/hood-medal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116184519/http://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/hood-medal |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=rps.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progress Medal – RPS |url=http://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/progress-medal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310114310/http://www.rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/progress-medal |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=rps.org}}</ref>
In 2006, Tomas Maier, creative director of the Italian fashion brand [[Bottega Veneta]], brought in Snowdon to photograph his Autumn/Winter 2006 campaign.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 August 2011 |title=BOTTEGA VENETA's Fall campaign, a marketing lesson for luxury brands – CPP-LUXURY |newspaper=CPP-LUXURY |url=http://www.cpp-luxury.com/bottega-venetas-fall-campaign-a-marketing-lesson-for-luxury-brands/ |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
== Designs and inventions ==
Snowdon co-designed (in 1963, with [[Frank Newby]] and [[Cedric Price]]) the "Snowdon Aviary" of the [[London Zoo]] (which opened in 1964); he later said it was one of his creations of which he was most proud, and affectionately called it the "birdcage".<ref name="Grice" /> He also had a major role in designing the physical arrangements for the [[Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales|1969 investiture of his nephew]] Prince Charles as [[Prince of Wales]].<ref>''Royal'', by [[Robert Lacey]], 2002.</ref>
He was granted a patent for a type of [[electric wheelchair]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite patent|country=GB|number=1230619|title=Means for Providing Mobility for Physically Handicapped Persons|status=patent|gdate=5 May 1971|invent1=A.C.R. Armstrong-Jones. Earl of Snowdon}}</ref>
== Philanthropy and charity ==
===Disabled persons===
Contracting polio as a teenager left Snowdon with a shortened leg and a limp. As a result, in adulthood, he was a fierce and tireless campaigner for disabled people, and over several decades achieved dozens of groundbreaking political, economic, structural, transportation, and educational reforms for persons with any type of disability.<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Courcy |first1=Anne |author1-link=Anne de Courcy |title=Snowdon: The Biography |date=2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |pages=112–397}}</ref>
In the 1960s, he served as a council member of the Polio Research Fund, later renamed the National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cathcart |first=Helen |url=https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath |title=Lord Snowdon |date=1968 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |isbn=978-0-491-00381-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/lordsnowdon00cath/page/70 70] |url-access=registration}}</ref> He served as a trustee of the National Fund for Research into Crippling Diseases, since renamed [[Action Medical Research]].<ref name="Cathcart1968" />
In June 1980, Snowdon started an award scheme for disabled students.<ref name="TimesObituary">{{cite news |title=Obituary: Earl of Snowdon |work=The Times |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/register/earl-of-snowdon-0fd88tnwx |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="BBC-Obit"/> This scheme, administered by the Snowdon Trust, provides grants and scholarships for students with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Snowdon Trust – Helping students achieve their full potential |url=https://www.snowdontrust.org/ |website=www.snowdontrust.org}}</ref>
He was president for England of the [[International Year of Disabled Persons]] in 1981.<ref name="TimesObituary" />
In 1981, he formed the Snowdon Council; it consisted of 12 members who coordinated a dozen different bodies concerned with helping disabled people.<ref name="BBC-Obit"/>
===The arts===
During his first marriage, Snowdon was patron of the [[National Youth Theatre]], the [[Contemporary Art Society]] for Wales, the [[Theatre of Wales|Welsh Theatre]] Company, and the [[Civic Trust for Wales]].<ref name="Cathcart1968" /> He was also President of the British [[Theatre Museum]].<ref name="Cathcart1968" />
He was provost of the [[Royal College of Art]] from 1995 to 2003.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Lord Snowdon obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jan/13/lord-snowdon-obituary |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Snowdon was married twice, first to [[Princess Margaret]] (1960 to 1978) and secondly to Lucy Mary [[Lindsay-Hogg baronets|Lindsay-Hogg]] (1978 to 2000).<ref name="Alderson">{{cite news |last=Alderson |first=Andrew |date=31 May 2008 |title=Lord Snowdon, his women, and his love child |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2059552/Lord-Snowdon-his-women-and-his-love-child.html}}</ref>
=== First marriage ===
{{see also|Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones}}
[[File:Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon with Lyndon B. Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson.jpg|thumb|Lord Snowdon, [[Lady Bird Johnson]], [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]], and the United States president [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] at the [[White House]] on 17 November 1965]]
In February 1960, Snowdon, then known as Antony Armstrong-Jones, became engaged to the Queen's sister, Princess Margaret, and they married on 6 May 1960 at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The ceremony was the first royal wedding to be broadcast on television.<ref>{{citation |last=Davies |first=Caroline |title=A captivating woman... |date=10 February 2002 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384451/A-captivating-woman-who-was-courted-by-many-suitors-but-failed-to-find-lasting-love.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |access-date=17 October 2008}}</ref> Despite the enthusiasm of the public, some critics disapproved of a commoner marrying into the royal family.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 May 1960 |title=1960: Margaret weds Armstrong-Jones |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/6/newsid_3993000/3993317.stm |access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> The couple made their home in apartments at [[Kensington Palace]]. He was created ''Earl of Snowdon'' and ''Viscount Linley'', of [[Nymans]] in the [[County of Sussex]], on 6 October 1961.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{London Gazette|issue=42481|date=6 October 1961|page=7199}}</ref> The couple had two children: [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon|David, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]], born 3 November 1961, and [[Lady Sarah Chatto|Lady Sarah]], born 1 May 1964.<ref name="BBC1976">{{cite news |title=1976: Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon to split |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/19/newsid_4243000/4243211.stm |access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref>
The couple remained married for eighteen years. "They were both pretty strong-willed and accustomed to having their own way, so there were bound to be collisions", according to de Courcy. His work also consumed a great deal of time. "She expected her husband to be with her more, but one of Tony's strongest motivations was work."<ref name="Frost">{{cite web |last=Frost |first=Katie |date=8 December 2017 |title=The True Story of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones's Love Affair |url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/news/a9255/princess-margaret-lord-snowdon-relationship/ |access-date=14 May 2018 |publisher=Town & Country}}</ref> The marriage was accompanied by drugs, alcohol, and bizarre behaviour by both parties, such as his leaving lists of "Twenty Reasons Why I Hate You" for the princess to find between the pages of books she read.<ref name = ODNB/> According to biographer [[Sarah Bradford]], one note read: "You look like a Jewish manicurist and I hate you".<ref>{{cite book |last=Bradford |first=Sarah |title=Elizabeth |publisher=William Heinemann |year=1996 |location=London}}</ref> According to biographer de Courcy, "Most people, including the Royal Family, took his side."<ref name="deCourcy" />
When high society palled for Snowdon, he would escape to a hideaway cottage with his lovers or on overseas photographic assignments.  Among Snowdon's lovers in the late 1960s was Lady Jacqueline Rufus-Isaacs, daughter of the [[Michael Alfred Rufus Isaacs, 3rd Marquess of Reading|3rd Marquess of Reading]].<ref name="Alderson" /> In spite of her own affairs, Margaret was said to be particularly upset when hearing about this woman.<ref name="Frost" /> Margaret and Snowdon separated in 1976, and the marriage ended in divorce in 1978.<ref name="BBC1976" />
In 2004, ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'' reported that Snowdon had fathered an illegitimate daughter shortly before marrying Princess Margaret.<ref name="Bloxham">Bloxham, Andy (31 May 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080603060545/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/theroyalfamily/2056112/Lord-Snowdon-fathered-a-secret-love-child-just-months-before-marrying-Princess-Margaret.html "Lord Snowdon fathered a secret love child just months before marrying Princess Margaret"]. ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 28 June 2008.</ref> Polly Fry, born on 28 May 1960 in the third week of Lord Snowdon's marriage to Princess Margaret, was brought up as a daughter of [[Jeremy Fry]], inventor and member of the [[J. S. Fry & Sons|Fry's]] chocolate family, and his wife Camilla.<ref name="Bloxham"/><ref>Conti, Samantha (21 November 2008). "The Tony Earl". ''[[Women's Wear Daily]]''. p. 10.</ref> Polly Fry asserted that a [[DNA test]] in 2004 proved Snowdon's paternity. Jeremy Fry rejected her claim, and Snowdon denied having taken a DNA test. However, four years later, after Fry had died, Snowdon admitted that this account was true.<ref name="Alderson" /><ref name="Bloxham" />
=== Second marriage ===
After his divorce from Princess Margaret, Lord Snowdon married Lucy Mary Lindsay-Hogg (née Davies), the former wife of [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg|Sir Michael Lindsay-Hogg, 5th Baronet]], in December 1978. In 1979, they had a daughter, Lady Frances Armstrong-Jones, who became a designer and board member of the Snowdon Trust.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our board |url=https://www.snowdontrust.org/our-board |website=The Snowdon Trust}}</ref> In 2006, Lady Frances married Rodolphe von [[Hofmannsthal]] (b. 1980), the great-grandson of [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Markus |first1=Georg |title=Hofmannsthal und die Queen |url=https://www.pressreader.com/austria/kurier-3402/20220925/281917366948266 |access-date=9 June 2023 |work=Im Spiegel der Geschichte: Was berühmte Menschen erlebten |publisher=Amalthea Signum Verlag |date=25 September 2022 |language=German}}</ref>
The Snowdons separated in 2000 after the revelation that in 1998 Snowdon had fathered a son, Jasper William Oliver Cable-Alexander, by  Melanie Cable-Alexander, an editor at ''[[Country Life (magazine)|Country Life]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bearn |first=Emily |date=16 April 2003 |title=Still playing Peter Pan |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3592805/Still-playing-Peter-Pan.html}}</ref><ref>Owens, Mitchell (27 July 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/27/style/noticed-blood-tells-so-does-burke-s.html "Noticed: Blood Tells. So Does Burke's"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</ref>
=== Death ===
Lord Snowdon died from kidney failure at his home in [[Kensington]] on 13 January 2017, aged 86.<ref name = ODNB/><ref name="BBC-Death" /> His funeral took place on 20 January at [[St Baglan's Church, Llanfaglan|St Baglan's Church]] in the remote village of [[Llanfaglan]] near [[Caernarfon]]. He was buried in the family plot in the churchyard.<ref>{{cite web |last=Crump |first=Eryl |date=20 January 2017 |title=Lord Snowdon laid to rest at family service near Caernarfon |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/lord-snowdon-funeral-royal-caernarfon-12483485 |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=dailypost.co.uk}}</ref>
== Publications ==
Snowdon authored and curated a book of his own photographs, entitled ''Snowdon: A Life in View''.<ref name = ODNB/> It was edited by his daughter Lady Frances von Hofmannsthal. [[Graydon Carter]] wrote the foreword and [[Patrick Kinmonth]] wrote the introduction. [[Tom Ford]] is listed as a contributor in the book's credentials. It was published by [[RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli]] in 2017.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
Generally, Snowdon's publications have been attributed to Antony Armstrong-Jones. Occasionally, the byline includes Earl of Snowdon, and most of the titles at least contain Snowdon in the title.
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''London.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1958. (A later edition has {{ISBN|0-297-16763-4}}.)
*''Private View: The Lively World of British Art'' (1965, with text by Bryan Robertson and John Russell)
* ''Assignments.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972. {{ISBN|0-297-99582-0}}.
* ''A View of Venice.'' [Ivrea]: Olivetti, c1972. <!-- no ISBN, it seems -->
* ''Snowdon: A Photographic Autobiography'' (Times Books, 1979)
* ''Personal View.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979. {{ISBN|0-297-77715-7}}.
* ''Snowdon Tasmania Essay.'' Hobart: Ronald Banks, 1981. {{ISBN|0-85828-007-8}}. Text by Trevor Wilson.
* ''Sittings, 1979–1983.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983. {{ISBN|0-297-78314-9}}.
* ''Israel: A First View.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986. {{ISBN|0-297-78860-4}}.
* ''Stills 1984–1987.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987. {{ISBN|0-297-79185-0}}.
* ''Serendipity: A Light-hearted Look at People, Places and Things.'' Brighton: Royal Pavilion, Art Gallery & Museums, 1989. {{ISBN|0-948723-10-6}}.
* ''Pride of the Shires: The Story of the Whitbread Horses''
* ''Public Appearances 1987–1991.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991. {{ISBN|0-297-83122-4}}.
* ''Hong Kong: Portraits of Power.'' Boston: Little, Brown, 1995. {{ISBN|0-316-22052-3}}. Text by Evelyn Huang and Lawrence Jeffery.
* ''Wild Flowers.'' London: Pavilion, 1995. {{ISBN|1-85793-783-X}}.
* ''Snowdon on Stage: With a Personal View of the British Theatre 1954–1996.'' London: Pavilion, 1996. {{ISBN|1-85793-919-0}}.
* ''Wild Fruit.'' London: Bloomsbury, 1997. {{ISBN|0-7475-3700-3}}. Text by Penny David.
* ''London: Sight Unseen.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999. {{ISBN|0-297-82490-2}}. Text by [[Gwyn Headley]].
* ''Photographs by Snowdon: A Retrospective.'' London: National Portrait Gallery, 2000. {{ISBN|1-85514-272-4}}.
* ''Snowdon.'' London: Chris Beetles Gallery, 2006. {{ISBN|1-871136-99-7}}.
{{div col end}}
== Titles, honours and arms ==
=== Peerage ===
Following his wedding, Armstrong-Jones was granted an earldom<ref name="ReferenceA" /> and introduced to the [[House of Lords]] as the Earl of Snowdon on 28 February 1962.<ref>{{hansard|1962/feb/28/the-earl-of-snowdon|house=lords|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> The awarding of the earldom was in line with the practice of granting a peerage upon marriage into the royal family.<ref name="WCA">"The Peerage". Whitaker's Concise Almanack. 2003. pp. 134–169. {{ISBN|0-7136-6498-3}}.</ref> Snowdon was appointed [[Castellan|Constable]] of [[Caernarfon Castle]] in 1963; as part of this role, he designed and organised the [[Investiture of the Prince of Wales#Investiture of Charles|Investiture of the Prince of Wales]] in 1969.<ref name="BBC-Obit" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bagnall |first=Steve |date=13 January 2018 |title=Tributes to 'gentleman' Lord Snowdon |work=northwales |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/tributes-gentleman-lord-snowdon-who-12452935 |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref>
He made his maiden speech in the House of Lords in April 1972<ref>{{hansard|1974/apr/10/mobility-of-the-physically-disabled|house=lords|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> on the problems that disabled people suffered in everyday life.<ref name="TimesObituary" /> One of his last contributions to the Lords was in response to the [[Queen's Speech]] of 1992.<ref>{{hansard|1992/may/12/address-in-reply-to-her-majestys-most|house=lords|title=Address in Reply to Her Majesty's Most Gracious Speech|access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
On 16 November 1999, Lord Snowdon was created '''Baron Armstrong-Jones''', of [[Nymans]] in the County of West Sussex.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=55672|date=19 November 1999|page=12349}}</ref> This was a [[life peer]]age given to him so that he could keep his seat in the House of Lords after most hereditary peers had been [[House of Lords Act 1999|excluded]]. An offer of a life peerage was made to all hereditary peers of the first creation (those for whom a peerage was originally created, as opposed to those who inherited a peerage from an ancestor) at that time.<ref name="Watt">{{cite web |last=Watt |first=Nicholas |date=3 November 1999 |title=Dismay as Snowdon stays in Lords |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/nov/03/lordreform.constitution |access-date=16 January 2015 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> The government of the day had expected Lord Snowdon to follow the example of members of the royal family and turn down his right to a life peerage. At the time, [[Labour Party (United Kingdom)|Labour]] MP [[Fraser Kemp]] said he was "shocked and surprised that someone who achieved their position in the House of Lords by virtue of marriage should accept a seat in the reformed Lords".<ref name="Watt" />
Snowdon retired from the House of Lords on 31 March 2016,<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Earl of Snowdon – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/3150/career |website=members.parliament.uk}}</ref> having seldom attended<ref>{{cite web |title=Voting Record – The Earl of Snowdon (13657) – The Public Whip |url=http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?id=uk.org.publicwhip/member/100604&showall=yes#divisions |website=publicwhip.org.uk}}</ref> nor claimed any expenses for many years.<ref>{{cite web |title=House of Lords – Members' Expenses 1 April 2001 – 31 March 2002 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-finance-office/holallowances0102.pdf |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=House of Lords Publication of Financial Support for Members 1 – 31 March 2016 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-finance-office/2015-16/allowances-expenses-2015-16-month-12-march.pdf |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref>
=== Awards and honours ===
* 7 July 1969: [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=44888|date=3 July 1969|page=6967|supp=y}}</ref>
*1985: [[Progress Medal (RPS)|Progress Medal]] of the [[Royal Photographic Society]] and an Honorary Fellowship<ref>{{cite web |title=Progress Medal |url=http://rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/progress-medal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310114310/http://www.rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/progress-medal |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=The Royal Photographic Society}}</ref>
* 1989: [[honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D.) of the [[University of Bath]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Graduates 1989 to present |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |access-date=18 February 2012 |publisher=[[University of Bath]] |archive-date=19 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219000643/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Arms ===
{{Emblem table
|image = File:Coat of Arms of Antony, Earl of Snowdon.svg
|bannerimage =
|badgeimage =
|notes = Image sources:<ref>{{cite book |last=Maclagan |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Maclagan |author2=Louda, Jiří |title=Line of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe |year=1999 |publisher=Little, Brown & Co |location=London |isbn=1-85605-469-1 |page=31}}</ref><ref name="Kidd">{{cite book |editor1=Kidd, Charles |editor2=Williamson, David |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |year=2003 |publisher=Debrett's Peerage Limited |location=London |page=1490}}</ref>
|adopted =
|crest = A stag statant gules attired collared and unguled Or between two arms embowed in armour the hands proper each grasping a fleur-de-lis gold.<ref name="Kidd" />
|torse =
|helm =
|escutcheon = Sable on a chevron argent, between in chief two fleurs-de-lis Or, and in base an eagle displayed Or, four pallets gules.<ref name="Kidd" />
|supporters = Dexter, a griffin, and sinister, an eagle, each with wings elevated and addorsed Or.<ref name="Kidd" />
|compartment = Land
|motto = A Noddo Duw A Noddir (Welsh: ''What God wills will be'')<ref name="Kidd" />
|orders = Royal Victorian Order circlet ''(Appointed GCVO 1969)''
|other_elements = [[Mantling]]
|banner =
|badge =
|symbolism =
|previous_versions =
}}
== Issue ==
{| class="wikitable style="font-size: 95%;width: 78%;"
! Name !! Birth !! colspan=2 | Marriage !! Issue
|-
| colspan=5 bgcolor=white | by Camilla Grinling Fry
|-
| Polly Fry
| 28 May 1960
|
| Barnaby Higson<ref name="Bloxham" />
| 5 children<ref name="Bloxham" />
|-
| colspan=5 bgcolor=white | by [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]]
|-
| [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]]
| 3 November 1961
| 8 October 1993<br /><small>Separated 2020</small>
| [[Serena Armstrong-Jones, Countess of Snowdon|Serena Stanhope]]
| [[Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley]]<br />[[Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones]]
|-
| [[Lady Sarah Chatto|Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones]]
| 1 May 1964
| 14 July 1994<ref>{{cite book |author=Wayne C. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFMEDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |title=Western Europe 2016–2017 |date=20 July 2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-4758-2905-1 |pages=30–}}</ref>
| [[Daniel Chatto]]
| Samuel Chatto<ref name="Hardie">{{cite web |last=Hardie Lupica |first=Lilith |date=28 February 2018 |title=Princess Margaret's grandsons are the new Prince William and Harry |url=https://www.vogue.com.au/miss-vogue/news/princess-margarets-grandsons-are-the-new-prince-william-and-harry/news-story/82b50fe5774be368795d2a247a9096bc |access-date=4 October 2018 |publisher=Vogue Australia}}</ref><br />Arthur Chatto<ref name="Hardie" />
|-
| colspan=5 bgcolor=white | by Lucy Lindsay-Hogg
|-
| Lady Frances Armstrong-Jones
| 17 July 1979
| 2 December 2006<ref name="Times">{{cite news |date=3 December 2006 |title=Snowdon's daughter marries |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/snowdons-daughter-marries-f0j5p5c8nw3 |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> <small>Separated 2022</small>
| Rodolphe von [[Hofmannsthal]]<ref name="Times" />
| Rex von Hofmannsthal<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=14 May 2008 |title=Earl of Snowdon's daughter has first child |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/1953475/Mandrake-Earl-of-Snowdons-daughter-has-first-child.html |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><br />Maud von Hofmannsthal<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=8 December 2009 |title=Maud the merrier for the Earl of Snowdon |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/6762755/Maud-the-merrier-for-the-Earl-of-Snowdon.html |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><br />Sybil von Hofmannsthal
|-
| colspan=5 bgcolor=white | by Melanie Cable-Alexander
|-
| Jasper Cable-Alexander<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kenber |first1=Billy |title=Snowdon cut secret child out of will |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/snowdon-cut-secret-child-out-of-will-5jpfg8hg2}}</ref>
| 30 April 1998
|
|
|
|}
==In popular culture==
Armstrong-Jones is portrayed in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]'' in season 2 by [[Matthew Goode]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Billen |first=Andrew |title=Matthew Goode lords it up as Snowdon in The Crown |date=3 June 2023 |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/matthew-goode-lords-it-up-as-snowdon-in-the-crown-pdf7srtg3 |via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}</ref> and in season 3 by [[Ben Daniels]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2017 |title=The Crown season 3 and 4, cast and characters: including Olivia Colman as Queen Elizabeth II |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/0/crown-season-2-cast-characters-playing-real-people-behind-netflix/ben-daniels-anthony-armstrong-jones-known-lord-snowdon/ |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|United Kingdom}}
* [[List of Cambridge University Boat Race crews]]
* [[List of Old Etonians born in the 20th century]]
* [[List of photographers]]
* [[List of University of Cambridge members]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-antony-armstrong-jones | the Earl of Snowdon }}
* {{NPG name|name=Lord Snowdon}}
* {{IMDb name|0811375}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Earl of Snowdon]]|years=1961–2017|lords=1961–1999, 1999–2016}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon|David Armstrong-Jones]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snowdon, Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century British photographers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Armstrong-Jones family|Antony]]
[[Category:British portrait photographers]]
[[Category:Cambridge University Boat Club rowers]]
[[Category:Chartered designers]]
[[Category:Crossbench life peers]]
[[Category:Earls created by Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Earls of Snowdon]]
[[Category:English people of German-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:English people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:English people with disabilities]]
[[Category:British fashion photographers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Sandroyd School]]
[[Category:People from Slaugham]]
[[Category:Photographers from London]]
[[Category:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]