View source for Archail

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Archail
|commune status         = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image                  = Archail.JPG
|caption                = The village
|arrondissement         = Digne-les-Bains
|canton                 = Seyne
|INSEE                  = 04009
|postal code            = 04420
|mayor                  = Laurence Guichard-Sagniez<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term                   = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Provence-Alpes Agglomération]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|44.1222|6.335|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            = 920
|elevation min m        = 759
|elevation max m        = 1984
|area km2               = 12.99
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Archail''' ({{IPA|fr|aʁʃaj}}; {{langx|oc|Archalh}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] region of south-eastern [[France]].
With 14 inhabitants (as of 2019), it is the third least populated commune in the department, after [[Majastres]] and [[Saint-Martin-lès-Seyne]].<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep04.pdf Populations légales 2019: 04 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence], INSEE</ref>
The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Archailois'' or ''Archailoises''.<ref>[http://www.habitants.fr Inhabitants of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
==Geography==
Archail is located some 8&nbsp;km north-east of [[Digne]] and some 5&nbsp;km south of [[Le Brusquet]]. By road from Digne it is 14&nbsp;km by a winding mountain road. The village is located in a wooded basin at an altitude of 920m.<ref name="La Torre"/> Access to the commune is by the D22 road which runs east from [[Marcoux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence|Marcoux]] to [[Draix]] and which passes through the northern tip of the commune. A local road runs off the D22 in the northern tip of the commune and continues south through the commune to the village. The commune is mountainous and heavily forested but there is a small area of farmland south-west of the village.<ref name=Google>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Archail/@44.1136369,6.3266545,6612m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x12cb86867b0b426b:0x40819a5fd97b710?hl=en Google Maps]</ref>
===Geology===
[[File:Archail TN.JPG|thumb|Archail village with black marl slopes to the west]]
Much of the commune consists of rounded hills of eroded black [[marl]]. The Pic de Couar (1,988m) is spectacular as is the Pas d'Archail (1,667m). The Ravine and Torrent of l'Areste is in the south in the hills.
===Hydrology===
A vast number of streams rise in the commune including: The Bouinenc (14 kilometres long),<ref>{{sandre|id=X1210600|nom=Le Bouinenc}}</ref> the Sauzeries Ravine (9&nbsp;km long),<ref>{{sandre|id=X1400520|nom=Ravin des Sauzeries}}</ref> the Mouiroués Ravine (8&nbsp;km long),<ref>{{sandre|id=X1230540|nom=Ravin de Mouiroués}}</ref> and its tributary, the Escure Stream (5.7&nbsp;km long).<ref>{{sandre|id=X1231020|nom=Ruisseau de l'Escure}}</ref> These all flow north to join the Bouinenc which continues west to join the [[Bléone]].<ref name=Google/>
===Natural and technological hazards===
None of the 200 communes of the department is in a no seismic risk zone. The area to which Archail belongs is in Zone 1b (low risk) according to the deterministic classification of 1991 and based on its seismic history. The Canton is in Zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probabilistic classification EC8 2011.<ref name="prim"/> The commune of Archail is also exposed to two other natural hazards:<ref name="prim"/> forest fire and landslide.
===Neighbouring communes and villages===
{{Geographic location
|width=auto
|Centre    = Archail
|North     = [[Le Brusquet]]
|Northeast = [[Draix]]
|East      =
|Southeast =
|South     =
|Southwest = [[Digne]]
|West      = [[Marcoux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence|Marcoux]]
|Northwest =
}}
<ref name=Google/>
==Toponymy==
The area appears for the first time in texts around 1200 in the form ''Archallo''. The origin of the name is [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Celtic-Ligurian]] and means ''in front of the rocks''.<ref name="Rostaing"/> The Historical Atlas of Provence also indicates a spelling of ''Arcalhum''.<ref name="AHP"/>
==History==
In [[Classical antiquity|Antiquity]] the ''Bodiontiques'' (''Bodiontici'') inhabited the Bléone valley and so were the [[Gallic people]] who lived in what is now the commune of Archail. The Bodiontiques were defeated by Augustus at the same time as the other people present on the [[Tropaeum Alpium]] (before 14 BC) and were attached to the province of [[Alpes-Maritimes]] during its creation.<ref name="beaujard-22"/>
According to Daniel Thiery, the community was reported in the [[Polyptych (document)|Polyptych]] of Wadalde (Bishop of Marseille) in 814 under the name ''Argario''.<ref name="archeo-provence"/>
The community of Archail was under the [[Viguerie]] of [[Digne]].<ref name="archeo-provence"/> In 1193 the lordship of Archail (''Argal'') was given by the two lords of Saint-Julien to the [[Cathedral chapter|Chapter]] of Digne.<ref name="archeo-provence"/> The lordship was divided between the Bishops of Digne and the Chapter of Digne before the [[French Revolution]].<ref name="AHP"/> These new lords strengthened their new possession and collected the population in a central location.<ref name="archeo-provence"/>
As with many of the communes in the department, Archail had a school well before the [[Jules Ferry laws]]: in 1863 it already had a school that provided primary education for boys in the main town.<ref name="labadie9"/> No instruction was given to girls: neither the [[Falloux Laws]] (1851), which required the opening of a girls' school in communes with more than 800 inhabitants,<ref name="labadie16"/> nor the first ''Duruy Law'' (1867), which lowered the threshold to 500 inhabitants, related to Archail<ref name="labadie18"/> and it was only through the Ferry laws that Archail girls were able to regularly study.
Between 1973 and 1979 the commune was merged with Draix under the name Archail-Draix.<ref name="Cassini"/><ref name="Cassini2"/>
==Administration==
{{incomplete list|date=April 2021}}
'''List of successive mayors''':<ref>[http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/resultcommune.php?id=16827 List of Mayors of France]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! From !! To !! Name !! Party
|-
| 1945 ||  || Jean-Baptiste Giraud<ref>Sébastien Thébault and Thérèse Dumont, [http://www.basses-alpes39-45.fr/resistance/liberation/presentation.php The Liberation], ''Basses-Alpes 39-45'', published 31 March 2014, consulted on 2 April 2014.</ref> ||
|-
| 1946 || 2001 || Jean Paul Ferrary<ref>Between 1973 and 1979 he was Mayor of Archail-Draix</ref> ||
|-
| 2001 || 2015 || Maurice Ferrary || [[Miscellaneous right|DVD]]
|-
| 2015 || Current || Laurence Guichard-Sagnez ||
|}
==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-04009#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |18
|1975 |11
|1982 |10
|1990 |6
|1999 |7
|2007 |7
|2012 |23
|2017 |15
}}
==Economy==
In 2017, the active population was 6 people with no unemployed. All of these workers were employees and worked outside the commune.<ref name=complet>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-04009 Dossier complet: Commune d'Archail (04009)]</ref>
At the end of 2015 the commune had eight active establishments: three in the industry and construction sector, four in the trade and services sector, and one in the public sector. In total there were 4 salaried jobs in the commune: three in the public sector and one in industry.<ref name="complet"/>
According to the Departmental Observatory of Tourism, tourism is very important for the community, with more than five tourists welcomed per resident.<ref name="atlas-hébergement6"/> Most of the accommodation capacity is non-market<ref name="atlas-hébergement7"/> and is composed solely of secondary homes:<ref name="atlas-hébergement44"/> 17 secondary homes are 64% of the commune housing.<ref name="complet"/>
==Sites and monuments==
*The '''Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and Saint George'''<ref name="archeo-provence"/> was built in 1828.<ref name="Collier"/> Its origin can be traced back to the 13th century.<ref name="archeo-provence"/> The church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
**A Processional Banner (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002471|PM04002471 Processional Banner}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Painting: Saint Charles Borromée (1842){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002470|PM04002470 Painting: Saint Charles Borromée}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Statue: Saint Charles Borromée (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002466|PM04002466 Statue: Saint Charles Borromée}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Painting: Donation of the Rosary (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002469|PM04002469 Painting: Donation of the Rosary}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A [[Thurible]] (18th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002468|PM04002468 Thurible}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A [[Monstrance]] (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002467|PM04002467 Monstrance}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Statue: Saint Joseph (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002465|PM04002465 Statue: Saint Joseph}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
**A Statue: The [[Coronation of the Virgin]] (19th century){{Palissy Icon}}<ref name="archeo-provence"/><ref>Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|PM04002464|PM04002464 Statue: The Virgin}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*The '''Notre Dame Chapel''', situated on a hill in the middle of the cemetery, is the oldest parish church in the community: its foundation is older than the current village church.<ref name="archeo-provence"/> Residents participated in the rebuilding of the chapel in 1994.<ref name="archeo-provence"/> Until the Revolution and the Empire, this chapel was the focus of a pilgrimage in August, which attracted people in surrounding communities, and which ended with games and a [[Ball (dance)|ball]].<ref name="archeo-provence"/>
==Cultural life==
The association ''Les Ateliers du Couar'' hosts May Art every year in May with many artists-exhibitors (ceramics, paintings, sculptors, photographers) and various other events related to images in all their forms and in association with many artistic expressions (literature, poetry, cinema, theatre, etc.). The theme is rural and historical heritage and messages are conveyed through various modes such as the creation of an [[artist's book]] on [[transhumance]].
This association publishes ''Les Cahiers du Couar'' with four numbers:
*''"Banaste of words and images for a summer pasture. Transhumance 2005 at the foot of White Horse"''
*the Robines
*In September 2008: the Couar Workbook No. 3 on "Water"
*In October 2009: the Couar Workbook No. 4 on honey and lavender
==Notable people linked to the commune==
*[[:fr:Jean-Pierre Alexandre Dieudé|Jean-Pierre Alexandre Dieudé]] (1743-1819), born in Archail, general of the armies of the Republic and the Empire.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Carnot |title=Correspondance générale de Carnot |date=1897 |publisher=Impr. Nationale |location=France |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2ZBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA188 |language=fr}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department]]
==Bibliography==
*Raymond Collier: ''La Haute-Provence monumental and artistic'', Digne, Jean Louis Printing, 1986, 559  p. {{in lang|fr}}
*Ed. Edward Baratier, Georges Duby, and Ernest Hildesheimer: ''Historical Atlas. Provence, County of Venaissin, Principality of Orange, County of Nice, Principality of Monaco'', Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 1969 {{in lang|fr}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="La Torre">Michel de La Torre, ''Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: The complete guide to 200 communes'', Paris, Deslogis-Lacoste, coll. "Towns and Villages of France", 1989, Relié, 72 p. (non-paginated) ({{ISBN|2-7399-5004-7}}) {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="prim">Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport, and Lodgings, [http://macommune.prim.net/d_commune.php?insee=04009 Communal Notice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172350/http://macommune.prim.net/d_commune.php?insee=04009 |date=2016-03-03 }} on the Gaspar database, online 27 May 2011, consulted on 25 June 2012 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="atlas-hébergement6">Departmental Observatory of Tourism, [http://www.alpes-haute-provence.com/sites/default/files/Atlas_hebergement2007.pdf Atlas de l'hébergement touristique], December 2008, p. 6 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="atlas-hébergement7">Departmental Observatory of Tourism, [http://www.alpes-haute-provence.com/sites/default/files/Atlas_hebergement2007.pdf Atlas de l'hébergement touristique], December 2008, p. 7 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="atlas-hébergement44">Departmental Observatory of Tourism, [http://www.alpes-haute-provence.com/sites/default/files/Atlas_hebergement2007.pdf Atlas de l'hébergement touristique], December 2008, p. 44 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="beaujard-22">Brigitte Beaujard, ''The cities of southern Gaul from the 3rd to the 7th centuries'', Gallia, 63, 2006, CNRS éditions, p. 22 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="archeo-provence">Daniel Thiery, [http://www.archeoprovence.com/archeo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135%3Aarchail&catid=56&Itemid=79 Archail], ''On the origins of churches and rural chapels in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence'', published 12 December 2010, online 15 December 2010, consulted on 25 June 2012 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="AHP">Ed. Edward Baratier, Georges Duby, and Ernest Hildesheimer: ''Historical Atlas. Provence, County of Venaissin, Principality of Orange, County of Nice, Principality of Monaco'', Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 1969, p. 160.</ref>
<ref name="labadie9">Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), ''Les Maisons d’école'', Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, {{ISBN|978-2-86-004-015-0}}, p. 9.</ref>
<ref name="labadie16">Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), ''Les Maisons d’école'', Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, {{ISBN|978-2-86-004-015-0}}, p. 16.</ref>
<ref name="labadie18">Jean-Christophe Labadie (director), ''Les Maisons d’école'', Digne-les-Bains, Departmental archives of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 2013, {{ISBN|978-2-86-004-015-0}}, p. 18.</ref>
<ref name="Cassini">{{Cassini-Ehess|1095|Archail}}</ref>
<ref name="Rostaing">Charles Rostaing, ''Essay on the Toponymy of Provence (since its origins to the barbarian invasions)'', Laffite Reprints, Marseille, 1973 (1st edition 1950), p 120 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
<ref name="Cassini2">{{Cassini-Ehess|12201|Draix}}</ref>
<ref name="Collier">Raymond Collier: ''La Haute-Provence monumental and artistic'', Digne, Jean Louis Printing, 1986, 559p, p. 379 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
*[http://ateliers-couar.over-blog.com Ateliers du Couar website] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=6.335,44.1222&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes Archail on Géoportail], [[Institut géographique national|National Geographic Institute]] (IGN) website {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=44.1222&lon=6.335&zoom=13 ''Archail'' on the 1750 Cassini Map]
{{Commons category|Archail}}
{{Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]]