View source for Ashmyany

{{Short description|Town in Grodno Region, Belarus}}
{{Redirect|Asmena|the racehorse|Asmena (horse)}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name               = Ashmyany
|native_name        = {{native name|be|Ашмяны}}<br />{{native name|ru|Ошмяны}}
|nick_name          =
|other_name         = Oshmyany
|settlement_type    = [[List of cities and largest towns in Belarus|Town]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = Ashmiany Panorama.jpg
| caption1 = Panorama of Ashmyany
| image2 = Orthodox church of the Resurrection, Ašmiany.jpg
| caption2 = Orthodox Church of the Resurrection
| image3 = Catholic church of St. Michael the Archangel, Ašmiany.jpg
| caption3 = Catholic Church of St. Michael the Archangel
| image4 = Река Ошмянка - panoramio (1).jpg
| caption4 = [[Ashmyanka]] River
| image5 = Ашмяны. Савецкая вуліца, 146, 148.jpg
| caption5 = Old buildings in Soviet Street
}}
| image_flag        = Flag of Ašmiany.svg
| image_shield      = Coat of Arms of Ašmiany, Belarus.svg
| flag_size         = 150
| shield_size       = 75
| mapsize           = 230px
| map_caption       =
| pushpin_map       = Belarus#Europe
| pushpin_relief    = 1
| coordinates       = {{Coord|54|25|30|N|25|56|15|E|type:city_region:BY|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type  = Country
| subdivision_name  = [[Belarus]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Belarus|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Grodno Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Belarus|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ashmyany District]]
|leader_party       =
|leader_title       =
|leader_name        =
|population_as_of   = 2024
|population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|archive-date=2 April 2024|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>
|population_total = 16,787
|timezone = [[Moscow Time|MSK]]
|utc_offset = +3
| website           = {{URL|https://oshmiany.gov.by}}
}}
'''Ashmyany'''<!--See WP:BELARUSIANNAMES--> or '''Oshmyany'''{{efn|{{langx|be|Ашмяны|Ašmiany}}; {{langx|ru|Ошмяны|Oshmyany}}; {{langx|lt|Ašmena}}; {{langx|pl|Oszmiana}}; {{langx|yi|אָשמענע|Oshmene}}.}} is a city in [[Grodno Region]], [[Belarus]].<ref name="enc">{{cite book |last1=Gaponenko |first1=Irina Olegovna |title=Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Гродзенская вобласць |date=2004 |location=Minsk |publisher=Тэхналогія |page=86 |isbn=985-458-098-9}}</ref> It is located {{convert|50|km}} from [[Vilnius]] in Lithuania, and serves as the administrative center of [[Ashmyany District]].<ref name="pop"/><ref name="enc"/> The river  [[Ashmyanka]] passes through the city. As of 2024, it has a population of 16,787.<ref name="pop"/>
==Name==
Since time immemorial, Ašmena and its surroundings were ethnic Lithuanian territory.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}  However, many of the indigenous inhabitants died out during the wars, famine and plague in the late 17th and the early 18th centuries, and the [[Belarusians|Belarusian]] population replaced them.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} Lithuanians were [[slavicized]] along the [[Minsk]]-Ašmena-Vilnius axis, and by the mid-19th century, the numbers of Lithuanian-speakers had severely decreased.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
Presently, its Lithuanian past is sealed in the towns's name, which is of Lithuanian origin.{{Sfn|Zinkevičius|2007|p=41}} The town's name is derived from the name of the ''Ašmena'' (modern [[Ashmyanka]] River), itself derived from the Lithuanian word ''akmuo'' (stone).{{Sfn|Zinkevičius|2007|p=41}} The link between consonants ''š'' and ''k'' is old and present in the Lithuanian words, respectively  ''ašmuo'' (sharp blade) and ''akmuo'' (stone).{{Sfn|Zinkevičius|2007|p=41}} The present name ''Ashmyany'' uses the plural form of the name and is a modern invention. Through the ancient town's history, its name was recorded in the Lithuanian singular form.{{Sfn|Zinkevičius|2007|p=41}}
==History==
===Grand Duchy of Lithuania===
====14th century====
Ašmena is mentioned first as a town in the [[Duchy of Vilnius]] in the 1350s.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} The first reliable mention of Ašmena is in the [[Lithuanian Chronicles]], which tells that after [[Gediminas]]' death in 1341, [[Jaunutis]] inherited the town.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In 1384, the [[Teutonic Order]] attacked and destroyed the town with the goal of destroying Jogaila's hereditary state.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The Teutons recorded the town as "Aschemynne".{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The Teutons managed to destroy the town, but it quickly recovered.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} By 1384, there is a manor of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] in Ašmena.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} The [[Roman Catholic]] {{Interlanguage link|Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven, Ašmena|lt=Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven|be-tarask|Касьцёл Найсьвяцейшай Панны Марыі і кляштар францішканаў (Ашмяны)|be|Касцёл Найсвяцейшай Дзевы Марыі і кляштар францысканцаў (Ашмяны)|ru|Костёл Пресвятой Девы Марии и монастырь францисканцев (Ошмяны)}} was built after 1387.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} This church was one of the first in the whole of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} The church was administrated by the [[Franciscans]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
====15th century====
In 1402, the Teutons attacked once more, but were bloodily repelled, so the Teutons withdrew to [[Medininkai]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In 1413, the town became one of the most notable [[trade]] and [[commerce]] centres within the [[Vilnius Voivodship]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} Hence, in 1432 Ashmyany became the site of an important battle between the royal forces of [[Jogaila]] under [[Žygimantas Kęstutaitis]] and the forces of [[Švitrigaila]], who was allied with the [[Teutonic Order]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} After the town was taken by the royalists, it became the private property of the [[Grand Dukes of Lithuania]] and started to develop rapidly.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
[[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] trade routes passed through the town in the 15th century.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} On 1 September 1432, Švitrigaila was deposed from the throne in Ašmena.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} On 8 December 1432, Ašmena was the site of the [[Battle of Ašmena]] between [[Švitrigaila]] and [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} There was a residential palace in Ašmena from the early 15th century to the end of the 18th century.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
====16th century====
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven burnt down in 1505, but was rebuilt.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} The [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovite]] army destroyed and burnt Ašmena to the ground in 1519, during the [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars#Fourth war (1512–1522)|Fourth Lithuanian–Muscovite War]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}  The town was granted the [[Magdeburg rights]] in the 16th century.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} From 1566, Ašmena was the centre of the {{Interlanguage link|Ašmenos apskritis (LDK)|lt=Ašmena County|lt}}.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
Ashmyany did not recover as quickly as previously after 1519, and in 1537 the town was granted several royal privileges to facilitate its reconstruction.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In 1566, the town finally received [[Magdeburg rights]], which were confirmed in 1683 (along with the privileges for the local merchants and burghers) by King [[John III Sobieski]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In the 16th century the town was one of the most notable centers of [[Calvinism]] in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], after [[Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł]] founded a college and a church there.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
====17th century====
The Muscovite army occupied Ašmena in 1655.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} Due to the widespread destruction and impoverishment during the [[Deluge (history)|Deluge]], the town was exempt from taxes in 1655, 1661 and 1667.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} In 1667, the [[Dominican Order]] {{Interlanguage link|Church of Saint Michael the Archangel, Ašmena|lt=Church of Saint Michael the Archangel|be-tarask|Касьцёл Сьвятога Міхала Арханёла (Ашмяны)|be|Касцёл Святога Міхаіла Арханёла (Ашмяны)|ru|Церковь Михаила Архангела (Ошмяны)}} was built.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
====18th century====
[[File:Coat of Arms Ashmiany 1792.png|thumb|Coat of arms, 1792]]In 1792, King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] confirmed all previous privileges and the fact, that ''Oszmiany'', as it was then called, was a free city, subordinate only to the king and the local city council. With this, the town received its first ever [[Coat of arms]]. Composed of three fields, it featured a [[shield]], a hand holding [[Weighing scale|scales]] and the bull from [[Ciołek coat of arms]], the monarch's personal coat of arms.
During the [[Uprising of 1794]], Ašmena was the site of the insurgent staff under [[Jokūbas Jasinskis]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} At the same time, an insurgent group led by [[Mykolas Kleopas Oginskis]] was organised in the town.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} In 1795, the town was annexed by the [[Russian Empire]] in the last [[Partitions of Poland–Lithuania|Partition of Poland–Lithuania]]. The Church of Saint Michael the Archangel burnt down in 1797 but was rebuilt.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
[[File:Church of Franciscans, Ashmiany.jpg|left|thumb|Ruins of the Franciscan Church]]
===19th century===
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven was also rebuilt in bricks in 1812; however, the church decayed over the 19th century.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} During the [[French invasion of Russia]], the Grande Armée took over Ašmena in 1812, and during several battles, the town partially burnt down.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}[[File:Coat of Arms of Ašmiany, Belarus, 1845.png|thumb|Russian coat of arms of the town of Oszmiana, created after the [[November Uprising]]]]
====November Uprising (1830-1831)====
During the [[November Uprising]], it was liberated by the town's citizens, led by a local priest, Jasiński, and Colonel Count [[Karol Dominik Przezdziecki|Karol Dominik Przeździecki]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} However, in April 1831, in the face of a Russian offensive, the fighters were forced to withdraw to the [[Naliboki forest]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} After a minor skirmish with Stelnicki's rearguard, the Russian punitive expeditionary force of some 1,500 officers and soldiers proceeded to burn the town and [[massacre]] the civilian population, including some 500 women, children and elderly, who sought refuge in the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Catholic Church.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} Even the local priest was murdered.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} Nothing is known of the fate of Ashmyany's Jews.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In the [[Uprising of 1831]], the [[Imperial Russian Army]] razed the town and [[massacre]]d 150 locals in one of the town's churches.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
====Rebuilding====
In 1845, as the town was rebuilding, it received a new coat of arms, in recognition of its population increase.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} It never recovered from its earlier losses, and by the end of the 19th century it became rather a provincial town, inhabited primarily by Jewish immigrants from other parts of Russia 'beyond the [[Pale of Settlement|Pale]]'.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
[[File:Ashmiana catolic kostel4.jpg|left|thumb|Dominican Church of Saint Michael the Archangel]]
The Church of Saint Michael the Archangel was closed down in 1850, but rebuilt in 1900–10.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} In the late 19th century, a tavern was built and the Russian authorities built a [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] church.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
===20th century===
In 1912 the local Jewish community built a large synagogue.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
====World War I====
After the end of World War I and the withdrawal of the [[German Army (German Empire)|German army]] in 1919, Ashmyany was under Polish jurisdiction.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} <!--The Polish armed forces defended the town against the invading Bolsheviks, and there still exist graves of Polish soldiers who died in that struggle.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}--> According to the [[Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty]], signed on 12 July 1920, Ašmena was part of Lithuania.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} However, the Lithuanian territory was seized by the [[Polish Army]] that same year.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} After the [[Polish–Soviet War]], Ashmyany was given to Poland by the [[Peace of Riga]].
====In interwar Poland====
It was a county center, first of [[Wilno Land]], then of [[Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]] during Polish rule. The town was capital of Oszmiana County. According to the census from 1931, Poles constituted 81% of the inhabitants of the Oszmiana County. On the other hand, Poles and Jews dominated the town of Oszmiana.
====World War II====
=====Soviet occupation=====
Following the Soviet-German [[invasion of Poland]] in 1939, the [[Soviet Union]] occupied the area until 1941.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} Ashmyany was given to the [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]].{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} Ashmyany was a [[raion]] center in [[Vileyka Region]] between 1939 and 1941.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} At the very end of the Soviet occupation, on the night of June 22 and morning of June 23, 1941, the [[NKVD]] murdered and buried in one mass grave 57 Polish prisoners from Ashmyany.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
=====German occupation=====
During the Nazi occupation, which began June 25, 1941, the Jews of Ashmyany and their spiritual leader Rabbi [[Zew Wawa Morejno]] were [[ghetto]]ized.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} After the Wehrmacht drove out the Soviet occupiers, Ashmyany was part of the ''[[Generalbezirk Litauen]]'' in ''[[Reichskommissariat Ostland]]'' in 1941–1944.{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
=====Soviet reoccupation=====
On July 7, 1944, it was reoccupied by the [[Red Army]] during the [[Vilnius offensive]]. In 1945, the town was annexed by the USSR to the [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian SSR]]. After 1944, the town was once more part of Vileyka Region, and between 1944 and 1960 it was incorporated into [[Molodechno Region]] until that region was disestablished. At that point Ashmyany became part of the [[Grodno Region]], where it remains today.
===Recent history===
Since 1991, it has been a part of [[Belarus]].
==Climate==
This [[climate|climatic]] region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Ashmyany has a [[humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591984&cityname=Ashmyany%2C+Grodno+Region%2C+Belarus&units= Climate Summary for Ashmyany]</ref>
{{Weather box
| width       = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location    = Ashmyany (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 4.4
| Feb record high C = 5.3
| Mar record high C = 12.4
| Apr record high C = 21.8
| May record high C = 26.3
| Jun record high C = 28.4
| Jul record high C = 30.2
| Aug record high C = 29.7
| Sep record high C = 24.9
| Oct record high C = 18.1
| Nov record high C = 10.8
| Dec record high C = 5.9
| year record high C = 30.2
| Jan high C = -2.0
| Feb high C = -0.9
| Mar high C = 4.1
| Apr high C = 12.3
| May high C = 18.2
| Jun high C = 21.5
| Jul high C = 23.5
| Aug high C = 22.8
| Sep high C = 17.1
| Oct high C = 10.0
| Nov high C = 3.7
| Dec high C = -0.4
| year high C = 10.8
| Jan mean C = -4.2
| Feb mean C = -3.6
| Mar mean C = 0.3
| Apr mean C = 7.1
| May mean C = 12.6
| Jun mean C = 16.0
| Jul mean C = 18.1
| Aug mean C = 17.2
| Sep mean C = 12.2
| Oct mean C = 6.5
| Nov mean C = 1.6
| Dec mean C = -2.4
| year mean C = 6.8
| Jan low C = -6.6
| Feb low C = -6.3
| Mar low C = -3.1
| Apr low C = 2.3
| May low C = 7.2
| Jun low C = 10.8
| Jul low C = 13.0
| Aug low C = 12.1
| Sep low C = 8.0
| Oct low C = 3.5
| Nov low C = -0.4
| Dec low C = -4.6
| year low C = 3.0
| Jan record low C = -20.3
| Feb record low C = -18.4
| Mar record low C = -12.0
| Apr record low C = -4.0
| May record low C = 0.0
| Jun record low C = 4.6
| Jul record low C = 8.0
| Aug record low C = 6.3
| Sep record low C = 0.7
| Oct record low C = -4.2
| Nov record low C = -9.3
| Dec record low C = -14.7
| year record low C = -20.3
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 42.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 37.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 38.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 40.3
| May precipitation mm = 66.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 68.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 86.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 80.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 54.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 54.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 43.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 44.9
| year precipitation mm = 658.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 11.5
| Feb precipitation days = 9.9
| Mar precipitation days = 9.4
| Apr precipitation days = 7.6
| May precipitation days = 9.4
| Jun precipitation days = 10.4
| Jul precipitation days = 10.2
| Aug precipitation days = 9.1
| Sep precipitation days = 8.8
| Oct precipitation days = 9.8
| Nov precipitation days = 10.2
| Dec precipitation days = 11.2
| year precipitation days = 117.5
| Jan sun = 37.0
| Feb sun = 60.6
| Mar sun = 139.1
| Apr sun = 201.2
| May sun = 267.7
| Jun sun = 280.9
| Jul sun = 281.6
| Aug sun = 257.2
| Sep sun = 169.4
| Oct sun = 98.6
| Nov sun = 33.0
| Dec sun = 26.2
| year sun = 1852.5
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Belarus/CSV/OSHMYANY_26736.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ashmyany
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 12, 2024}}</ref>
}}
==Demographics ==
[[File:Map of Ashmiany.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|Map of Ashmyany]]
* 1848 – 4,115 inhabitants{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
* 1859 – 3,066 inhabitants<ref>[http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_VII/751]</ref>
* 1871 – 4,546 inhabitants<ref>[http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_VII/751]</ref>
* 1880 – 5,050 inhabitants (2501 Jews, 2175 Roman Catholics, 352 Orthodoxs)<ref>[http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_VII/751]</ref>
* 1897 – 6,400<ref>[http://www.populstat.info/Europe/belarust.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021190847/http://www.populstat.info/Europe/belarust.htm |date=2007-10-21 }}</ref> or 7124{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}} inhabitants
* 1907/08 – 8,300 inhabitants
* 1914 – 8,200 inhabitants{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
* 1921 – 6,000 inhabitants
* 1939 – 8,500 inhabitants
* 1970 – 9,621 inhabitants{{Sfn|Gaučas|2002|p=113}}
* 1974 – 10,000 inhabitants (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)
* 1991 – 15,200 inhabitants<ref>[http://education.kulichki.net/dic/16e.html]</ref>
* 2004 – 14,900 inhabitants
* 2006 – 14,600 inhabitants<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313120052/http://www.oshmiany.grodno.by/]</ref>
* 2007 – 14,269 inhabitants<ref>[http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=fr&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=519968593] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205063200/http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=fr&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=519968593 |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref>
* 2023 – 16,870 inhabitants<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144107/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/|archive-date=17 April 2023|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref>
==Landmarks==
* [[Catholic church]] of [[St. Michael the Archangel]]
* Catholic church of [[Franciscan]], built in 1822
* [[Synagogue]], built in 1912
* [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox church]] of [[Resurrection]], built in 1875
* [[Watermill]]
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Борунский мост - panoramio (1).jpg|Borunsky Bridge
File:Ашмянская сінагога.jpg|Synagogue
File:Strugacz Manor 2020.jpg|Lejba Strugacz Manor
File:Былая бальніца Ашмяны.jpg|Court
</gallery>
==Miscellaneous==
*'''Alternate names''': Oshmianka (Polish), Oszmiana, Aschemynne, Oshmyany, Ašmena, Oshmana, Oshmene, Oshmina, Osmiany, Oszmiana, Ozmiana, Osmiana, Oßmiana, Possibly Oschmjansky (Middle Ages maps)
*'''Mentioned in''': ''Memoirs of [[Louis-François, Baron Lejeune|Baron Lejeune]], Volume II'', Chapter VII.
==Notable people==
* [[Jan Swołyński]] (died between 1644 and 1647), ''[[marszałek]]'' of Oszmiany
A number of persons were awarded the title of "honorary citizen of Ashmyany.<ref>[https://oshmiany.gov.by/by/pochetnye-grajdane-by/ Ганаровыя грамадзяне] ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117132127/https://oshmiany.gov.by/by/pochetnye-grajdane-by/|date=January 17 2021}})</ref>
===Birth place===
* [[Abba Kovner]] (1918–1987), Jewish partisan during World War II
*{{ill|Czesław Jankowski|pl}} (1857-1929),  Polish poet, critic, publicist, historian, local expert, social activist
*[[Jacob Saphir]] (1822-1886), writer, [[ethnographer]], researcher of Hebrew manuscripts, a [[travel]]er and [[Meshulach|emissary]] of the rabbis of [[Eastern European Jewry|Eastern European Jewish]] descent who settled in [[Jerusalem]] during his early life
<!-- [[:be:Вядомыя асобы Ашмян]]  has more -->
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite encyclopedia|year=2002|title=Ašmena|encyclopedia=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]]|publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas|location=Vilnius|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/asmena/|last=Gaučas|first=Petras|volume=T. II (Arktis-Beketas)}}
*{{Cite book|last=Zinkevičius|first=Zigmas|title=Senosios Lietuvos valstybės vardynas|publisher=[[Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute]]|year=2007|isbn=978-5-420-01606-0|location=Vilnius}}
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Ashmyany}}
{{Commons category|Ašmiany|Ashmyany}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917164543/http://txt.knihi.com/hierb/asmia.gif Current coat of arms of Ashmiany]
* [http://napoleonic-literature.com/Book_26/Chapter_07.htm Lejeune book]
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Oshmyany/osh003.html#Page4 The History of Oshmana by Hosea Soltz (Tel Aviv)]
* [http://www.radzima.org/eng/town/ashmyany.html Photos on Radzima.org]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041011001243/http://www.polishroots.org/slownik/oszmiana.htm PolishRoots Description]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060916105550/http://www.bfcollection.net/cities/oshmyany.html www.bfcollection.net]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070328163142/http://www.tourgrodno.by/en/catalog?gid=43 www.tourgrodno.by]
* [http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/oshmany/oshmany.html www.eilatgordinlevitan.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053644/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php?reg=105 Population of Ashmyany by mother tongue in 1897]
{{Grodno Region}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ashmyany| ]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Belarus]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1941]]
[[Category:Oshmyansky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 14th century]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Belarus]]
[[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]]