View source for Asterids

{{short description|Clade of eudicot angiosperms}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Cretaceous|recent}}<ref name=Atkinson2022>{{Cite journal |last=Atkinson |first=Brian A. |date=14 November 2022 |title=Icacinaceae fossil provides evidence for a Cretaceous origin of the lamiids |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-022-01275-y |journal=Nature Plants |language=en |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=1374–1377 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01275-y |pmid=36376504 |s2cid=253521093 |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>
| image = Potapsco fg13.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Impatiens capensis]]'' ([[Ericales]])
| image2 = Origanum vulgare - harilik pune.jpg
| image2_caption = [[Oregano]] from Lamiales
| display_parents = 4
| taxon = Asterids
| authority =
| subdivision_ranks = [[Clade]]s
| subdivision = * [[Cornales]]
* [[Ericales]]
* [[Euasterids]]
*: [[Lamiids]]
*:: [[Icacinales]]
*:: [[Metteniusales]]
*:: [[Garryales]]
*:: [[Gentianales]]
*:: [[Solanales]]
*:: [[Boraginales]]
*:: [[Vahliales]]
*:: [[Lamiales]]
*: [[Campanulids]]
*:: [[Aquifoliales]]
*:: [[Escalloniales]]
*:: [[Asterales]]
*:: [[Bruniales]]
*:: [[Apiales]]
*:: [[Paracryphiales]]
*:: [[Dipsacales]]
}}
In the [[APG IV system]] (2016) for the classification of [[flowering plant]]s, the name '''asterids''' denotes a [[clade]] (a [[monophyletic]] group). Asterids is the largest group of [[flowering plant]]s, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Bremer|first1= Kåre|last2= Friis|first2= elsemarie|last3= Bremer|first3= birgitta|date= 1 June 2004|title= Molecular Phylogenetic Dating of Asterid Flowering Plants Shows Early Cretaceous Diversification|journal=Systematic Biology |volume= 53|issue= 3|pages= 496–505|doi= 10.1080/10635150490445913|pmid= 15503676|s2cid= 41752744|doi-access= free}}</ref>{{r|apgiv}} Well-known plants in this clade include the [[Bellis perennis|common daisy]], [[Myosotis|forget-me-nots]], [[Solanaceae|nightshades]] (including [[potato]]es, [[eggplant]]s, [[tomato]]es, [[chili pepper]]s and [[Nicotiana tabacum|tobacco]]), the [[common sunflower]], [[petunia]]s, [[Yacón|yacon]], [[morning glory]], [[lettuce]], [[sweet potato]], [[Coffea|coffee]], [[Lavandula|lavender]], [[Syringa|lilac]], [[olive]], [[jasmine]], [[honeysuckle]], [[Fraxinus|ash tree]], [[teak]], [[Antirrhinum|snapdragon]], [[sesame]], [[psyllium]], [[Salvia officinalis|garden sage]], [[blueberry|blueberries]], table herbs such as [[Mentha|mint]], [[basil]], and [[rosemary]], and rainforest trees such as [[Brazil nut]].
Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to as [[Asteridae]] in the [[Cronquist system]] (1981) and as [[Sympetalae]] in earlier systems.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}  The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier [[botanical name]] but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of the ''[[ICBN]]''.
==History==
Genetic analysis carried out after [[APG II]] maintains that the sister to all other asterids are the [[Cornales]]. A second order that split from the base of the asterids are the [[Ericales]]. The remaining orders cluster into two clades, the lamiids and the campanulids. The structure of both of these clades has changed in [[APG III]].{{r|apgii}}{{r|apgiii}}
In the APG III system, the following clades were renamed:
: '''euasterids I → lamiids'''
: '''euasterids II → campanulids'''{{r|apgii}}{{r|apgiii}}
==Phylogeny==
The phylogenetic tree presented hereinafter has been proposed by the APG IV project.{{r|apgiv}}
{{Clade |style=font-size:100%;line-height:110%;
|label1=Asterids
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Cornales]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Ericales]]
|label2=[[Euasterids]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Campanulids]]
|1={{clade
|1=[[Aquifoliales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Asterales]]
|2=[[Escalloniales]]
|3={{clade
|1=[[Bruniales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Apiales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Dipsacales]]
|2=[[Paracryphiales]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Lamiids]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Icacinales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Metteniusales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Garryales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Boraginales]]
|2=[[Gentianales]]
|3=[[Vahliales]]
|4=[[Lamiales]]
|5=[[Solanales]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
===Subdivision===
====Lamiids====
The lamiid subclade consists of about 40,000 species and account for about 15% of angiosperm diversity, characterized in general by superior [[Ovary (botany)|ovaries]] and [[corolla (botany)|corollas]] with any fusion of the petals ({{not a typo|sympetaly}}) occurring late in the process of development. The major part of lamiid diversity occurs in the group of five orders from Boraginales to Solanales, referred to informally as "core lamiids" (sometimes called Laminae), although Vahliales consists of the single small genus ''[[Vahlia]]''. The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in which [[Garryales]] is the [[sister group]] to the core lamiids. It has been suggested that the core lamiids radiated from an ancestral line of tropical trees in which the flowers were inconspicuous and the fruit large, [[drupaceous]] and often single-seeded.{{sfn|Stull et al|2015}}
==See also==
* [[List of lamiid families]]
* [[List of basal asterid families]]
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="apgii">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2003 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=399–436 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x|doi-access= }}</ref>
<ref name="apgiii">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="apgiv">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |last2=Duno de Stefano |first2=Rodrigo |last3=Soltis |first3=Douglas E. |last4=Soltis |first4=Pamela S. |authorlink3=Douglas Soltis|authorlink4=Pamela Soltis|title=Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283306676|journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |date=November 2015 |volume=102 |issue=11 |pages=1794–1813 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1500298|ref={{harvid|Stull et al|2015}} |pmid=26507112|doi-access=free }}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Asterids}}
* [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/cornalesweb.htm#Asterids Asterids] in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]. Version 7, May 2006.
{{Angiosperm orders}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q747502}}
[[Category:Asterids| ]]
[[Category:Superasterids]]
[[Category:Plant unranked clades]]