View source for Astri Aasen

{{Short description|Norwegian painter (1875 – 1935)}}
{{good article}}
[[File:The Norwegian painter Astri Aasen (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Astri Aasen looking to the left of the camera|Astri Aasen in 1932]]
'''Astri Aasen''' (3 September 1875 – 10 October 1935) was a Norwegian painter. She spent most of her life in the city of [[Trondheim (city)|Trondheim]], and in the early 20th century, was taught to paint by [[Harriet Backer]] in [[Oslo]]. She created a series of portraits of those who attended [[Sámi Assembly of 1917|the first Sámi assembly in 1917]]. The portraits were acquired by the [[Sámi Parliament of Norway|Sámediggi]] ([[Sámi people|Sámi]] parliament) in the late 20th century, where they remain as of 2021. Following her death, a scholarship for young artists was created by her family.
== Early life ==
Aasen was born on 3 September 1875 to Anna Christine Næss and Nils Aasen.{{sfnm|1a1=Alfsen|1y=2014|2a1=Brissach|2y=2006|3a1=Pushaw|3y=2021|3p=160}} Her father was a [[Jewellery|jeweler]], and her mother died of [[tuberculosis]] when Aasen was two.{{sfn|Brissach|2006}} Following her mother's death, her father married Næss's sister, and they cared for the four siblings.{{sfn|Brissach|2006}} Two of her sisters died when she was about 17 years old.{{sfn|Brissach|2006}}
== Career ==
In Aasen's young adult life, she became a [[Conservation and restoration of paintings|retoucher]] in the city of [[Ålesund (town)|Ålesund]], and began learning to paint in [[Bergen (city)|Bergen]] when she was 25 years old (around the year 1900).{{sfn|Brissach|2006}} For a short time around 1903, and continuing between 1907 and 1909, she was trained by the painter [[Harriet Backer]] in [[Oslo]] (then [[History of Oslo's name|Kristiania]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Brissach|1y=2006|2a1=Pushaw|2y=2021|2p=165}} According to the writer Glenny Alfsen, her artistic work consisted of an "uncomplicated [[Realism (arts)|naturalism]]": she created portraits without extraneous interpretation.<ref>{{harvnb|Alfsen|2014}}: "{{lang|nb|ukomplisert naturalisme}}".</ref> Following the death of her parents, she spent most of her life in the Norwegian city of [[Trondheim (city)|Trondheim]], where she had at least one exhibition and lived with her sister.{{sfnm|1a1=Brissach|1y=2006|2a1=Pushaw|2y=2021|2p=165}} She exhibited in many cities over her life — including Paris, [[Capri]], [[Florence]], and [[Naples]] — but regularly came back to Trondheim.{{sfn|Brissach|2006}} Between 1900 and 1912, she was also taught by the artists {{Ill|Asor Hansen|nb}}, [[Viggo Johansen]], [[Christian Krohg]], [[Halfdan Strøm]], and [[Léon Bonnat]].{{sfn|Alfsen|2014}}
[[File:Marie Finskog by Astri Aasen.jpg|thumb|alt=Pastel portrait of Marie Finskog in green, sitting on a chair|Aasen's portrait of Marie Finskog in 1917]]
Between 6 February and 10 February 1917, [[Sámi Assembly of 1917|the first Sámi assembly took place]], a transnational conference for the [[Sámi people|Sámi]] of Norway, Sweden, Russia, and Denmark.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|pp=159–160}} The event was pivotal in Sámi political consciousness as one of the first advocating for a unified Sámi state.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=160}} Aasen visited the assembly to create a series of pastel portraits of the attendees, some of which were named after specific people (such as one for Daniel Mortensen), and some of which were nondescript (such as ''Old Sámi Woman'').{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=165}} The portraits mostly depict the chests and heads of congress participants, and all of them were drawn quickly.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=165}}
One of these portraits was that of [[Marie Finskog]], who lived from 1851 to 1927.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|pp=165–166}} Finskog was a [[South Sámi]] political rights activist who spoke of the Sámi's economic situation as not being due to any inherent poverty of the group, but as the result of an "oppressed situation".{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|pp=165–166}} In Aasen's portrait, Finskog wears a green ''[[gákti]]'', a kind of dress.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=166}} Historically, the wearing of a ''gákti'' was hindered by pastor [[Lars Levi Laestadius]]'s fundamentalist branch of Christianity ([[Laestadianism]]), though they increased in popularity in the 1840s.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=166}} Bart Pushaw, a historian of the [[Circumpolar peoples|circumpolar region]], said that Aasen was aware of acts of violence connected to Laestadianism — such as the [[Kautokeino rebellion]] of 1852 in [[Kautokeino (village)|the hamlet of the same name]] — when she painted Finskog.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|pp=166–167}} Since pieces of the underlying yellow canvas show through the painting (such as in Finskog's ''gákti'') the painting was likely completed shortly after Aasen began.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} This quick and unpolished technique allowed her to paint many participants of the conference, and according to Pushaw, gave her portrait of Finskog a "more imaginative and even modern rendering" by rejecting "precise verisimilitude".{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} She also gifted some of her portraits to their subjects; while she created three paintings of the activist Thorkel Jonassen, she gave him one.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}}
Many of Aasen's portraits were of activists for civil rights of the Sámi.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} Jonassen, for instance, was an activist who believed that the Sámi had no moral obligation to pay taxes to their colonial governments.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} After the conference, Valdemar Lindholm for the magazine ''[[Idun (magazine)|Idun]]'' wrote that the paintings were of "interesting types" — a view seen by Pushaw as [[exoticism|exoticising]] the Sámi and contributing to ignorance of their culture.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} Pushaw says that figures like Finskog were not "passive participant[s]" in the congress or their portraits, but active social reformists across the Nordic region.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}}
== Death and legacy ==
[[File:Thorkel Jonassen 2 by Astri Aasen.jpg|thumb|alt=Full body portrait of Jonassen in fur clothing|Aasen's portrait of Thorkel Jonassen in 1917]]
On 10 October 1935, about a month after her 60th birthday, Aasen died of a stroke.{{sfnm|1a1=Brissach|1y=2006|2a1=Pushaw|2y=2021|2p=160}} Eight years later, the art association of Trondheim created a memorial exhibit of her work, and her family established an annual scholarship for young painters in her name: {{lang|nb|Astri Aasens gave}} (Astri Aasen's gift).{{sfn|Alfsen|2014}}
Many of her paintings of the Sámi congress were recovered in 1995; they were obtained by the [[Sámi Parliament of Norway|Sámediggi]] (Sámi parliament) in [[Karasjok (village)|Kárášjohka]] two years later.{{sfnm|1a1=Pushaw|1y=2021|1p=165|2a1=Sámediggi}} Her gifted portrait of Jonassen was also acquired by the Sámediggi; one of her portraits of him became a postcard, another was acquired by one of Norway's museums in [[Lierne Municipality]], and another was posted in a school for Sámi youth in [[Snåsa Municipality]].{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}} Following the congress, Nordic states began a system of [[Norwegianization|extensive violence and assimilation]] that stalled much of their progress; Aasen's work in Snåsa, according to Pushaw, "retained visibility" of Sámi political struggle for its students, and showed that progress was possible.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=167}}
The sketchbooks of her youth, with one drawing from when she was 14, are held by the Trondheim Art Association as of 2018.{{sfn|Borgersen|2018}} According to art curator Rebeka Helena Blikstad, they show that, like many women artists of the period, she was interested in portraiture and interior painting, but also geometric shapes of a "[[Abstract art|purely abstract form]]".<ref>{{harvnb|Borgersen|2018}}: "{{lang|nb|rent abstrakt form}}".</ref> As of 2021, her paintings of the congress remain in the Sámediggi's collections.{{sfn|Pushaw|2021|p=165}}
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Alfsen |first1=Glenny |title=Astri Aasen |url=https://nkl.snl.no/Astri_Aasen |encyclopedia={{Ill|Norsk Kunstnerleksikon|nb}} |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=nb |date=21 December 2014}}
* {{cite web |last1=Borgersen |first1=Gustav Svihus |title=Kunstforeningens historie foldes ut |url=https://artscene.no/2018/05/25/kunstforeningens-historie-foldes-ut/ |website=ArtScene Trondheim |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=nb |date=25 May 2018 |trans-title=The history of the art association unfolds}}
* {{cite news |last1=Brissach |first1=Ingrid J. |title=Alene blant trønderkunstnerne |url=https://www.adressa.no/nyheter/trondheim/byens_gater/article679185.ece |access-date=15 December 2021 |work=[[Adresseavisen]] |date=21 June 2006 |language=nb |trans-title=Alone among the Trøndelag artists}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pushaw |first1=Bart |editor1-last=Greaves |editor1-first=Kerry |title=Modern women artists in the Nordic countries, 1900–1960 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780367423384 |chapter=Elsa Laula, Astri Aasen, and the ascent of Sámi visual sovereignty, 1904–1917}}
<!-- Without authors -->
* {{cite web |title=Kunsten på Sametinget |url=https://www.sametinget.no/Om-Sametinget/Sametingsbygningen/Kunsten- |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820105354/https://www.sametinget.no/Om-Sametinget/Sametingsbygningen/Kunsten-paa-Sametinget |trans-title=The art in the Sámi parliament |language=nb |ref={{harvid|Sámediggi}} |work=Sámediggi}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aasen, Astri}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Norwegian painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Trondheim]]
[[Category:Realist artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian women painters]]
[[Category:19th-century Norwegian women painters]]