View source for Ayano-Maysky District

{{Distinguish|Maysky District|Ust-Maysky District}}
{{Infobox Russian district
|en_name=Ayano-Maysky District
|ru_name=Аяно-Майский район
|image_map={{Russia district OSM map}}
|map_caption=Location of Ayano-Maysky District in Khabarovsk Krai
|image_view=Konder.jpg
|image_caption=[[Kondyor Massif]] an 8km wide circular [[intrusion]], Ayano-Maysky District
|coordinates = {{coord|57|30|N|136|00|E|type:adm2nd_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|lats
|longs
|image_flag=
|flag_caption
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Ayano maysky raion (Khabarovsk krai).png
|coa_caption
|anthem
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|federal_subject=[[Khabarovsk Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="KhabarovskK_admlist" />
|adm_data_as_of=September 2012
|adm_ctr_type=''[[village#Russia|selo]]''
|adm_ctr_name=[[Ayan, Russia|Ayan]]
|adm_ctr_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|no_of_rural_localities=11
|counts_ref=<ref name="KhabarovskK_admlist" />
|mun_data_as_of=October 2010
|mun_formation1=Ayano-Maysky Municipal District
|mun_formation1_ref=<ref name="KhabarovskK_md" />
|mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements=0
|mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements=4
|mun_formation1_counts_ref=<ref name="KhabarovskK_mun1">Law #191</ref><ref name="KhabarovskK_mun2">Law #208</ref>
|mun_formation1_leader_title
|mun_formation1_leader_title_ref
|mun_formation1_leader_name
|mun_formation1_leader_name_ref
|mun_formation1_representative_body
|mun_formation1_representative_body_ref
|area_of_what
|area_as_of
|area_km2=167200
|area_km2_ref=<ref name='sa'>{{cite web|title=Descriptive Statistics - Ayano-Maysky District|url=http://www.ayanrayon.ru/|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service, Russian Federation|language=ru|access-date=July 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605032720/http://ayanrayon.ru/|archive-date=June 5, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=2292
|urban_pop_2010census=0%
|rural_pop_2010census=100%
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|established_date
|established_date_ref
|website=http://www.ayanrayon.ru/
|website_ref
|commonscat=
|date=March 2013
}}
'''Ayano-Maysky District''' ({{langx|ru|Ая́но-Ма́йский райо́н}}) is an administrative<ref name="KhabarovskK_admlist">Resolution #143-pr</ref> and municipal<ref name="KhabarovskK_md">Law #194</ref> district ([[raion]]), one of the [[administrative divisions of Khabarovsk Krai|seventeen]] in [[Khabarovsk Krai]], [[Russia]]. It is located in the north of the [[krai]].<!-- and borders with [[ District]] in the north, [[ District]] in the east, [[ District]] in the south, and with [[ District]] in the west.--> The area of the district is {{convert|167200|km2|sp=us}}.<ref name='sa'/> Its [[administrative center]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') of [[Ayan, Russia|Ayan]].<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATOReference|08 206}}</ref> Population: {{ru-census|p2010=2,292|p2002=3,271|p1989=4,802}} The population of Ayan accounts for 42.2% of the district's total population.<ref name="2010Census" />
==Geography==
The district has two climatic zones: a sharply continental and a maritime continental.  The villages of [[Aim (rural locality)|Aim]], [[Dzhigda]], and [[Nelkan, Khabarovsk Krai|Nelkan]] are located in the former, and Ayan belongs to the latter. Areas along the coast receive much precipitation and have a frequent share of cloudy days, storm winds, and blizzards. Average winter temperatures range from {{convert|-16|C}} to {{convert|-20|C}}; average summer temperatures—from {{convert|+18|C}} to {{convert|+20|C}}.
The impact of the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] on the coastal region is constant and as it moves west inland toward the [[Dzhugdzhur|Dzhugdzhur mountain range]] and becomes weaker the impact creates a climatic subzone, transforming the maritime climate into a sharply continental one. The ridge of the Dzhugdzhur Mountains demarcates the border between two climates. The [[Maya (river)|Maya]], [[Maymakan]], [[Ulya]] and [[Mati (river)|Mati]] are among the rivers flowing in the district.<ref name="STM">{{cite web|url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/o-53.jpg|title=O-53 Topographic Chart (in Russian)|access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref>
A unique [[orography|orographic]] feature of the region is the circular, crater-like [[Kondyor Massif]].<ref>[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8773 Kondyor Massif, Russian Far East] - NASA photos</ref>  Minerals mining in the district includes one of the largest [[Zirconium]] reserves in Russia, at the [[Algama mine]].
In the sharply continental zone, which gets very little precipitation and is humidity free, average winter and summer temperatures vary from {{convert|-40|to|-45|C|F}} and from {{convert|+26|to|+30|C|F}} respectively.
==Demographics==
Ethnic composition (2021):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://27.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020(1).rar|title=Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения |website=Habstat|access-date=August 14, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Evenks]] – 51.9%
* [[Russians]] – 38.8%
* [[Nivkh people|Nivkh]] – 1.4%
* [[Altai people|Altai]] – 1.3%
* [[Ukrainians]] – 1.2%
* Others – 5.4%
==History==
[[File:Ayan.jpg|thumb|The port of Ayan in the early 20th century]]
In the 17th century, shortly after the establishment of [[Yakutsk]], the exploration of what is now Ayano-Maysky District pursued two goals.  Yakutsk officials through eastward expansion sought to come up with new sources of tribute for the Tsar's treasury while at the same time trying to find a shorter, more convenient passage to the [[Sea of Okhotsk]], in order to continue to care for the needs of rich Russian colonies in the Far East and North America.
In 1639, a group of Russian explorers under the leadership of [[Ivan Moskvitin]] reached the Sea of Okhotsk for the first time through the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District.
In the first half of the 19th century, the [[Russian-American Company]] became the first trading company in the region, with its merchant office located in the port of [[Okhotsk]]. In 1842, the Company decided to find a better, more advantageous spot for a seaport.  Consequently, in 1845 the Russian-American Company's merchant office was moved to Ayan.
Ayan's prosperity, however, was not to last. After the [[Alaska Purchase]], life was virtually brought to a standstill. By 1867, the Russian-American Company was no longer in business.  Many local businessmen and professionals joined the exodus of merchants who had discontinued their operations in the area. A recently (1850s) built and much more conveniently located [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]] became Russia's new main port in the Sea of Okhotsk region.
In the [[Russian Civil War]], the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District was the scene of the anti-Soviet [[Yakut Revolt]]. It was the last enclave of the White Forces, where General [[Anatoly Pepelyayev]] did not capitulate until June&nbsp;17, 1923.
By decree of the Soviet government, Ayano-Maysky District was officially formed on December&nbsp;10, 1930 by combining the areas of Ayan and Nelkan. Ayan was assigned the role of being the administrative center. In the 1930s, the Soviet government began forming [[sovkhoz|state]] and [[kolkhoz|collective farms]], opened local schools and hospitals, amateur musical clubs, and otherwise encouraged the [[Evenks]] to switch from their nomadic lifestyle to a settled way of life.
In 1936, the first local farmers' market was opened with hopes of bringing locals together. State farm workers and private small farm owners sold their meat, wild game, fish, berries, mushrooms, etc.
People who made the decision to make this region their temporary home received added governmental bonuses to their pay and an earlier retirement age: for men when they reached 55 and women at 50.
With the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], however, some state farms and enterprises were disbanded and government subsidies discontinued, forcing many residents to move out of the settlements to bigger cities or other regions of Russia.
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kha|adm|list}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kha|mun|mdlist}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kha|mun|list1}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kha|mun|list2}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522014605/http://ayanrayon.ru/ Official website of Ayano-Maysky District] {{in lang|ru}}
*Official website of Khabarovsk Krai. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023052146/http://www.khabkrai.ru/about/ayno-maiskiy.html Information about Ayano-Maysky District] {{in lang|ru}}
{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Ayano-Maysky District
|North     = [[Okhotsky District]]
|Northeast = [[Tenkinsky District]] / [[Olsky District]], [[Magadan Oblast]]
|East      = ''[[Sea of Okhotsk]]''
|Southeast =
|South     = [[Tuguro-Chumikansky District]]
|Southwest = [[Zeysky District]], [[Amur Oblast]]
|West      = [[Aldansky District]] / [[Neryungrinsky District]], [[Sakha Republic]]
|Northwest = [[Ust-Maysky District]], [[Sakha Republic]]
}}
{{Khabarovsk Krai}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2013}}
[[Category:Districts of Khabarovsk Krai]]