View source for Azmut

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = ’Azmut
| translit_lang1          = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type     = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info     = {{lang|ar|عزموط}}
| type                    = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type C]]
| image_skyline           = PikiWiki Israel 47522 Sheikh Bilal grave on mount Kabir.JPG
| image_caption           = [[Maqam (shrine)|Maqam]] of [[Sheikh]] Bilal, confiscated by Israel for the  Israel settlement  of [[Elon Moreh]]
| pushpin_map             = Palestine#West Bank
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of ’Azmut within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]##Location of ’Azmut within the [[West Bank]]
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| coordinates             = {{coord|32|13|23|N|35|18|35|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 179/181
| subdivision_type        = State
| subdivision_name        = [[State of Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Nablus Governorate|Nablus]]
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        =
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality]]
| leader_title            =
| leader_name             =
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          =
| area_total_dunam        =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total        = 3440
| population_as_of        = 2017
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1         = Azmut, from personal name<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/199/mode/1up 199]</ref>
| website                 =
| footnotes               =
}}
'''’Azmut''' ({{langx|ar|عزموط}}) is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village in the [[Nablus Governorate]] in the eastern [[West Bank]], located five kilometers northeast of [[Nablus]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS), the village had a population of 3,440 inhabitants in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" />
==Location==
‘Azmut is  located {{convert|4.6|km|sp=us}} east of [[Nablus]]. It is bordered by [[Deir al Hatab]] and [[Al Aqrabaniya]] to the east, [[Al Bahdan]] to the north, [[‘Asira ash Shamaliya]] and [[Nablus]] to the west, and [[Deir al Hatab]] to the south.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150701224833/http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Azmut_vp_en.pdf   Azmut village profile], ARIJ, p. 4</ref>
==History==
One pottery [[sherd]] has been found from each of the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] and early [[Roman Empire|Roman]] eras. Much more pottery has been found from the late Roman<ref name=Bull24>Bull and Campbell, 1968, p. 24</ref>
and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] eras.<ref name=Bull24/><ref>Dauphin, 1992, p. 772</ref>
===Ottoman era===
Incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, in 1596 the village appeared in Ottoman [[Defter|tax registers]] as being in the ''[[nahiya]]'' of Jabal Qubal in the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa]]'' of [[Sanjak of Nablus|Nablus]]. It had a population of 18 households and 2 bachelors, all [[Muslim]]. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil or syrup - a total of 4,000 [[akçe]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 135</ref>
In 1838, [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] noted Azmut as a village in the same area as [[Salim, Nablus|Salim]] and [[Deir al-Hatab]].<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n112/mode/1up  95], [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n119/mode/1up 102]</ref> All were Muslim villages, part of the ''El-Beitawy'' district, east of Nablus.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/128/mode/1up 128]</ref>
In 1870, [[Victor Guérin]] visited, after visiting [[Deir al-Hatab]]. About Azmut, he noted that it was: "a small village a little less in ruin the previous one. It must have succeeded also to an ancient locality, as is proved by a number of [[cistern]]s cut out from the rock, most of them without water, but one of which, among others, still serves the needs of the inhabitants. Two [[Wali|oualy]]s are devoted to two different [[sheikh]]s."<ref>Guérin,1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/458/mode/1up 458]</ref>
In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]''  described Azmut as a "small village, standing on the slope of the hill, with cliffs on the west."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/229/mode/1up 229]</ref>
===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Azmut had a population of 283  Muslims,<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923,  Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n26/mode/1up  24]</ref>  increasing at the time of the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 307,  still all Muslim, in 70 houses.<ref name=Census1931>Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas  59]</ref>
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]], Azmut had a population of 410, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p18>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p18.jpg 18]</ref> with 10,748 [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Nablus/Page-059.jpg 59]</ref> Of this, 343 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,259 were used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Nablus/Page-105.jpg 105]</ref> while 23 dunams were built-up land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Nablus/Page-155.jpg 155]</ref>
===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Azmut came  under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]].
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 615 inhabitants.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p26.pdf 26]</ref>
===1967, aftermath===
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Azmut has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]] along with the rest of the Palestinian territories.
After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 59% of village land is defined as [[Palestinian enclaves|Area B]], the remaining 41% is defined as [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]]. The Israelis have confiscated hundreds of dunams of land from Azmut, primarily to construct military bases, in addition to 639 dunums of Azmuts land which went to construct the [[Israeli settlement]] of [[Elon Moreh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150701224833/http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Azmut_vp_en.pdf   Azmut village profile], ARIJ, p. 15</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|25em}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B.  | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922  | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite journal | author1 = Bull, Robert J. |author2=Edward F. Campbell| title =The Sixth Campaign at Balâṭah (Shechem) | journal = Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research | volume = 190 | pages = 2–41 | jstor =1356191| year = 1968 |issue=190|doi=10.2307/1356191|s2cid=222441522}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book |last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth  |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth  |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E.  | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book|last=Saulcy|first=L.F. de |author-link=Louis Félicien de Saulcy|title=Narrative of a journey round the Dead Sea, and in the Bible lands, in 1850 and 1851 |url=https://archive.org/details/narrativeajourn00warrgoog   |volume=1, new edition|year=1854|publisher= R. Bentley |location=London}} (Saulcy, 1854, vol 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn00warrgoog#page/n121/mode/1up 99])
{{refend}}
==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/_Azmut_575/index.html  Welcome to Azmut]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 12: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8374  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.12.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150701224833/http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Azmut_vp_en.pdf   Azmut village profile],  [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]] (ARIJ)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140506131014/http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/images/english/'Azmut_ap_en.jpg  Azmut, aerial photo], ARIJ
{{Nablus Governorate}}
[[Category:Nablus Governorate]]
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]