View source for Azuma Moriya

{{Infobox person
| name               = Azuma Moriya
| image              = AzumaMoriya1923.jpg
| alt                = Two Japanese women in an oval portrait frame. The standing woman is younger, wearing a Western-style dress and glasses; her hands are on the shoulders of an older woman, wearing a Japanese-style dress.
| caption            = Azuma Moriya, standing, with [[Yajima Kajiko]], from a 1923 publication.
| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1884|07|07}}
| birth_place        = [[Shitaya]], [[Taitō]], [[Tokyo]], Japan
| death_date         =  {{Death date and age|1975|12|18|1884|07|07}}
| death_place        =
| nationality        = Japanese
| other_names        = Moriya Azuma
| occupation         = temperance worker
| years_active       =
| known_for          =
| notable_works      =
}}
{{family name hatnote|Azuma|lang=Japanese}}
{{nihongo|'''Azuma Moriya'''|守屋東|Morira Azuma|extra=1884 – 1975}} was a Japanese temperance activist. She was head of the [[Loyal Temperance Legion]] program in Japan, the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] (WCTU) outreach to children.
== Early life ==
Azuma Moriya was born in 1884.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lldDwAAQBAJ&dq=Azuma+Moriya+women&pg=PA69|title=The Japanese in Colonial Southeast Asia|last=Shimizu|first=Hajime|date=2018-05-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1893-9|editor-last=Shiraishi|editor-first=Takashi|pages=68–69|chapter=The Pattern of Japanese Economic Penetration of Prewar Singapore and Malaya|editor-last2=Shiraishi|editor-first2=Saya S.}}</ref>
== Career ==
[[File:Mrs. Kajiko Yajima LCCN2014713634.jpg|alt=A news photograph showing a group of Japanese women at the White House in 1921.|thumb|A news photograph of Yajima Kajiko (lower left) and Azuma Moriya, standing next to her, in Washington, D.C., in 1921, from the Library of Congress.]]
=== Temperance ===
Moriya was secretary and traveling assistant to temperance activist [[Yajima Kajiko]], first president of the WCTU in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womanleaveninjap00defo|page=[https://archive.org/details/womanleaveninjap00defo/page/n231 182]|quote=Azuma Moriya.|title=The Woman and the Leaven in Japan|last=DeForest|first=Charlotte Burgis|date=1923|publisher=Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/madamekajiyajima00gord|title=Madame Kaji Yajima, peace pilgrimage to America : a message from the women of Japan to the women of the world|last=Gordon|first=Anna A. (Anna Adams)|publisher=Evanston, Illinois : National W.C.T.U. Pub. House|others=Columbia University Libraries|pages=[https://archive.org/details/madamekajiyajima00gord/page/9 9]}}</ref> In 1908, Moriya was appointed Japanese national chair of the [[Loyal Temperance Legion]] (''Shonen Kinshu Gun'') program, the WCTU's outreach to children.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/educationwomenja00burtuoft|quote=Azuma Moriya women.|title=The Education of Women in Japan|last=Burton|first=Margaret Ernestine|date=1914|publisher=Fleming H. Revell|pages=[https://archive.org/details/educationwomenja00burtuoft/page/196 196]}}</ref> She organized at least 65 chapters of the organization in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO2-AAAAIAAJ&dq=Azuma+Moriya&pg=RA2-PA109|title=Report of the ... Biennial Convention and Minutes of the Executive Committee Meetings of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union|last=Davis|first=Ruth Frances|date=1906|publisher=White Ribbon Company|pages=109|language=en|chapter=Greetings from Japan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ervin|first=Mary B.|date=October 24, 1918|title=A Chance to Help|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkQ2AQAAMAAJ&dq=Azuma+Moriya&pg=PA957|journal=[[The Union Signal]]|volume=45|pages=11}}</ref> "Everywhere she goes," commented a 1918 report, "legions spring up to bless Japan – not only today but in years to come."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39351709/azuma_moriya_1918/|title=L. T. L. Secretary's Letter|date=April 1, 1918|work=Our Messenger|access-date=November 20, 2019|page=6|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She organized a temperance conference for students in 1921, and in 1924 began a campaign to provide temperance resources such as posters and pamphlets to primary schools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39351927/azuma_moriya_tsuneko_gauntlett/|title=Progress of Prohibition and Reform in Japan Told WCTU|last=Gauntlett|first=Tsuneko|date=August 20, 1928|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|access-date=November 20, 2019|page=6|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/politics-clipping-mar-20-1925-1442415/|title=Japan Women War on Booze|date=March 20, 1925|work=Westerville American Issue|access-date=November 20, 2019|page=6|via=NewspaperArchive.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205927|title=Japanese Women Speak|last=Kawai|first=Michi|date=1934|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205927/page/n59 32]–33, 108}}</ref> In 1927 she attended the World Convention of the WCTU in Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.114117|title=The Indian Temperance News And White Ribbon|last=Edwards|first=J. F.|date=March 1927|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.114117/page/n48 18]}}</ref> In 1939 she served on the board of the WCTU in Japan, working with chair [[Utako Hayashi|Utako Hiyashi]] and vice-chair [[Tsuneko Gauntlett]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/japanchristian37unknuoft|title=The Japan Christian Year Book|last=Iglehart|first=Charles Wheeler|date=1939|publisher=Tokyo : [[Christian Literature Society of Japan]]|others=Emmanuel - University of Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/japanchristian37unknuoft/page/300 300]–301}}</ref>
=== Other causes ===
Moriya traveled to Washington, D.C., with Yajima and Chiyo Kozaki in 1921,<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://archive.org/details/unionsignaljourn47woma|title=The Union signal : a journal of social welfare|last=Woman's Christian Temperance Union.|date=October 13, 1921|publisher=National Woman's Christian Temperance Union|others=College Park University of Maryland|pages=3|chapter=Three Distinguished W. C. T. U. Representatives from Japan on Peace Mission to United States}}</ref> to meet with president Warren G. Harding and deliver a petition on disarmament signed by over 10,000 Japanese women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39351448/azuma_moriya_1921/|title=Woman of 90 Here with her Japanese Sisters' Message to Arms Parley|date=December 23, 1921|work=The Springfield News-Leader|access-date=November 20, 2019|page=5|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 1922, Moriya became director of the Jiaikan, a Christian rescue home for women escaping prostitution.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://archive.org/details/japanchristian21unknuoft|title=The Japan Christian year-book|last=Holtom|first=D. C.|date=1923|publisher=Tokyo : Christian Literature Society of Japan|others=Emmanuel - University of Toronto|pages=371|chapter=Rescue Work}}</ref> She also ran a summer camp and a home for delinquent children.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bolliger|first=Aurelia|date=June 1929|title=Miss Moriya|url=https://archive.org/details/outlookofmission216refo|journal=The Outlook of Missions|volume=21|pages=[https://archive.org/details/outlookofmission216refo/page/260 260]–261}}</ref> In 1927, she traveled to Singapore to rescue women from sex work, saying "The more we cry for the abolition of licensed prostitution and the traffic of prostitutes abroad, the more we need a place to help and rehabilitate such women."<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ogawa|first=Manako|date=2004|title=Rescue Work for Japanese Women: The Birth and Development of the Jiaikan Rescue Home and the Missionaries of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Japan, 1886-1921|journal=U.S.-Japan Women's Journal|issue=26|pages=98–133; quote on page 120|issn=2330-5037|jstor=42771913}}</ref> She also visited Shanghai during that project.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=d&d=tnj19280115-01.1.12|title=Incredibly Shocking Facts|last=Soga|first=Yasutaro|date=January 15, 1928|work=Nippu Jiji|access-date=November 20, 2019|page=2|via=Hoji Shinbun Digital Collection, Hoover Institution Library & Archives}}</ref>
In 1952, she was head of ''Chiisai Hoshi Kai'', a Japanese women's organization for the welfare of prisoners and parolees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-oct-21-1952-1442937/|title=Christian Women's Affiliation|date=October 21, 1952|work=Pacific Stars and Stripes|access-date=November 21, 2019|page=7|via=NewspaperArchive.com}}</ref> In 1955, Azuma Moriya was described as the leader of the Women's Public Welfare Movement when she attended a royal reception for [[Helen Keller]] in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-02-B042-F13-027.1.1|title=List of guests at a reception for Helen Keller at the Imperial Hotel in Japan. May 28, 1955|website=American Foundation for the Blind|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Azuma Moriya took temporary custody of two girls from [[Pohnpei]], arranging for their schooling in Japan before they returned to the island as teachers.<ref name=":1" /> She died in 1975, aged 91 years.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moriya, Azuma}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Japanese temperance activists]]
[[Category:People from Taitō]]