View source for Bōnenkai

{{Short description|Japanese drinking party}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name              = Bōnenkai
|native_name       = 忘年会
|native_name_lang  = ja
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|status            = <!-- e.g. defunct, active, inactive ... -->
|genre             = Party
|date              = December
|begins            = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|mm|dd}} -->
|ends              = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|mm|dd}} -->
|frequency         = Annually
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|years_active      = <!-- {{age|YYYY|mm|dd}} Date of the first occurrence -->
|first             = 15th century
|founder_name      = <!-- or | founders = -->
|last              = <!-- Date of most recent event; if the event will not be held again, use {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
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|sponsor           = <!-- | or sponsors = -->
|website           = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
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}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
A {{Nihongo|3='''bōnenkai'''|2=忘年会|4=literally "forget the year gathering"}} is a Japanese [[drinking party]] that takes place at the end of the year and is generally held among groups of co-workers or friends.<ref name="gave">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gnavi.co.jp/en/m_theme/index_051221.htm|title = GURUNAVI is Japan's leading gourmet & restaurant guide. Quickly search for restaurants by a variety of criteria, such as cuisine, location, nearest station, and budget. You can also find events offering an authentic Japanese gourmet experience and discount coupons. Enhance your trip to Japan with amazing meals!}}</ref><ref name="uptimes">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.japantimes.co.jp/yen-for-living/bonenkai-season-a-blast-for-some-drag-for-others/|title=YEN FOR LIVING - News}}</ref> The purpose of the party, as its name implies, is to forget the woes and troubles of the past year, and hopefully look to the new year, usually by consumption of large amounts of [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]]. A ''bōnenkai'' does not take place on any specific day, but they are usually held within December.<ref name="gave"/>
''Bōnenkai'' are observed by parties of friends or co-workers or sponsored by a company or business office for their employees. ''Bōnenkai'' are not part of the New Year ''[[shogatsu]]'' celebration which lasts until 3 January; they are instead a way of ending the year through a group celebration.<ref name="japan-guide">{{Cite web|url=http://www.japan-guide.com/topic/0101.html|title=Bonenkai and Shinnenkai}}</ref> The tradition started in the 15th century during the [[Muromachi period]] as gatherings to express thanks. At that time, the parties were known as ''nōkai'' ({{lang|ja|納会}}, "great achievement gathering"). By the 18th century, they had become known as ''bōnenkai'', or year-end parties.<ref name="CRD">{{Cite web|url=http://crd.ndl.go.jp/GENERAL/servlet/detail.reference?id=1000013599|title = 忘年会の語源について、日本で最初にこの言葉が使われたのは、夏目漱石の『吾輩は猫である』とインターネッ}}</ref>
''Bōnenkai'' are seen as times for ''bureikō'' ({{lang|ja|無礼講}}) or letting one's hair down and not worrying about the boss/employee formal relationship or the rank and age divisions.<ref name=CG1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cg1.org/knowledge/houjin/100104.html |title=新年会や忘年会の飲食代を会社の経費に？ &#124; 大阪税理士 |access-date=2011-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527175346/http://www.cg1.org/knowledge/houjin/100104.html |archive-date=2016-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
When a business decides to have a ''bōnenkai'', they take into account several things before planning a party. Some of their concerns are to ensure that enough of the employees and management will attend. They also try to set a generalized cost of no more than 5,000 yen per person; this is used to cover the cost of the party and to not discourage employees from attending a party that is too expensive.<ref name=CG1/> Some companies pay the entire cost of the party and will at times opt to not have the party at a traditional ''[[izakaya]]'' (restaurant and drinking places where the majority of ''bōnenkai'' are held) and instead have it on the business premises and save a lot of money in the process.<ref name=CG1/>
==History==
Since the late 16th century, banquets and parties have been held with similar intentions as the modern-day ''bōnenkai''. On the 30th of December, groups of samurai lords would gather to observe what they called "The Forgetting of the Year". It consisted of typical upper-class activities like writing and reciting poetry, and was followed by a large feast. <ref name="Japanology">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3365420/|title = 'Begin Japanology' Parties and Gatherings (TV Episode 2013)| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> These types of parties did not become commonplace in the regular populace of Japan until the abolishment of the feudal ruling system in the late 19th century. Around the same time period, a story written by Japanese author [[Tsubouchi Shōyō]] entitled 忘年会 was published in a newspaper. It depicted one of these parties, which featured boisterous discussion, prolific drinking, and entertaining [[Geisha]]s. <ref name="Japanology"></ref><ref name="From “Bannenkai” to “Matsuuchi no Uta”-Tsubuchi Utsuharu and newspaper novel (literary from Edo to Meiji)">青木, 稔弥. "「忘年会」から「松のうち」へ--坪内逍遥と新聞小説 (江戸から明治への文学 )." (1985).</ref> In [[post-occupation Japan]], the "lifetime employment systems" established by some companies incorporated many company-organized events, one usually being an end-of-the-year ''Bōnenkai'' in December.<ref name="Japanology"></ref>
==See also==
* ''[[Shinnenkai]]'', New Year gathering in January
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonenkai}}
[[Category: Festivals in Japan]]
[[Category:Parties]]
[[Category:Drinking culture]]