View source for Bade Ghulam Ali Khan

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix = <big>[[Padma Bhushan]]</big>
| name             = Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
| image            = Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.jpg
| alias            = ''Sabrang''
| birth_place      = [[Kasur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)}}
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=y|1902|04|02}}
| death_place      = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=y|1968|04|23|1902|04|02}}
| genre            = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation       = singer
| years_active     = 1923–1967
| label            = [[HMV]], [[Times Music]]
}}
[[Ustad]] '''Bade Ghulam Ali Khan''' (2 April 1902 – 23 April 1968) was an Indian vocalist, from the [[Kasur Patiala Gharana]].<ref name=IndiaToday>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/people/ustad-bade-ghulam-ali-khan/15684.html Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan] India Today (newspaper), Retrieved 19 October 2020</ref><ref name=TOI>(Papri Paul) [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/remembering-the-legend-bade-ghulam-ali-khan/articleshow/57993825.cms Bade Ghulam Ali Khan: Remembering the legend] The Times of India (newspaper), Published 4 April 2017, Retrieved 19 October 2020</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/indian-classical-music-may-be-the-best-antidote-to-chauvinism/cid/1778691 |author=Ramachandra Guha|title=Melody within (Bade Ghulam Ali Khan)|newspaper=The Telegraph Online (newspaper)|date=5 June 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
==Early life and background==
[[Ustad]] Bade Ghulam Ali Khan was born  in [[Kasur]], of the erstwhile [[Punjab Province, British India]] in 1902. Following [[partition of India]] in 1947, [[Kasur Tehsil]] was allocated to Pakistan.
At the age of five, Bade Ghulam began training in vocal music from his chacha Kale Khan, and later from his father. He had three younger brothers namely [[Barkat Ali Khan]], Mubarak Ali Khan and Amanat Ali Khan.
Ustad Khan Ghulam Ali Khan had two sons from his first marriage to Allah Jawai. Munawar Ali Khan, his younger son, was born in August 1930 and Karamat Ali Khan, his elder son, was born in Lahore on 28 December 1928. Seven sons were born to his elder son Karamat Ali Khan: Baqi Ali, Asif Ali, Mazhar Ali Khan, Jawaad Ali Khan, Mehdi Ali, Sajjad Ali, and Naqi Ali Khan. Out of the seven sons, three have carried on the Gharana lineage and are still singing. Mazhar Ali Khan died in New Delhi, India, in September 2021. Three children were born to Munawar Ali Khan: two sons Raza Ali Khan and Shakir Ali Khan, and a daughter. Raza Ali Khan is carrying on the Gharana customs as well.
==Singing career==
[[File:Bade Ghulam Ali Khan 2003 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Bade Ghulam Ali Khan on a 2003 stamp of India]]
Though he started his career by singing a few compositions of his late father Ali Baksh Khan and uncle Kale Khan, Bade Ghulam amalgamated the best of three traditions into his own Patiala-Kasur style:
* The Behram Khani elements of [[Dhrupad]]
* The gyrations of [[Jaipur]] and
* The [[Gwalior gharana#Singing style|behlavas]] (embellishments) of [[Gwalior]].
Many of his raga expositions were brief, contrary to convention, and, while he agreed that the beauty of classical music lay in leisurely improvisation, he believed that the audience would not appreciate long [[alap]]s, particularly considering his tendency towards singing for the masses. He, therefore, changed the music to what the audience wanted. He excelled at more light-hearted [[raga]]s such as:
* Adana
* Bhupali
* Hameer
* Jaijaiwanti and
* Jaunpuri.
Under the pen name of '''''Sabrang''''', he created many new [[Bandish|compositions]]. Unlike his younger son, [[Munawar Ali Khan]], who had an open-throated voice, Khan Sahib's voice was slurred.
After the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan went to his hometown [[Kasur]] in Pakistan, but moved to India later to live permanently in 1957. With the help of the Bombay Chief Minister, [[Morarji Desai]], he acquired Indian citizenship and moved to a bungalow at Malabar Hill in [[Mumbai]]. He lived at various times in [[Lahore]], [[Bombay]], [[Calcutta]], and finally [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=telegraph/>
For a long time, he stayed away from singing in films, despite requests and persuasion from well-known producers and music directors. Finally, after much coaxing, he was convinced by the film producer, [[K Asif]], to sing two songs based on the ragas Sohni and Rageshri for the 1960 film [[Mughal-e-Azam]], with music directed by [[Naushad]]. He demanded and received an extremely high price, reportedly ₹ 25,000 per song, at a time when the rates of popular and star playback singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]] were below ₹ 500 per song.<ref name=TOI/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.firstpost.com/special/bade-gulam-ali-khan-birthday-special-patiyala-gharana-thumri-bade-ghulam-ali-khan-songs-am-100793.html|title=बड़े गुलाम अली खान: जिन्होंने गाने के लिए रफी और लता से 50 गुना फीस ली|website=Firstpost Hindi|date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
==Awards and recognition==
*[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1962)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=31 March 2016|
archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331060603/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=List of Sangeet Natak Academic Awards |website= Sangeet Natak Akademi website|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=IndiaToday/>
*[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] fellow (1967)
*[[Padma Bhushan]] Award (1962)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf Padma Bhushan Award (1962) listed for Bade Ghulam Ali Khan] Government of India website, Retrieved 19 October 2020</ref><ref name=IndiaToday/>
==Death and legacy==
[[File:Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Tomb at Daira Mir Momin cemetery in Hyderabad 04.jpg|thumb|Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Tomb at Daira Mir Momin cemetery in Hyderabad]]
He died in [[Basheer Bagh Palace]] in [[Hyderabad]] on 23 April 1968 after a prolonged illness that had left him partially paralyzed in the last few years of his life. He continued to sing and perform in public with the support of his son, [[Munawar Ali Khan]], until his death.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/beat-street/article28214054.ece Beat Street (Bade Ghulam Ali Khan)] The Hindu (newspaper), 16 November 2005, Retrieved 19 October 2020</ref><ref name=IndiaToday/> He was buried at [[Daira Mir Momin]] cemetery in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-03 |title=Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan’s tomb restored |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ustad-bade-ghulam-ali-khans-tomb-restored/articleshow/81877608.cms |access-date=2023-05-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2021-03-28 |title=Hyderabad: Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan’s tomb being restored |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-ustad-bade-ghulam-ali-khans-tomb-being-restored |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
Indian film director [[Harisadhan Dasgupta]] made a documentary film about Khan in 1968, titled ''Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Sahib''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Saheb (1964) |url=https://indiancine.ma/LAI/info |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
In 2017, the ''Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Yaadgaar Sabha'' was founded by his disciple Malti Gilani. It helps to keep his music and memory alive even today.<ref name=TheHindu>(Anjana Rajan) [https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/On-ragas-and-riches/article15399735.ece On ragas and riches] The Hindu (newspaper), 22 August 2008, Retrieved 19 October 2020</ref>
The main street at [[Basheerbagh]] is named ''Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Marg'' in his honour.<ref name=TOI/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Bade Ghulam Ali Khan}}
* {{cite book |last1= Manuel|first1= Peter L |title=Ṭhumrī in historical and stylistic perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlNShmx3x68C |year=1990 |publisher= Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|isbn=978-81-208-0673-3|ref=Manuel}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Bade Ghulam Ali}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Patiala gharana]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Thumri]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:People from Kasur District]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of India]]
[[Category:People who lost Pakistani citizenship]]
[[Category:Pakistani emigrants to India]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]