View source for Baden

{{Short description|Historical territory in South Germany and North Switzerland}}
{{other|Baden (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Baden-1803-1819.png|thumb|Grand Duchy of Baden with the Margraviate (red) and gains after 1803]]
[[File:Festung Schloss Hohenbaden.jpg|thumb|[[Hohenbaden Castle]] on the [[Battert]] above [[Baden-Baden]]]]
[[File:Karl-Friedrich-Denkmal am Schlossplatz Karlsruhe (cropped).JPG|thumb|Monument to [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden]] in front of [[Karlsruhe Palace]]]]
'''Baden''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑː|d|ən}}; {{IPA|de|ˈbaːdən|lang}}) is a historical territory in [[southern Germany]]. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the [[Upper Rhine]], but since the [[Napoleonic Wars]], it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
== History ==
The margraves of Baden originated from the [[House of Zähringen]].<ref name="ebrit">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baden-historical-state-Germany |title=Baden, historical state, Germany |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-05-09 |archive-date=2008-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726165036/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011696/Baden |url-status=live }}</ref> Baden is named after the margraves' residence, [[Hohenbaden Castle]] in [[Baden-Baden]]. [[Herman II, Margrave of Baden|Hermann II of Baden]] first claimed the title of Margrave of Baden in 1112. A united [[Margraviate of Baden]] existed from this time until 1535, when it was split into the two Margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden. Following a devastating fire in Baden-Baden in 1689, the capital was moved to [[Rastatt]].
The two parts were reunited in 1771 under [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden|Margrave Charles Frederick]]. The restored Margraviate with its capital [[Karlsruhe]] was elevated to the status of [[Prince-elector|electorate]] in 1803. In 1806, the [[Electorate of Baden]], receiving territorial additions, became the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]].
The Grand Duchy of Baden was a [[Historic states of Germany|state]] within the [[German Confederation]] until 1866 and the [[German Empire]] until 1918, succeeded by the [[Republic of Baden]] within the [[Weimar Republic]] and [[Nazi Germany]]. From 1945 to 1952, [[South Baden]] and [[Württemberg-Baden]] were territories under French and American occupation, respectively. They were united with [[Württemberg-Hohenzollern]] to form the modern Federal State of [[Baden-Württemberg]] in 1952.
== Geography ==
Baden lies in the southwest of Germany, with most of its major cities on the [[Upper Rhine Plain]]. Bounded by [[Lake Constance]] on the south and by the river [[Rhine]] on the south and west, the region of Baden stretches from the [[Linzgau]], [[Lörrach]] and [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] to [[Karlsruhe]] and then on to [[Mannheim]], leading to the [[Main (river)|Main]] and [[Tauber]] rivers.
To its west lies the [[France|French]] historical region of [[Alsace]], to its south [[Switzerland]], the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] to its northwest, [[Hesse]] to the north, and parts of [[Bavaria]] to the northeast. Its eastern border with the region of [[Württemberg]] runs from the [[Kraichgau]] through the [[Black Forest]], and from some parts of the forest to the Rhine the distances become as low as {{convert|18|km|0}} in the so-called "Wespentaille" near [[Gaggenau]].
==See also==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikisource}}
* [[History of Baden-Württemberg]]
* [[List of states in the Holy Roman Empire]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{HLS|6618|Baden (D)}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Baden| ]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe]]
[[Category:History of Baden-Württemberg]]